Human reproduction is controlled by several hormones, each of which has a particular role in the reproductive system. Table 17.1 lists four hormones involve...
Question 1 Report
Human reproduction is controlled by several hormones, each of which has a particular role in the reproductive system. Table 17.1 lists four hormones involved in human reproduction together with their roles, but some of the information in the table has been left out. Study the entries that are already given in the table and use them, together with your own knowledge, to help you work out and complete the missing details.
| Hormone | Main role |
|---|---|
| FSH | |
| LH | |
| Oestrogen | |
| Progesterone | maintains the thick uterus lining |
Use Table 17.1 and your knowledge of reproductive hormones to answer the questions that follow.
(a) Complete Table 17.1 by giving the main role of FSH, LH and oestrogen. [3]
(b) State the organ in which oestrogen is produced. [1]
(c) State what is meant by the term hormone. [2]
(d) Explain how a hormonal contraceptive pill prevents a pregnancy. [3]
(e) State one hormonal and one non-hormonal method of contraception. [2]
(f) Suggest two reasons why a couple might choose a non-hormonal method of contraception. [2]
Answer Details
This question is about the four main hormones of human reproduction. Part (a) asks you to complete Table 17.1, so the finished table is shown below.
| Hormone | Main role |
|---|---|
| FSH | stimulates an egg/follicle to mature in the ovary and stimulates the ovary to release oestrogen |
| LH | causes ovulation (release of the egg) |
| Oestrogen | repairs and thickens the uterus lining (and inhibits FSH) |
| Progesterone | maintains the thick uterus lining |
- Completed roles [3]. FSH matures a follicle/egg and triggers oestrogen release [1]; LH causes ovulation [1]; oestrogen repairs and thickens the uterus lining [1].
- Where oestrogen is made [1]. The ovary [1].
- Meaning of hormone [2]. A hormone is a chemical substance (messenger) produced by a gland [1] that is carried in the blood to alter the activity of a target organ [1].
- How the pill prevents pregnancy [3]. The pill contains oestrogen and/or progesterone [1]; these inhibit the release of FSH from the pituitary [1]; so no egg matures or is released and ovulation is prevented [1].
- One hormonal and one non-hormonal method [2]. Hormonal: the contraceptive pill, implant or injection [1]. Non-hormonal: a condom, diaphragm, IUD or abstinence [1].
- Why choose a non-hormonal method [2, any two]. A condom also protects against sexually transmitted infections; to avoid the side effects of hormones; for religious or personal reasons; or because hormonal methods are not always available. Any two.
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