JAMB UTME - Commerce - 2019

A cheque that is payable to whoever presents it is known as______

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A cheque that is payable to whoever presents it is known as a "bearer cheque". A bearer cheque is a type of cheque where the person who presents the cheque to the bank for payment is considered the rightful owner, regardless of who actually wrote the cheque. In other words, if you have a bearer cheque, you can cash it at the bank without having to prove that you are the person to whom the cheque was written. This type of cheque is becoming less common due to security concerns, as it makes it easier for someone to fraudulently cash someone else's cheque. In contrast, other types of cheques, such as "order cheques" and "crossed cheques", have added security features to prevent fraud and ensure that the cheque is paid to the correct recipient.

Which of the limited liability companies have a limit of fifty members and do not issues their shares to the public

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The type of limited liability company that has a limit of fifty members and does not issue their shares to the public is a private limited liability company. A private limited liability company is a type of business structure where the company's shares are owned by a small group of individuals (usually family, friends or business partners). This type of company is restricted to a maximum of fifty shareholders and cannot sell its shares to the public through a stock exchange. The liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount of money they have invested in the company, so they are not personally responsible for the company's debts. In addition, the company's legal identity is separate from that of its owners, which means the company can own property, enter into contracts and take legal action in its own name. Overall, a private limited liability company is a popular option for small businesses and startups as it provides limited liability protection to its owners while also allowing for flexible management and ownership structures.

An example of vertical integration is___________

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Trust is an amalgation of different competing firms in different lines of business under a single management. It is vertically integrated in nature.

A commission charged on postal order is__________

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A commission charged on postal order is called "poundage." Poundage is a small fee that is charged by the postal service for processing and handling a postal order. This fee is a percentage of the total amount of the postal order and is designed to cover the costs of processing, handling, and delivering the order. Poundage is usually a small amount, but it can add up over time, especially if you use postal orders frequently. It is important to take poundage into consideration when calculating the total cost of a postal order, to make sure you have enough funds to cover both the cost of the order and the poundage fee.

Any information about a manufacturer or his product that appears in any medium on a non-paid basis is known as

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Publicity is the information about a manufacturer or his product that appears in any medium on a non-paid basis. This means that the information is not paid for and is instead shared for free through various channels, such as news articles, social media, and other forms of media. The goal of publicity is to generate positive buzz and awareness about a product or brand, and it is often seen as more credible and trustworthy than paid advertising because it is not influenced by financial incentives. Publicity can be a valuable tool for companies looking to build their reputation and reach new audiences.

The basic characteristics of co-operative society include all except one

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Members in the management committees of Co-operative societies often lack business experience and expertise.

A document which entitles its holder to the gods named on it, which is stored in a specific warehouse is called________

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The document which entitles its holder to the goods named on it, which is stored in a specific warehouse is called a Warrant. A warrant is a legal document that gives the holder the right to take possession of a specific commodity or asset. In this case, the warrant entitles its holder to the goods named on it, which are stored in a specific warehouse. The holder of the warrant can present it to the warehouse and take possession of the goods specified on the warrant. Warrants are commonly used in commodity trading, where they serve as a form of guarantee that the holder has the right to take possession of the commodity specified on the warrant. Warrants are also used in other industries, such as finance and logistics, to facilitate the transfer of assets and goods.

A two-way process which involves sending and receiving of messages is referred to as__________

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The two-way process which involves sending and receiving of messages is referred to as communication. Communication is the exchange of information between two or more individuals or groups. It involves both sending and receiving messages and is essential for human interaction and understanding. Communication can take many forms, including verbal, nonverbal, and written. It can occur in various settings, such as personal, professional, or public. Effective communication requires active listening, clear expression, and mutual understanding. In a two-way communication process, each party involved sends and receives messages, creating an ongoing dialogue. This enables participants to exchange information, clarify misunderstandings, and build relationships. Overall, communication is a fundamental aspect of human interaction, enabling individuals and groups to connect, collaborate, and understand one another.

