Fig. 7.1 shows the outlines of three different cells. Cell P is a palisade cell from a green leaf, cell C is a cheek cell from the lining of a human mouth, ...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 7.1 shows the outlines of three different cells. Cell P is a palisade cell from a green leaf, cell C is a cheek cell from the lining of a human mouth, and cell B is a single bacterial cell. The three cells do not all contain the same parts. In the questions that follow you will complete a table comparing the three cells and then answer questions about some of the structures they contain.
Fig. 7.1
Table 7.1 compares the structures present in these three cells. A tick shows that a structure is present and a cross shows that it is absent. Some boxes have been left blank.
| Structure | cell P | cell C | cell B |
|---|---|---|---|
| cell wall | tick | cross | tick |
| cell membrane | tick | tick | tick |
| nucleus | tick | tick | |
| chloroplast | cross | ||
| permanent vacuole | tick | cross | cross |
| plasmid | cross | tick |
Table 7.1
(a) Complete Table 7.1 by writing a tick or a cross in each of the four blank boxes. [4]
(b) Using the table, name one structure found only in cell P. [1]
(c) Describe the function of the chloroplast. [2]
(d) State two functions of the permanent vacuole. [2]
(e) Describe where the genetic material of cell B is found. [2]
(f) State one structure that all three cells have in common. [1]
Answer Details
This question tests the structures found in a plant cell (P), an animal cell (C) and a bacterial cell (B). Fill the blanks by remembering what each cell type has.
(a) Complete the table. [4] The four blank boxes are filled as follows, giving the fully completed comparison:
| Structure | cell P (palisade) | cell C (cheek) | cell B (bacterium) |
|---|---|---|---|
| cell wall | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ |
| cell membrane | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| nucleus | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| chloroplast | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
| permanent vacuole | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
| plasmid | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
The four answers (in bold) are: chloroplast in P = tick, chloroplast in C = cross, nucleus in B = cross, plasmid in P = cross. (1 each) A green leaf palisade cell photosynthesises so it has chloroplasts; a cheek cell does not; bacteria have no nucleus but do have plasmids.
(b) Structure found only in cell P. [1] Chloroplast (accept permanent vacuole). (1) Only the palisade cell has chloroplasts among these three.
(c) Function of the chloroplast. [2] It contains chlorophyll, which absorbs (traps) light energy (1); it is the site of photosynthesis, where glucose is made (1).
(d) Two functions of the permanent vacuole. [2] Any two of: it stores cell sap, water and dissolved substances; it helps keep the cell turgid and so supports the cell. (1 each)
(e) Where the genetic material of cell B is found. [2] It is not enclosed in a nucleus (1); instead a single circular loop of DNA lies free in the cytoplasm, along with smaller rings called plasmids (1).
(f) One structure common to all three cells. [1] Any one of: cell membrane; cytoplasm; ribosomes. (1)
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