JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018

The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in

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The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in two main areas: Kenya and Tanzania, and Sudan and Ethiopia. In Kenya and Tanzania, the Great Rift Valley runs through the region and is home to some of the most iconic volcanic features on the continent. The valley is characterized by a series of interconnected volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, and lakes. The most famous volcanic peaks in the area are Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and Mount Meru. In Sudan and Ethiopia, the East African Rift Valley also runs through the region and is another hotspot for volcanic activity. The valley is home to a number of active and dormant volcanoes, including Erta Ale, Nyiragongo, and Mount Karthala. In addition, the region is known for its geothermal activity, with numerous hot springs and geysers dotting the landscape. Both of these regions are characterized by their tectonic activity, with the movement of the Earth's crust leading to the formation of rift valleys, which in turn create the conditions for volcanic activity. The result is a stunning and unique landscape that draws visitors from all over the world.

Lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are__________

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The lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are called Isohel. Isohel is a type of contour line that connects all the points on a map that receive the same amount of sunlight in a given period, usually a day or a year. These lines are similar to contour lines on a topographic map that connect points of equal elevation. Isohels are used to show areas with similar amounts of sunshine and can be used to analyze patterns in climate and weather. For example, isohel maps can help identify areas with higher or lower amounts of sunlight and help to plan agriculture, solar power generation, and other activities that depend on sunlight.

One of the following does not determine the availability of resources in a country____________

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Evolution does not determine the availability of resources in a country. Evolution refers to the gradual changes in species over time through the process of natural selection. It has no direct effect on the availability of resources in a country. Population, emigration, and morbidity, on the other hand, can influence the availability of resources in a country. A large population can lead to increased demand for resources, while emigration can decrease the number of people using those resources. Morbidity, or the rate of illness and disease in a population, can also impact the availability of resources, as a large portion of the population may require medical attention and resources.

Use the map below to answer the question. The major environmental problems associated with the area marked Y is

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How long does it take the mercury to make a complete revolution?

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The answer is 88 days. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, and it orbits around the Sun at a very fast pace. It takes approximately 88 Earth days for Mercury to make one complete orbit around the Sun. This means that Mercury completes about 4 orbits in the time it takes Earth to complete 1 orbit. Because of its fast orbit and close proximity to the Sun, Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations, with temperatures ranging from over 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day to -290 degrees Fahrenheit at night.

Use the map below to answer the question. The most important minerals found in the area marked X are

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'It is a port that specializes in receiving and redistributing goods to the neighboring countries'. Which of the following ports is described in the preceding statement?

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The port described in the statement is an Entrepôt. An entrepôt is a port or a place where goods are stored temporarily before being re-exported to other countries. It acts as a distribution center for goods, receiving them from one place and then redistributing them to other places. A ferry port is a place where ferries arrive and depart, carrying passengers and vehicles across bodies of water. An outport is a smaller port that is located away from the main port and is usually used for loading and unloading goods. A river port is a port located on a river and is used for loading and unloading goods and passengers along the river.

Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?

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When the moon comes in between the earth and the sun________

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A solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the earth and the sun. During a solar eclipse, the moon blocks the sun's light and casts a shadow on the earth. This causes a temporary darkness in the middle of the day and is a spectacular sight to see. Solar eclipses can only happen during a full moon and are relatively rare events. They occur because the moon and the sun are exactly in line with the earth and the moon's shadow falls on the earth.

The dominant foreign exchange earner of Senegal is

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The dominant foreign exchange earner of Senegal is groundnut. Groundnut, also known as peanut, is one of the main agricultural crops grown in Senegal. It is a versatile crop that can be used for food, oil, and animal feed. Groundnuts are an important source of income for many farmers in Senegal, and the country is one of the largest producers of groundnuts in Africa. The export of groundnuts is a significant source of foreign exchange for Senegal. The country exports groundnuts to various international markets, including Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. In addition to groundnuts, Senegal also exports other agricultural products such as fish, fruits, and vegetables, as well as textiles and chemicals. However, groundnuts remain the main foreign exchange earner for the country.

An instrument used for setting out right angle in surveying a parcel of land is

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Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them

The ocean that connects Europe and America is the__________

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The ocean that connects Europe and America is the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world, after the Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of about 106 million square kilometers and is bordered by Europe and Africa to the east, and by North and South America to the west. The Atlantic Ocean is important for global trade, as it provides a shipping route between Europe and America, and also plays a major role in the Earth's climate system.

