Fig. 14 shows a designer's research board for a new product. The product is a portable reading lamp for students. The product has been designed to be both f...

(a) Two types of research shown on the board: [2]

1. Analysis of existing products (product analysis): The board shows three existing lamps (desk lamp A, clip lamp B, book light C) with an analysis of their features. Studying competitor products helps the designer understand what works well, identify gaps in the market, and avoid repeating design flaws. [1]
2. User survey / questionnaire (primary research): The board displays results from surveying 50 students, showing that 85% want USB charging, 70% want an adjustable design, and 60% prefer a compact size. This gives direct, quantitative insight into the needs and preferences of the target market. [1]

Other valid types visible include: materials research (investigating suitable materials such as ABS plastic, aluminium tube, silicone grip, LED technology); target market research (identifying the user group as 14-25-year-old students); and sustainability research (recyclable materials, low-energy LED, rechargeable battery).

(b) How user survey results could influence the design specification: [2]

Since 85% of surveyed users want USB charging, the specification should require a USB-rechargeable battery as a mandatory feature, with a specified minimum battery life. [1]

Since 60% prefer a compact size, the specification should set maximum dimensions and weight limits to ensure the lamp is portable enough to carry in a school bag. The 70% preference for adjustability could translate to a specification point requiring an adjustable arm or head angle. [1]

(c) Why considering sustainability is important during the design process: [2]

Using recyclable materials and energy-efficient components (such as LEDs and rechargeable batteries) reduces the environmental impact of the product throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction through manufacture and use to end-of-life disposal. Designing with sustainability in mind minimises waste, reduces energy consumption, and avoids hazardous materials. [1]

Consumers and governments increasingly demand environmentally responsible products. Legislation may require products to meet recycling or energy-efficiency standards. Designing for sustainability can therefore improve marketability, meet legal requirements, and enhance the brand's reputation with environmentally conscious buyers. [1]