[Listening extract audio not available in printed QP] A song for voice and piano sets each verse to different music. (a) What type of song. [1] (b) The pian...

(a) A song in which each verse is set to different music is called a through-composed song (German: durchkomponiert). [1]

In a through-composed song, the composer writes new music for each stanza of the text rather than repeating the same melody. This allows the music to respond closely to the changing meaning and mood of the words. A well-known example is Schubert's Erlkonig, where different musical material characterises each speaker in the poem.

(b) The technique in which the piano uses rapid descending scales to depict a waterfall is called word-painting (also accepted as tone-painting or text-painting). [1]

Word-painting is the musical illustration of specific images or ideas in the text. A composer might use rising melodic lines for words like "ascend" or "heaven," tremolo for trembling, or - as here - cascading descending scales to evoke falling water. It is a prominent feature of art song (Lied), madrigals and opera.

(c) In a strophic song, the same music is repeated for every verse of the text. [1]

Only the words change from verse to verse while the melody, harmony and accompaniment pattern remain the same throughout. This is the simplest song form and is typical of folk songs and hymns. It works well when the mood of the text remains consistent across all verses.