One of the disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship is__________

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One of the disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship is that it "lacks specialization." A Sole Proprietorship is a type of business structure where an individual operates and owns the business by themselves. This type of business structure is simple to start and requires minimal paperwork, but it also has some disadvantages. One of the disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship is that it lacks specialization. This means that the owner of the business is responsible for all aspects of the business, including management, marketing, finances, and operations. This can be overwhelming for one person to handle, and can lead to burnout or reduced efficiency. Additionally, a Sole Proprietorship does not have any separate legal standing from the owner, which means that the owner is personally liable for all debts and obligations of the business. This can put the owner's personal assets, such as their home or savings, at risk. So, the disadvantage of Sole Proprietorship mentioned in the question is "lacks specialization."

A partnership may be automatically dissolved due to the following factors except________

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A partnership may be automatically dissolved due to any of the following factors: court verdict, joint decision, or bankruptcy of a partner. However, the admission of new partners does not automatically dissolve a partnership. When a partnership is dissolved, it means that the business relationship between the partners has ended, and the partners are no longer bound to work together. The dissolution can occur for various reasons, including those listed above. A court verdict may dissolve a partnership when a lawsuit is brought against the partners, and the court orders the dissolution of the partnership. A joint decision to dissolve the partnership occurs when all the partners agree to end their business relationship. The bankruptcy of a partner may also lead to the automatic dissolution of a partnership. In this case, the bankrupt partner's assets may be used to pay off the partnership's debts, and the remaining partners may not be willing or able to continue the business. On the other hand, the admission of new partners does not necessarily dissolve a partnership. It is possible for a partnership to bring in new partners without ending the existing partnership. However, the addition of new partners may require a re-negotiation of the partnership agreement, which can lead to changes in the terms and conditions of the partnership.

In Nigeria, it is mandatory for all business enterprises to be registered with the________

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In Nigeria, all business enterprises are required to be registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). The CAC is a government agency that is responsible for registering and regulating all business activities and organizations in Nigeria. By registering with the CAC, a business can legally operate in Nigeria and receive protection under the law. The CAC also helps to ensure that businesses are operating in a fair and transparent manner, and provides a database of all registered businesses for the public to access.

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Thee major aim of consumer orientation is_________

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The major aim of consumer orientation is to ensure consumer satisfaction. Consumer orientation is a business approach that prioritizes meeting the needs and wants of consumers. It involves designing products, services, and marketing strategies that are tailored to the preferences of consumers, as well as seeking feedback from consumers to continuously improve and refine offerings. By placing the needs and wants of consumers at the forefront of decision-making, businesses that adopt a consumer orientation can improve customer satisfaction and build long-term loyalty. This can ultimately lead to increased sales, profits, and market share. Consumer orientation also supports the principle of consumer sovereignty, which means that consumers have the power to determine what is produced in the market through their buying decisions. By understanding and responding to consumer preferences, businesses can better meet the needs of their target markets and improve their competitiveness. Market research is an important component of a consumer orientation strategy, as it provides valuable insights into consumer preferences, behaviors, and attitudes. This can help businesses identify trends, opportunities, and potential areas for improvement, as well as develop more effective marketing campaigns. Overall, the major aim of consumer orientation is to ensure that businesses meet the needs and wants of consumers in order to achieve customer satisfaction, loyalty, and long-term success.

The assembling of Manufactured products into forms usable by humans is classified as

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Construction occupation is the assembling of manufactured products into forms e.g The building of houses is done by assembling bricks, tiles, door frames, window, frames, ceiling boards e.t.c

Booklets containing a range of products, their uses and prices are called

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The booklets containing a range of products, their uses, and prices are called catalogues. Catalogues are comprehensive printed or digital documents that contain a list of products or services, their descriptions, features, and prices. They are usually organized in a clear and easy-to-understand format, making it easy for potential customers to compare different products and make informed buying decisions. Catalogues can be used by various businesses, including retail stores, online shops, and manufacturers, to showcase their products to potential customers. Unlike posters, which typically only feature a single product or service, catalogues provide a broader overview of the range of products or services available from a particular business.

