JAMB UTME - Government - 2017

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The needs of the citizen are made known to the government through public opinion. Public opinion refers to the attitudes, views, and beliefs of a large number of people in a society about a particular issue or set of issues. Citizens can express their opinions through various channels such as elections, surveys, public demonstrations, media, and other forms of communication. The government can then take these opinions into account when making decisions that affect the population. By listening to public opinion, the government can better understand the needs and concerns of its citizens, and make decisions that reflect their interests.

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The conduct of free and fair elections is a process of military disengagement from Nigeria politics. Historically, the Nigerian military has played a significant role in the country's politics, often intervening in civilian government affairs and even seizing power in military coups. This military involvement in politics has led to instability and a lack of democratic governance in Nigeria. One way to end the military's dominance in politics is by conducting free and fair elections. This means that the electoral process is transparent, inclusive, and allows for the participation of all eligible citizens, regardless of their political affiliations. Free and fair elections also involve the presence of independent electoral bodies that oversee the entire process and ensure that the results are credible and acceptable. By conducting free and fair elections, the military can begin to disengage from politics and allow civilian government to take root. When the electoral process is credible and accepted by all, civilian leaders can legitimately assume power and carry out the necessary reforms to strengthen democratic governance. In summary, the conduct of free and fair elections is a process of military disengagement from Nigeria politics. It helps to establish democratic governance and creates an environment where civilian leaders can legitimately assume power without interference from the military.

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The appointment and dissolution of the board of directors of a public corporation fall under ministerial control. This means that it is the responsibility of the relevant government ministry or department to oversee the appointment and dissolution of the board of directors of a public corporation. Typically, the appointment of the board of directors is made by the government ministry or department responsible for overseeing the public corporation. This is often done through a process of nomination, vetting, and approval. Once appointed, the board of directors is responsible for the overall direction and management of the public corporation, including making strategic decisions and overseeing its operations. The dissolution of the board of directors can also be carried out by the government ministry or department responsible for overseeing the public corporation. This may be done for various reasons, such as underperformance or misconduct. The ministry or department will typically have the authority to remove individual directors or dissolve the entire board and appoint a new one. In summary, the appointment and dissolution of the board of directors of a public corporation fall under ministerial control, which means that it is the responsibility of the relevant government ministry or department to oversee these processes.

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The 1976 Local government reforms were embarked upon by the central government under the leadership of General Olusegun Obasanjo. Local government reforms refer to the changes made to the administration of local government areas in a country. In Nigeria, the 1976 Local government reforms were aimed at restructuring the local government system to make it more efficient and effective. General Olusegun Obasanjo was the Head of State of Nigeria from 1976 to 1979, and it was during his administration that the 1976 Local government reforms were implemented. The reforms aimed to improve the delivery of services to citizens at the grassroots level, promote participatory democracy, and strengthen local government autonomy. The reforms created a three-tiered local government structure in Nigeria, consisting of local government councils, area councils, and state independent electoral commissions. The local government councils were responsible for the administration of local government areas, while the area councils were responsible for administering the rural areas. The state independent electoral commissions were established to conduct local government elections. In summary, General Olusegun Obasanjo was the leader of Nigeria at the time the 1976 Local government reforms were embarked upon by the central government to restructure the local government system to make it more efficient and effective.

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During the pre-colonial era, the head of palace officials was Sarking fada. Sarkin dawaki and Sarkin gida had no offices in the fulani pre-colonial era. Sarkin ruwa is another office in hausa-fulani in the pre-colonial era where his office was the river fishing official.

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The Nigeria flag was designed in 1959. It was the result of a national competition held to choose a new design for the country's flag ahead of its independence from British colonial rule. The competition was open to the public, and entries were received from all over the country. The winning design was created by a Nigerian student named Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi, who was studying in London at the time. Akinkunmi's design featured three vertical stripes of equal width: two green stripes on the edges and a white stripe in the middle. The green stripes represent Nigeria's agricultural wealth, while the white stripe symbolizes peace. The flag was officially hoisted on October 1, 1960, to mark Nigeria's independence from British colonial rule. In summary, the Nigeria flag was designed in 1959 as a result of a national competition, and it was officially hoisted on October 1, 1960.