'It is universal and can reach almost every where'. Which transport mode is being referred to ?

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The transport mode that is being referred to as universal and can reach almost everywhere is the road transport. Road transport refers to the movement of people, goods, or materials on roads using vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles. The road network is extensive and well-developed in most parts of the world, making it possible for vehicles to reach even the most remote areas. Road transport is flexible and can adapt to different types of cargo, from small packages to large containers. It can also accommodate different types of trips, from short local trips to long-distance journeys. This versatility makes it an important mode of transport for both personal and commercial use. Overall, road transport is a crucial component of modern transportation systems and plays a significant role in the economy and daily life of people around the world.

Which of the following is not a proof to show that the earth is spherical in shape?

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The option that is not a proof to show that the Earth is spherical in shape is "twilight and dawn." While sunrise, sunset, ships visibility, and lunar eclipse are all evidence that supports the idea that the Earth is a sphere, twilight and dawn are not necessarily proof of this shape. Twilight and dawn occur when the Sun is just below the horizon and its light is scattered by the Earth's atmosphere, creating a soft, diffuse light. While this phenomenon is consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere, it is not unique to this shape and could also occur on other types of celestial bodies. In contrast, sunrise and sunset occur because the Earth's spherical shape causes the Sun's light to be blocked from certain parts of the planet as it rotates on its axis. Ships visibility and lunar eclipses are also consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere because they demonstrate the way that a sphere can obstruct light and shadow.

A mercury barometer is used for measuring_________

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A mercury barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air molecules in the atmosphere. It is an important parameter that affects weather patterns and other natural phenomena. A mercury barometer consists of a long glass tube filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury. The mercury in the tube rises or falls depending on the atmospheric pressure. When the atmospheric pressure is high, the weight of the air above the barometer pushes down on the surface of the mercury in the dish, forcing the mercury in the tube to rise. Conversely, when the atmospheric pressure is low, the weight of the air above the barometer is less, and the mercury in the tube falls. By measuring the height of the mercury column in the tube, the atmospheric pressure can be determined. The standard unit of atmospheric pressure is the Pascal (Pa), but barometric pressure is often measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or inches of mercury (inHg). In summary, a mercury barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure by observing the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube.

Which of the following countries has the least potential for the production of steel?

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Among the options given, Cuba has the least potential for the production of steel. Cuba is a small island country in the Caribbean with a limited supply of natural resources, including iron ore and coal, which are essential raw materials for steel production. Cuba's iron reserves are low-quality and require significant processing to be suitable for steelmaking. Additionally, Cuba has limited access to modern steelmaking technology and expertise, which further restricts its potential for steel production. On the other hand, India, Japan, and Germany have significant potential for steel production. India is one of the world's largest producers of steel, with abundant iron ore reserves and a highly skilled workforce. Japan and Germany are also major players in the global steel industry, with advanced technology and ample access to raw materials.

Organic components of the soil include all the following except_______

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The organic components of the soil include microorganisms, humus, and animal remains. The correct answer, therefore, is "rock pedestal." Rock pedestal, also known as bedrock, is a non-organic component of the soil. It is the solid, underlying layer of rock that makes up the Earth's crust. Bedrock does not contain any organic material, and it does not contribute to the fertility of the soil. On the other hand, the organic components of soil are essential for healthy plant growth. Microorganisms break down organic matter into nutrients that plants can absorb, while humus provides a rich source of nutrients for plant growth. Animal remains, such as dead insects or animal waste, can also provide organic material for the soil. In summary, while microorganisms, humus, and animal remains are all examples of organic components of soil, rock pedestal is a non-organic component and does not contribute to the fertility of the soil.

The Farthest planet from the sun in the solar system is_______

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The farthest planet from the Sun in the solar system is Pluto. Pluto used to be considered the ninth planet in the solar system, but it was reclassified as a "dwarf planet" in 2006. Pluto's distance from the Sun varies because it has an elliptical orbit, which means that its distance from the Sun changes throughout its orbit. On average, Pluto is about 3.7 billion miles (5.9 billion kilometers) away from the Sun. This makes it much farther from the Sun than any of the eight "traditional" planets in the solar system, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. So, to summarize, Pluto is the farthest planet from the Sun in our solar system, even though it's now classified as a dwarf planet.

