[Listening extract audio not available in printed QP] A solo violinist plays a sustained note. First, the bow moves rapidly back and forth, creating a shimm...
Question 1 Report
[Listening extract audio not available in printed QP]
A solo violinist plays a sustained note. First, the bow moves rapidly back and forth, creating a shimmering effect. Then, the left-hand finger rocks on the string.
(a) What bowing technique creates the shimmering effect? [1]
(b) What is the left-hand technique that causes slight pitch oscillation. [1]
[Total: 2 marks]
Answer Details
(a) Tremolo [1]
Tremolo on a bowed string instrument is produced by moving the bow rapidly back and forth on the string in very short strokes. This creates a shimmering, trembling effect - a rapid repetition of the same note that produces an agitated, shimmering sound. Tremolo is indicated in notation by diagonal lines through the stem of a note. It is widely used in orchestral music to create tension, excitement, or atmospheric effects. The technique differs from a trill (which alternates between two different pitches); tremolo stays on a single pitch.
(b) Vibrato [1]
Vibrato is a technique in which the player rocks the left-hand finger back and forth on the string, causing a slight, regular oscillation in pitch. This produces a warmer, richer, and more expressive tone compared to a straight, unvarying pitch. The oscillation is subtle - typically less than a semitone in either direction - and occurs several times per second. Vibrato is considered a fundamental expressive tool for string players, singers, and some wind players. It adds warmth and projection to sustained notes and helps the sound carry in a concert hall. The speed and width of vibrato can be varied to suit different musical styles and emotional contexts.
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