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He is the author of the book "Political Parties" argues that most representative systems deteriorates towards an Oligarchy or Patriarchy in the year 1911

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Successful figure of population census needs to be considered politically because it can contribute to the success of politics.

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One of the problem of privatisation was due to the fact that their was to make profit, thereby affecting the consumer.

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Chief Frederick Rotimi Alade Williams was the first Nigerian to become Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN). The body held by him was formed to draft the constitution to be approved by the military administration under the regime of Obasanjo.

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The Ibrahim panel of 1984 was a committee set up by the Major General Muhammadu Buhari Administration in Nigeria. The committee was named after its chairman, Alhaji Ahmed Joda Ibrahim, and was tasked with reviewing the reforms carried out in the country's local government system by the previous government. To provide some context, in 1976, the military government of General Murtala Ramat Mohammed carried out a major restructuring of Nigeria's local government system. This restructuring involved the creation of new local government areas and the introduction of a system of democratically elected officials at the local government level. However, some critics argued that the reforms were not properly implemented and were riddled with corruption. When Major General Muhammadu Buhari came to power in a military coup in 1983, he set up the Ibrahim panel to review the local government reforms of 1976. The panel was tasked with assessing the effectiveness and impact of the reforms, identifying any weaknesses or shortcomings, and making recommendations for improvement. In summary, the Ibrahim panel of 1984 was a committee set up by the Major General Muhammadu Buhari Administration to review the local government reforms carried out by the previous government in 1976.

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A formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office is called an election. An election is a process in which eligible members of a population, such as citizens of a country, vote to choose a representative who will hold a public office, such as a political leader or government official. The individuals who are running for the office typically campaign to persuade voters to choose them, often by presenting their views on various issues and outlining their qualifications and experience. On the day of the election, eligible voters cast their ballots, either in person or by mail, and the votes are tallied to determine the winner. The candidate who receives the most votes is then elected to the public office. Elections are a key feature of democratic societies, as they provide citizens with the opportunity to choose their leaders and have a say in how their government is run. They also help ensure that those who hold public office are accountable to the people they serve.

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The organ that is responsible for the interpretation of law is the Judiciary. The Judiciary is the branch of government responsible for interpreting and enforcing the laws. It is made up of a system of courts, including the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the land and is responsible for making final decisions on important legal cases. The Judiciary acts as a check on the power of the other branches of government, ensuring that they act within the bounds of the law and protecting the rights of citizens. In short, the Judiciary interprets the law and ensures that it is followed, making it an essential part of a democratic system of government.

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The new wind of development that blew over Europe in the 18th century is referred to as the Industrial Revolution. This was a period of significant technological advancement, particularly in the manufacturing industry. It involved the introduction of new machines, methods, and processes that enabled mass production of goods. This, in turn, led to increased productivity, improved quality of goods, and reduced production costs. The Industrial Revolution brought about a significant shift from manual labor to machine-based production, which paved the way for modern industrialization. The effects of the Industrial Revolution were felt not only in Europe but also in other parts of the world and had a lasting impact on the global economy, society, and culture.

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In the United States, a by-election is typically called a "special election." A special election is a type of election held outside of the regular election cycle to fill an unexpected vacancy in an elected office, such as a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives or the U.S. Senate, or a state or local office. Special elections are usually held when a sitting elected official resigns, dies, or is removed from office before their term is up. The purpose of a special election is to ensure that the affected constituency is represented in the interim until the next regular election cycle.

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The primary source of fund for local government is statutory allocation. Statutory allocation is a portion of the national revenue that is set aside by the federal government for distribution to local governments. This allocation is derived from various sources such as taxes, tariffs, and other forms of revenue generated by the federal government. The allocation is usually distributed on a monthly basis to each local government based on the revenue generated by the federal government. Grants are another source of funding for local governments, but they are not the primary source. Grants are typically provided by the federal or state government for specific projects or initiatives. Loans are also another source of funding, but they are usually not a primary source, as local governments may have to pay back the loans with interest, which can be difficult to do with limited revenue. Fines may generate revenue, but they are not a reliable source of income, as they are dependent on the occurrence of specific events, such as violations of laws or regulations.