The earth is enveloped by a mixture of gases referred to as the___________

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The answer is "atmosphere". The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. The atmosphere protects the Earth from the harmful radiation from the sun and helps to regulate the temperature of the planet. It is divided into several layers, including the troposphere (where weather occurs) and the stratosphere (where the ozone layer is located). The atmosphere is essential for life on Earth, as it provides the air we breathe and plays a crucial role in the Earth's water cycle.

One basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar and Nkalagu is

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The basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu is limestone. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of calcium carbonate, which is a mineral that is commonly found in the Earth's crust. It is a very versatile mineral that has a wide range of applications, including in the construction industry, as a raw material for cement production, and in agriculture as a soil conditioner. Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu are all regions in Nigeria that have abundant deposits of limestone. The limestone in these areas is of high quality and is a significant source of revenue for the local economy. It is usually mined from quarries and then processed into various forms for its different uses. Therefore, the basic mineral that is common to all these areas is limestone, which is an essential raw material for various industries and is vital for economic growth and development.

A desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation is___________

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Egypt is a desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops and lands to help them grow. In Egypt, the Nile River provides water for irrigation, allowing agriculture to flourish and supporting the country's large population. This is why Egypt is considered a good example of a desert country with a high population density that is supported by irrigation.

All the following are environmental hazards except___________

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The environmental hazard among the given options that is not included is afforestation. Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees in an area where there was no forest, or the forest has been destroyed, and it is typically seen as a positive action for the environment. On the other hand, the other three options are environmental hazards that can have negative impacts on people and the environment. Flooding, for example, can lead to property damage, displacement of people, and loss of life. Vulcanicity, which refers to the movement of magma and volcanic activity, can result in the release of toxic gases, destruction of property, and loss of life. Deforestation, which is the clearing of forests for various human activities, can cause soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and contribute to climate change.

The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions my mechanical weathering is called_______

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The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions by mechanical weathering is called "Pediplains". Pediplains are a type of plain that form as a result of the gradual erosion and weathering of mountains and hills. They typically occur in arid and semi-arid regions where there is little vegetation to protect the land from erosion. Over time, as the wind, rain, and other natural forces wear away at the mountain slopes, sediment is carried downhill and deposited on the surrounding plain. This sediment can be made up of rocks, sand, and soil, and can create a relatively flat and gently sloping plain that extends out from the base of the mountain. Unlike other types of plains, such as alluvial plains or outwash plains, which are formed by water deposition, pediplains are formed by the mechanical weathering and erosion of rock and soil. They are typically found in regions where there is little precipitation and where the climate is dry and hot, which can help to speed up the weathering process.

A broad-based population pyramid is composed mainly

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A broad-based population pyramid is composed mainly of young dependants and active inhabitants. This means that there are more people in the younger age brackets (typically 0-14 years old) and a significant proportion of the population is in the working age bracket (typically 15-64 years old). The number of elderly people (typically 65 years and above) in this type of pyramid is relatively small. Broad-based population pyramids are typically associated with countries that have high birth rates and lower life expectancies. In these countries, the younger population tends to be larger and the older population tends to be smaller due to factors such as high infant mortality rates and shorter life spans. The larger working-age population in these countries can be a potential source of economic growth if they are able to find employment and contribute to the country's development.

If the distance between two places on a map is 2cm, while the distance on land is 4km, the scale of the map is

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The scale of a map is the ratio of the distance on the map to the actual distance on land. It is usually written as a fraction, like 1:100,000, where the first number represents the distance on the map and the second number represents the corresponding distance on land. To find the scale of the map in question, we need to divide the actual distance on land (4km) by the distance on the map (2cm). First, we need to convert 4 km to cm: 4 km = 4 x 10^3 m = 4 x 10^3 x 100 cm = 4 x 10^5 cm Now, we divide the actual distance on land (4 x 10^5 cm) by the distance on the map (2 cm): (4 x 10^5 cm) / (2 cm) = 2 x 10^5 So the scale of the map is 1 : 2 x 10^5, which is equivalent to 1:200,000.

Which of these hazard would most like result directly from deforestation?

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Deforestation is the clearing of trees and other vegetation in a forested area. One of the most likely hazards that can result directly from deforestation is soil erosion. When trees are cut down, the roots that held the soil in place are also removed, leaving the soil exposed and vulnerable to erosion by wind and rain. With no tree cover to protect the soil, rainwater can wash away the topsoil, leading to soil erosion. This process can cause the soil to become less fertile, which can make it difficult for plants to grow and can ultimately lead to desertification. Additionally, deforestation can also lead to changes in the water cycle, which can result in decreased water availability, increased flooding, and other forms of water pollution. However, these hazards are less directly linked to deforestation than soil erosion.