The factors to be considered in setting up retail trade include all except_____

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The factor to be considered in setting up retail trade that does not need to be considered is "Age". Age does not have a direct impact on setting up a retail trade business. Other factors such as capital, experience, and location are more important and directly affect the success of the business. Capital refers to the financial resources required to start and run the business, including money for rent, inventory, equipment, and other expenses. Experience refers to the knowledge and skills the owner has in running a retail business, including knowledge of the industry, customer service, and marketing. Location refers to the physical location of the business, and it is crucial to choose a location that is easily accessible to customers and has a high foot traffic.

In a law of contract, what is given in exchange for a promise to perform is_____

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In a law of contract, what is given in exchange for a promise to perform is consideration. Consideration is the benefit or value that is exchanged between parties in a contract. It is what each party gives or promises to give in exchange for the other party's promise to perform. Consideration can take various forms, such as money, goods, services, or even a promise to do something in the future. For example, when you buy a product from a store, the money you pay for the product is your consideration, while the product itself is the consideration provided by the store. Both the buyer and the seller have given or promised something of value to each other, making the transaction a legally binding contract. Consideration is an essential element of a contract, and without it, a contract is not considered legally enforceable. This is because consideration shows that both parties have made a bargained-for exchange, and it helps to prevent situations where one party may promise something without intending to follow through with it.

A memory that can be read and write and is volatile is known as

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A memory that is volatile, meaning that it loses its contents when the power is turned off, and can be read and written to is called Random Access Memory (RAM). RAM is a type of computer memory that is used to store data and programs that are actively being used. The contents of RAM can be easily changed, and it is a fast type of memory that allows the computer to access data quickly. However, because it is volatile, any data stored in RAM is lost when the power is turned off. In contrast, Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a type of memory that is non-volatile, meaning that its contents are permanent and cannot be changed. EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) are types of non-volatile memory that can be reprogrammed, but they are not as fast as RAM and are not used for actively storing data and programs.

Use this information to answer this question. Below is the trading, profit and loss Account particulars of Amadi peterside and Brothers for the year ended 31st December 1986.

Trading Expenses

From the figures given, calculate

Percentage of net profit to turnover

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The risks that can be forecast and measured is termed___________

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The term you are looking for is "Insurable risks". Insurable risks are those risks that can be quantified and predicted with a certain level of accuracy. They are typically events that are outside of the control of the individual or organization and can result in financial loss or damage. Examples of insurable risks include natural disasters, accidents, theft, and fire. Insurable risks can be mitigated through insurance, which involves paying a premium to transfer the risk to an insurance company. The insurance company then assumes the financial responsibility of the risk and compensates the policyholder in the event of a covered loss. It's important to note that not all risks are insurable. Non-insurable risks are those that are difficult to predict or quantify, such as market fluctuations, changes in regulations, and acts of war. These risks are typically not covered by insurance policies.

The most important resources of business is_______

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The most important resource of a business is its human resources, which refers to the people who work for the company. This includes everyone from the CEO to entry-level employees. Human resources are crucial because they are the ones who create, produce, and sell the products or services that the company offers. Money, material resources, and opportunities are also important, but without human resources, a business cannot function. Money is important to invest in the company and keep it running, but without people to manage the finances and create revenue, the money is useless. Material resources such as equipment, technology, and supplies are necessary to produce goods or provide services, but again, it is the human resources who operate the machinery and use the supplies. Opportunities such as partnerships or expanding into new markets can be lucrative, but it is the human resources who develop and execute the strategies to take advantage of these opportunities. In summary, while all resources are important, human resources are the most critical because they are the ones who make the business function and succeed.

All but one does not provide an Indirect Service?