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The essence of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) is to foster economic and political cooperation among its member states in West Africa. This means that the organization aims to promote trade and investment among its members, as well as to enhance regional integration and development. Additionally, ECOWAS works to promote peace and security in the region through conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms. In summary, ECOWAS seeks to bring West African countries closer together in order to improve the well-being and prosperity of their people.

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Bye-laws are made by the legislature. Bye-laws are a set of rules or regulations that are made by local authorities or organizations to supplement existing laws or to provide detailed guidance on how to comply with them. These laws can cover a range of issues, including public health and safety, environmental protection, and social conduct. The legislature is responsible for making laws at the national or local level, depending on the jurisdiction. They have the power to create and modify laws that govern the behavior of citizens and organizations within their jurisdiction. In the case of bye-laws, the legislature delegates some of this authority to local authorities or organizations to create specific rules that are relevant to their communities or industries. In summary, the legislature is responsible for making bye-laws to provide detailed guidance on how to comply with existing laws and regulations, and to supplement them where necessary.

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The system of government by the political parties in a democratic country is known as the Party System. A party system is a framework that organizes political parties and their competition for power in a democratic society. It refers to the number of parties that exist in a country, their ideologies, and their relationships with each other. A party system provides a way for citizens to participate in politics, elect representatives, and hold them accountable for their actions. In a party system, political parties compete for public office, with the goal of winning elections and implementing their policies. Different party systems can exist, such as a two-party system, multi-party system, or a dominant-party system. The party system of a country is important as it affects the political stability, the ability to form coalitions, and the representation of various interests in the political process. Therefore, the system of government by the political parties in a democratic country is known as the Party System, which is a crucial element of a functioning democracy.

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The primary reason for the establishment of political parties is to attain political power. Political parties are organizations that are formed by individuals who share similar political beliefs and values, and they seek to gain power by winning elections. The goal of a political party is to put their candidates in positions of authority and influence, so that they can implement their policies and agendas. By winning elections, political parties can gain control of government institutions such as the legislature, executive and judiciary, and use that power to shape the direction of a country's political, social and economic policies. Therefore, the ultimate goal of political parties is to attain political power, which allows them to pursue their political objectives and implement their policies.

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Ensuring that appointment into federal establishment in Nigeria reflect geographical spread is the sole function of the Federal Character Commission. The Federal Character Commission is an agency in Nigeria that is responsible for ensuring that the distribution of federal government appointments and resources is fairly balanced across the country's different states and ethnic groups. The aim of the Commission is to promote national unity and reduce tensions by ensuring that no one region or group feels excluded or marginalized. The Commission carries out its work by collecting data on the demographics of federal employees and comparing it to the population of each state, and making recommendations for how to correct any imbalances.

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The term used for the indirect or illegal dimension of changing the government.

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This constitution was the only constitution that granted Internal authority

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One important agent of political socialization is the political party. Political socialization is the process by which individuals acquire their political attitudes, beliefs, and values. Political parties are important agents of political socialization because they play a significant role in shaping public opinion and influencing the political views of citizens. Political parties are organizations that represent different political ideologies, interests, and values. They provide a platform for individuals to engage in political discussions and participate in political activities. Political parties educate their members about their political views, policies, and candidates through campaign messages, speeches, and other forms of communication. In addition, political parties also help individuals to form a sense of political identity and belonging. They provide a way for citizens to connect with others who share their political views and values, and to work together towards common goals. Overall, political parties are important agents of political socialization because they provide individuals with a framework for understanding and engaging in the political process. They shape the political attitudes, beliefs, and values of citizens, and help to create a sense of political identity and community.

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Constitutionalism emphasizes the rule of law and human rights protection. Constitutionalism refers to the idea that a country's government and its laws are bound by a written constitution that sets out the powers and limitations of each branch of government. This means that the government and its officials are not above the law and must operate within the framework established by the constitution. Constitutionalism also places a strong emphasis on protecting human rights. The constitution typically includes a bill of rights that outlines the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and due process. The government and its officials are required to respect and protect these rights, and individuals have legal recourse if their rights are violated. In summary, constitutionalism is a system of government that prioritizes the rule of law and the protection of human rights through the use of a written constitution.

