Study specimens V (Livestock bone), W (Poultry crop) and X (Rumen) and answer the questions that follow. (a)(i) Describe how specimen V could processed into...

(a)(i) How specimen V (Livestock bone) could be processed into bone meal

1. Collect the bones and clean off flesh, then boil or steam them to remove remaining meat, fat and marrow.
2. Sun-dry (or oven-dry) the softened bones thoroughly.
3. Grind or mill the dried bones into a fine powder.
4. Sieve the powder to obtain uniform, fine bone meal and bag it for storage.

(ii) Two nutrients supplied by bone meal in animal feed

• Calcium.
• Phosphorus.

(b) Two farm animals from which each specimen could be obtained

Specimen W (Poultry crop): fowl (chicken) and turkey (or duck) - it is found in birds.

Specimen X (Rumen): cattle and sheep (or goat) - it is found in ruminants.

(c) Two functions of each specimen in farm animals

Specimen W (Crop):

• Temporary storage of swallowed food.
• Softening and moistening of food before it passes to the proventriculus and gizzard.

Specimen X (Rumen):

• Serves as the site for microbial fermentation and digestion of cellulose (roughage).
• Stores ingested food and allows synthesis of microbial protein and B-vitamins.