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Among the four options, only "Custom Officers" do not provide an indirect service. An indirect service is a service that is provided to the public through intermediaries or intermediaries, such as government agencies, non-profit organizations, or private companies. Family doctors provide an indirect service because they are intermediaries between patients and the healthcare system. They diagnose and treat patients, prescribe medications, and refer patients to specialists or hospitals if necessary. Civil servants also provide an indirect service by managing and implementing government policies and programs that directly impact the public, such as education, healthcare, and public safety. Lawmakers provide an indirect service by creating laws and policies that shape the way society functions. Their actions affect the public directly or indirectly. On the other hand, custom officers do not provide an indirect service. They work directly for the government and are responsible for enforcing laws and regulations related to imports and exports. Their job is to inspect goods, collect duties and taxes, and prevent illegal activities, such as smuggling, at the borders. Custom officers do not provide a service that intermediaries distribute to the public.

All but one is not a barriers to foreign trade

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Trade Fair is not a barrier to foreign trade. Trade barriers are obstacles that can make it difficult for companies to trade goods and services internationally. There are different types of trade barriers, including natural barriers, economic barriers, and social and language barriers. Natural barriers refer to geographic features such as mountains or oceans that can make it difficult to transport goods. Economic barriers include tariffs, quotas, and other regulations that make it more expensive or difficult to import or export goods. Social and language barriers are cultural and linguistic differences that can make it challenging for companies to do business in other countries. Trade fairs, on the other hand, are events that bring together companies and individuals from different countries to showcase their products and services. Trade fairs can actually facilitate foreign trade by providing a platform for companies to meet and network with potential partners and customers from around the world. Trade fairs can also help to promote international understanding and cooperation, which can be beneficial for foreign trade. In summary, while natural, economic, and social and language barriers can impede foreign trade, trade fairs are not a barrier to foreign trade. In fact, they can actually help to promote and facilitate it.

The Sole aim of government owned business is to

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The sole aim of a government-owned business depends on the specific goals and objectives of the government that owns it. In general, government-owned businesses are established to achieve specific policy goals, such as providing essential services to the public, promoting economic development, and generating revenue for the government. Unlike privately-owned businesses whose primary aim is to maximize profits for their owners and shareholders, government-owned businesses may prioritize other objectives such as providing affordable services to the public, promoting social welfare, and ensuring environmental sustainability. For example, a government-owned utility company may aim to provide affordable and reliable electricity to households and businesses, while a government-owned transportation company may aim to provide safe and efficient transport services to commuters. However, it's important to note that government-owned businesses can also face challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies and political interference that can affect their ability to achieve their intended objectives.

Which function of money is described in the following statement?

It serves as a medium through which business transactions are carried out

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Since money can be stored, it can accumulated to pay debts and can serve as a medium by which business transactions on credit can be settled.

The provision of qualified managerial and other skilled personnel for an enterprise is called

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The provision of qualified managerial and other skilled personnel for an enterprise is called "staffing". Staffing is the process of recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees for an organization. It involves identifying the right people with the required skills and knowledge to fill various positions within the company, from entry-level roles to managerial positions. Staffing is an essential function of management that helps ensure that the organization has the right people in the right roles to achieve its goals effectively and efficiently. In short, staffing is about finding and nurturing talent to build a strong and capable team that can drive the organization forward.

A self-contained chunk of code with principal aim to replies preferably undetected and to copy itself into the computer's memory and the computer's hard-disk is_________

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A self-contained chunk of code with the principal aim to copy itself into a computer's memory and hard-disk, and reply preferably undetected, is a virus. A computer virus is a type of malicious software (malware) that can infect a computer system by copying itself and spreading from one computer to another. It can be disguised as a legitimate program or file, and once it infects a computer, it can modify, delete, or steal data, and even control the computer remotely. The main characteristic of a virus is its ability to replicate and spread itself without the user's knowledge or consent. It can attach itself to files or programs, and when the user opens or runs them, the virus is executed and can start infecting other files or programs on the computer. Some viruses can even modify the computer's operating system to make it more difficult to detect and remove the virus. Computer viruses are a serious threat to computer security, and can cause significant damage to personal or business data, financial information, and reputation. To protect against viruses, it is important to have up-to-date antivirus software installed on your computer, and to be cautious when opening files or programs from unknown or suspicious sources.