One of the leading industrial nations of the world ranking second in manufacturing output after the USA is__________

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Manufacturing industry in Japan is the most diversified with various advanced industries which are exceedingly successful. Japan's major export industries includes automobiles, consumer electronics, computers, semiconductors, and iron and steel. Additionally, key industries in Japan's economy are mining, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, bioindustry, shipbuilding, aerospace, textiles, and processed foods

A type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny is a

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A fold mountain is a type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny. In simple terms, orogeny is the process of mountain building, which occurs when two tectonic plates collide and push up the land between them. This process causes the rock layers to bend, fold and become uplifted, creating a fold mountain. Examples of fold mountains include the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Himalayas in Asia.

Study the table given which shows the mean climatic conditions of station Q and answer the questions.

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The annual temperature range at station Q is calculated as the difference between the highest and the lowest temperature recorded in a year. The highest temperature recorded at the station in the given table is 19°C and the lowest temperature recorded is -11°C. Hence, the annual temperature range at the station Q is 19°C - (-11°C) = 30°C. So, the answer is 30°C.

What type of climate has the station___________

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Climate is the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

All the following are examples of intrusive volcanic features except____________

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Intrusive vulcanicity involves the solidification of molten magma within the earth's crust

The lack of access to food in some parts of the world emanates from

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Study the map and answer the question. The bearing of Jata from Adaba is approximately

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To determine the approximate bearing of Jata from Adaba using the map, we need to look at the compass rose and use the scale provided. Looking at the compass rose, we can see that North is pointing towards the top of the map. To find the bearing of Jata from Adaba, we need to draw a straight line from Adaba to Jata on the map, and then measure the angle between this line and North using a protractor. Measuring this angle, we can see that it is approximately 21 degrees. Therefore, the bearing of Jata from Adaba is approximately 21°. Note that this is an approximation since we are using a ruler and protractor on a printed map, which may not be completely accurate. Additionally, the actual bearing of Jata from Adaba may differ slightly depending on the specific route taken.

The feature marked X in the diagram is a ________

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A sea stack is a geological land form consisting of a steep and often vertical column of rock in the sea near a coast.,formed by wave erosion.

The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as____________

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The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as plantation agriculture. Plantation agriculture refers to a large-scale farming system where a single crop is grown on a large piece of land, usually in tropical countries. This type of agriculture is characterized by the use of large amounts of land, labor, and capital to cultivate crops such as rubber, sugar, coffee, cocoa, and tea. These crops are grown for commercial purposes, and the aim is to produce large quantities of a single product for export. The crops are typically grown in monoculture, which means that only one type of crop is grown in a particular area. This type of agriculture is often associated with the exploitation of workers, environmental degradation, and social and economic inequality.

Fluid basic lava flow is likely to give rise to a volcanic_____________

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A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

If the time at the Greenwich Meridian is 11.00am, what would the local time be at a place 750W?

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Time at GMT is 11am, 150 = 1 hour, 750 gives us 5 hours

  The West looses, therefore

  11am - 5hours = 6:00am.

  Option D is the right answer, all other options are wrong

A form of chemical weathering is__________

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The form of chemical weathering is carbonation. Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering that occurs when carbon dioxide from the air reacts with minerals in rocks to form new compounds. This reaction causes the minerals in the rock to dissolve and the rock to become weaker and eventually break down into smaller pieces. This process is important in the formation of soil, as it helps break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles that can be easily transported and mixed into the soil.

If the time in New York (75°W) is 5.00pm, The time in Nigeria(15°E) will be

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New York (75°W) is 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC-5) and Nigeria (15°E) is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+1). Therefore, there is a time difference of 6 hours between New York and Nigeria. When it is 5.00pm in New York, we can add 6 hours to find the time in Nigeria: 5.00pm in New York + 6 hours = 11.00pm in Nigeria So the correct answer is 11.00pm.

Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature marked X in the diagram is a

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The feature marked X in the diagram is a cliff. A cliff is a high and steep rock face or earth surface that drops abruptly from a higher to a lower level. It can also be defined as a steep slope or vertical surface, especially one at the edge of a body of water like the ocean or a lake. The diagram shows a rocky surface that slopes down dramatically towards the water, which is a clear indication that it is a cliff.