Fig. 19.1 shows a round-bottomed flask fitted with a balloon. The flask is placed in hot water. (a) Describe what happens to the balloon when the flask is p...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 19.1 shows a round-bottomed flask fitted with a balloon. The flask is placed in hot water.
(a) Describe what happens to the balloon when the flask is placed in hot water. [1]
(b) Explain the observation in part (a) in terms of gas particles. [3]
(c) State what happens to the balloon if the flask is then placed in a bowl of iced water. Explain your answer. [2]
Answer Details
(a) The balloon inflates (expands). [1]
(b) When the flask is placed in hot water, the air particles inside gain kinetic energy and move faster. [1] They collide with the walls of the flask and with the inner surface of the balloon more often and with greater force. [1] This increased pressure inside the flask pushes the balloon outward, causing it to expand. [1]
The air expands because its particles need more space when moving at higher speeds, and the balloon is the flexible part that allows the volume increase.
(c) If the flask is then placed in iced water, the balloon deflates (gets smaller). [1] The air particles lose kinetic energy and slow down. They collide with the walls and balloon less frequently and with less force, reducing the pressure inside the flask. The atmospheric pressure outside is now greater than the internal pressure, so it pushes the balloon inward. The gas contracts. [1]
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