The difference between a chamber of commerce and a trade association is that the former

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A chamber of commerce and a trade association are both types of business organizations, but they differ in their focus and membership. A chamber of commerce is a business organization that represents a specific geographical region and is open to businesses from all industries. Its primary purpose is to promote economic development and provide resources to its members, such as networking events, business education, and advocacy on behalf of the business community. On the other hand, a trade association is an organization that represents businesses in a particular industry or sector. Its members are typically companies or individuals who are engaged in the same trade, such as the National Restaurant Association, which represents the restaurant industry, or the National Association of Realtors, which represents real estate professionals. In summary, the key difference between a chamber of commerce and a trade association is that the former is not restricted to a particular industry and represents a geographic region, while the latter represents businesses within a specific industry or trade.

A bear market is said to be in existence in a period of

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Slump is associated with the bears. A bear market is said to be in the period of stump with an uncertain economic trend.

Examples of Commercial occupation are all except___________

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All the options listed - bankers, traders, insurers, and goldsmiths - are examples of commercial occupations, so the correct answer is "none of the above" or "all of the options are examples of commercial occupations". Commercial occupations are those that are primarily involved in buying, selling, or trading goods or services for a profit. Bankers are involved in the business of banking, which includes accepting deposits, making loans, and other financial services. Traders are involved in buying and selling financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, and commodities. Insurers provide insurance policies to individuals and businesses in exchange for premiums. Goldsmiths are involved in the business of making and selling jewelry and other precious metal items. All of these professions involve commercial activities aimed at making a profit, so they are all examples of commercial occupations.

The policy used when contracts are awarded as a result of tender is________

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The policy used when contracts are awarded as a result of tender is Bid Pricing. Bid pricing is a strategy used by companies to win contracts by offering the lowest price among all the bidders while still ensuring profitability. When a company or organization puts out a tender for a project, other companies can submit their bids, which include the proposed price, along with other information like project timeline, quality standards, and experience. The company or organization will then review the bids and award the contract to the bidder with the most suitable proposal, often taking into consideration the price quoted. In summary, bid pricing is a competitive strategy used by companies to secure contracts by offering the lowest price possible while still ensuring that the project remains profitable for the company.

The basic characteristics of co-operative society include all except one

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The basic characteristics of a cooperative society include being managed democratically, following the principle of "one member, one vote," and typically having amateur management. Cooperative societies are member-owned organizations that operate for the mutual benefit of their members. They are typically formed to address a specific need or challenge faced by a group of individuals, such as farmers, consumers, or workers. One of the key characteristics of a cooperative society is that it is managed democratically, with decisions made through a vote by the members. This ensures that everyone has a say in the operation of the society and that decisions are made in the best interest of the members as a whole. Another important principle of cooperative societies is that they follow the "one member, one vote" principle, which means that each member has an equal say in the decision-making process regardless of how much capital they have invested in the society. Amateur management is another characteristic of cooperative societies, with members typically volunteering their time and expertise to manage the society's operations. This helps keep costs low and ensures that decisions are made in the best interest of the members, rather than for the benefit of professional managers. The characteristic that does not apply to cooperative societies is raising extra capital through loans. Cooperative societies typically raise capital from their members through the sale of shares, rather than through loans. This helps ensure that the society remains member-owned and that decisions are made in the best interest of the members rather than for the benefit of outside lenders.

Commerce brings about all except one

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Commerce brings about international cooperation, improvement in the standard of living, and infrastructural development, but it does not bring about monotony of work. Commerce involves buying and selling goods and services between countries and between individuals, and this can lead to international cooperation as countries work together to exchange goods and services and build relationships. This can also lead to an improvement in the standard of living, as people have access to a wider range of goods and services and can trade with others to get what they need. Infrastructural development, such as the construction of ports, airports, and roads, can also be a result of commerce, as these facilities are needed to support the transportation of goods and services. However, commerce does not bring about monotony of work, as work in commerce can be diverse and dynamic, involving a range of activities such as marketing, sales, and logistics. While some tasks within commerce may become repetitive, the nature of commerce itself is not monotonous.

Use the following information to answer this question.