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Disputes among member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are settled by the Community Tribunal. The Community Tribunal is an independent judicial body within ECOWAS responsible for settling disputes between member states and between individuals and member states. It provides a platform for resolving conflicts and disputes through a fair and impartial legal process, helping to maintain peace and stability within the region.

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The constitutional form with two levels of government is known as a federal system of government. In a federal system, power is shared between a central government and multiple regional governments. Both levels of government have their own distinct powers and responsibilities, as outlined in the constitution. This means that certain matters, such as national defense and foreign policy, are handled by the central government, while other matters, such as education and transportation, may be handled by the regional governments. Each level of government is considered sovereign within its own sphere of authority, which means that neither level can infringe on the other's powers. This balance of power between the central and regional governments helps to prevent any one level from becoming too dominant and infringing on the rights of citizens. Examples of federal systems include the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany.

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A major difference between a pressure group and a political party is that whereas the latter aims at winning power, the former aims at influencing government policies. A political party is an organized group of people with similar political beliefs and goals that seeks to win elections in order to gain control of the government and implement their policies. Political parties aim to have their candidates elected to public office so that they can exercise power and make decisions that reflect their party's principles. On the other hand, a pressure group is a group of individuals or organizations that share a common interest or goal and try to influence government policies and decisions without seeking to win political power. Pressure groups work to promote their specific interests and causes by lobbying politicians, holding protests, engaging in public education campaigns, and using other means to influence public opinion and policy. Therefore, the main objective of a pressure group is to influence the policies of the government rather than to win political power or elections. Unlike political parties, pressure groups do not seek to hold public office or govern the country. Instead, they work to shape public opinion and bring attention to their causes by putting pressure on those in power to adopt policies that align with their goals.

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They are the main body charged with the responsibility of policy-making and representative organ of the UN.

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The first international organisation whose principle was to maintain world peace but later replaced by United Nations

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The problem that has bedevilled many developing societies is known as Corruption. Corruption is when people in positions of power, such as government officials, use their authority for personal gain. This can include taking bribes, misusing government funds, or giving special treatment to certain individuals or companies. Corruption can have serious consequences for a society, including slowing economic growth, reducing the effectiveness of government services, and damaging the public's trust in leaders and institutions.

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This is used to describe situations where the acting person's name is unknown

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The industrial relations system in the USA tremendously influenced the experience of Great Britain, Canada, South America, and India. The industrial relations system refers to the complex web of relationships between employers, employees, and unions in the workplace. The American system of industrial relations, which emerged in the early 20th century, had a significant impact on the development of labor relations in other countries around the world. For example, in Great Britain, the trade union movement drew inspiration from the American labor movement, adopting many of its tactics and strategies for collective bargaining and industrial action. Similarly, in Canada, the American model of industrial relations influenced the development of labor law and the structure of labor-management relations. In South America, the American model of industrial relations was introduced by American companies operating in the region, and it had a significant impact on the development of labor relations in those countries. In India, the American model of industrial relations played a role in the development of the country's labor laws and the formation of trade unions. In summary, the American model of industrial relations had a significant impact on the development of labor relations in many countries around the world, including Great Britain, Canada, South America, and India.

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They do not have the constitutional right to approve bill

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Participation on government process on a regional level led to early motion for self government.

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The correct term is "separation of powers." Separation of powers is a system of government in which power is divided among different branches, such as the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The purpose of this system is to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful or abusing its authority. In this system, each branch has its own distinct responsibilities and powers, and these powers are carefully balanced to prevent any one branch from becoming dominant. For example, the legislative branch is responsible for making laws, the executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws, and the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting laws. The separation of powers is an important principle in many modern democracies, including the United States, and is intended to promote accountability, prevent abuse of power, and ensure that government serves the interests of the people.

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The name of the motion brought before the chamber asking that leave be given to bring in a bill is "leave." In parliamentary procedure, "leave" refers to the permission or authorization granted to a member to introduce a bill to the chamber. Before a bill can be formally introduced, the member must first seek the leave of the house by making a motion to that effect. This is often called the "leave to introduce" motion. If the motion for leave is granted, the member can then introduce the bill to the chamber. If the motion is not granted, the bill cannot be introduced at that time. The granting of leave is usually a formality, and is often given without debate or opposition, unless the bill is controversial or raises significant concerns among the members of the chamber.