The following is a summary of the asset and liabilities of Ojo trading company as at 31st December, 2018

From the above, calculate Current assets

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To calculate the current assets of Ojo Trading Company, we need to add up all the assets that are expected to be converted into cash within one year. These include: - Debtors: The amount of money that the company is owed by its customers within one year. - Stock: The value of the goods that the company currently holds in inventory that are expected to be sold within one year. - Bank: The amount of cash that the company has in its bank accounts. Adding these up, we get: Current assets = Debtors + Stock + Bank = 100 + 1000 + 500 = 1600 Therefore, the current assets of Ojo Trading Company as at 31st December, 2018 is 1600. In summary, current assets are those assets that are expected to be converted into cash within one year. For Ojo Trading Company, the current assets include debtors, stock and bank, which when added together, give a total of 1600.

Which of these is not a merit of division of labour

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The option that is not a merit of division of labour is "Creates monotony in the workforce." Division of labour is a process where a complex task is broken down into smaller tasks and each task is assigned to different individuals who specialize in that task. This process has several benefits, such as specialization, increased efficiency, and the facilitation of training in new jobs. However, one downside of division of labour is that it can create monotony in the workforce. When workers are assigned to perform the same task repeatedly, it can lead to boredom and a lack of engagement, which can ultimately lead to decreased productivity. Overall, division of labour has its benefits, but it's important to recognize that it also has its limitations, such as the potential for creating monotony in the workforce.

The following is a summary of the asset and liabilities of Ojo trading company as at 31st December, 2018

From the above, calculate Current liabilities

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From accounting equation;
Assets = Capital + liabilities
Therefore, liabilities = Assets - Capital
Liabilities = (4900 + 1600) - (500 + 1000) = 6500 - 6000
⇒ ₦600

A market is said to be bullish if_________

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A market is said to be bullish if there is a rise in the prices of securities. This means that the investors are optimistic about the market conditions and are buying stocks and other securities, which leads to an increase in their prices. A bullish market is generally seen as a sign of a strong and healthy economy, as investors are confident about the future prospects of the companies whose stocks they are buying. When the market is bullish, people are more likely to invest and take risks, as they believe that the prices of securities will continue to rise, resulting in profits for them.

All but one is not a demerit of advertising?

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The demerit of advertising that is not true is "Increase in profit." Advertising can lead to an increase in profit, but this is not a demerit, but rather a benefit of advertising. Advertising can have various demerits, such as: - It can lead to a monopoly, where large companies with huge advertising budgets can dominate the market and drive out smaller competitors. - It can encourage buyers to purchase products that they don't really need, leading to unnecessary consumption and waste. - Advertising can be expensive, which can lead to higher prices for products and services, ultimately borne by the consumers. - Advertising can be misleading, and make false claims about products or services, which can be harmful to consumers and erode trust in the marketplace. In summary, while advertising can certainly increase profits for businesses, it can also have negative consequences, such as the creation of monopolies, encouraging unnecessary consumption, and misleading consumers, which are all considered demerits of advertising.

Use this information to answer this question. Below is the trading, profit and loss Account particulars of Amadi peterside and Brothers for the year ended 31st December 1986.

Trading Expenses

From the figures given, calculate

Net profit

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Net profit = Gross profit - Expenses
3000 - 1400 = 1600

An International organisation that influence and fix the price of oil in the International markets is

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The international organization that influences and sets the price of oil in the international markets is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPEC is an intergovernmental organization made up of 14 oil-producing countries. These countries work together to control the supply of oil in the international markets, with the aim of stabilizing prices and generating income for their member countries. By controlling the supply of oil, OPEC can influence the price of oil in the international markets, making it a powerful player in the global energy market. IMF, ECOWAS, and OAU are not organizations that are involved in setting the price of oil. IMF (International Monetary Fund) is a global organization that provides financial assistance and support to countries with economic difficulties. ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) is a regional organization made up of 15 West African countries, aimed at promoting economic integration and development in the region. OAU (Organization of African Unity) is a defunct organization that was formed to promote unity and cooperation among African countries.