JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2022

Maelezo ya Majibu

The term that describes accessing files from a computer other than the one where the files are stored is "remote access". Remote access means that you can access files, data or resources from a different computer or server that is located elsewhere, using a network connection like the internet. This allows you to work with files and data as if they were stored on your local computer, even though they are actually stored on a different computer or server. For example, if you are working from home and need to access files that are stored on your work computer, you can use remote access to connect to your work computer over the internet and access those files. Similarly, if you use cloud storage services like Dropbox or Google Drive, you can access your files from any computer with an internet connection, which is also a form of remote access.

Maelezo ya Majibu

System software has the major function of controlling and managing the computer system. It is a type of software that acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the user applications. System software is responsible for coordinating the activities and sharing of resources of the computer hardware, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage. It also provides basic services for other software, such as file management, security, and memory management. Examples of system software include operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. The primary goal of system software is to provide an environment for the smooth and efficient operation of the computer and its components.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The binary system has a radix of 2. The radix of a number system is the number of unique digits used in that system. For example, in the decimal system (base 10), the radix is 10, because we use 10 unique digits (0 to 9) to represent numbers. In the binary system (base 2), the radix is 2, because we only use 2 unique digits: 0 and 1. This means that every number can be represented as a combination of only 0s and 1s in the binary system.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The option that is not used to navigate in a computer is the scanner. A scanner is a device used to convert physical documents and images into digital format so that they can be stored and processed on a computer. It is not used to navigate a computer, but rather to input physical content into it. On the other hand, the cursor, keyboard, and mouse are all used for navigating a computer. The cursor, typically controlled by a mouse, touchpad or trackpad, allows you to select items and move around the screen. The keyboard is used to input text and commands, and the mouse is used to click and drag items on the screen. So in summary, the scanner is not used for navigating a computer, whereas the cursor, keyboard, and mouse are commonly used for this purpose.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Dividing a number by zero is an impossible mathematical operation, which leads to a type of error called an "Arithmetic error". When a program encounters such an operation, it is unable to perform the calculation, and it generates an error message to indicate the issue. Arithmetic errors are a type of runtime error because they occur during the execution of the program, rather than during the compilation or writing of the code (syntax errors). Logical errors are different from arithmetic errors because they occur when the program's logic is flawed, leading to incorrect results. So, in summary, dividing by zero results in an arithmetic error because it is a mathematical impossibility that cannot be computed.

Maelezo ya Majibu

An example of software is Operating Systems. Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. It is a type of computer program that is designed to perform specific tasks on a computer or other electronic device. Operating systems are a type of software that controls the basic functions of a computer, such as managing its memory and processing power, and providing a platform for other software to run on. A Joystick, Keyboard, and Mouse are examples of hardware, which are physical devices that are used to input information into a computer or other electronic device.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Supercomputers are high-performance computers designed for handling extremely complex and large-scale computational tasks. They are mainly used for mathematical intensive scientific applications, such as simulating complex physical phenomena, weather forecasting, and drug discovery. Supercomputers can perform a vast number of calculations in a short amount of time, which is essential for solving complex problems. These computers are designed to handle massive amounts of data and perform complex algorithms, making them ideal for handling input-output intensive processing tasks. Although they can retrieve data and manipulate records like any other computer, their true power lies in their ability to perform mathematical calculations and simulations that would be impossible for regular computers. Supercomputers are used in a wide range of fields, including aerospace, automotive, energy, finance, and healthcare, to name a few. Their use has led to breakthroughs in many fields and has contributed significantly to scientific and technological advancements.

Maelezo ya Majibu

A keyboard is usually made up of around 101 to 105 keys, depending on the type and model of the keyboard. The most common keyboard layout is called the QWERTY layout, which includes letters, numbers, and various symbols and functions. The number of keys can vary based on the size of the keyboard and additional features, such as multimedia buttons or a numeric keypad. Overall, the number of keys on a keyboard can range from a basic 101-key layout to a more advanced 105-key layout with additional buttons.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The combination of the arithmetic and logic units, as well as the control unit makes up the central processing unit (CPU). A CPU is the "brain" of a computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. The arithmetic and logic units (ALU) are the parts of the CPU that perform mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as logical operations, such as AND, OR, and NOT. The control unit is responsible for controlling the flow of data and instructions within the CPU and between the CPU and other parts of the computer, such as memory and input/output devices. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them to determine what operation to perform, and then directs the ALU to perform the operation. In summary, the combination of the ALU and control unit makes up the CPU, which is responsible for processing data and instructions and performing calculations in a computer.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Firefox is an example of application software. Application software is any computer program designed to perform specific tasks or provide a specific functionality to the user. It is created to help the user with various tasks such as creating documents, browsing the internet, editing photos and videos, or playing games. Application software is generally designed to be easy to use and is intended for non-technical users. Firefox is a web browser that allows users to browse the internet, access web content, and perform various online tasks. It is a standalone software application that is installed on a computer or mobile device and is used to perform a specific function. Therefore, Firefox is an example of application software.

Maelezo ya Majibu

"Joy stick" is not a type of computer application. A computer application, also known as an application or app, is a program that runs on a computer and provides a specific set of functions for the user to perform. Examples of computer applications include Microsoft Word for word processing, Firefox for web browsing, and VLC media player for playing audio and video files. A joy stick, on the other hand, is a device used to control movement in computer games or simulations. It typically consists of a stick that can be moved in different directions to control the movement of an object on the screen. Joy sticks are not considered applications because they do not provide specific functions like a word processor or media player, but rather serve as input devices for other applications.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The touchpad of a laptop serves the same function as a mouse. A touchpad is a flat surface on the laptop that you can slide your finger on to move the cursor on the screen. Just like a mouse, you can use the touchpad to select, click, and scroll. It provides an alternative to using a traditional mouse for navigation on the laptop.

Maelezo ya Majibu

An analog computer is a type of computer that processes continuously varying data. This means that it is designed to work with data that changes smoothly and continuously over time, rather than data that is discrete or intermittently changing. For example, an analog computer could be used to solve complex mathematical equations or simulate physical systems that involve continuous variables, such as temperature, pressure, or velocity. These types of systems can be difficult to model using digital computers, which work with discrete values that are represented by binary digits (bits). Analog computers use physical components, such as resistors, capacitors, and amplifiers, to process the input data. These components are connected in circuits that can perform mathematical operations, such as addition, multiplication, and integration. The output of an analog computer is also a continuous signal that can be measured and displayed using analog devices, such as oscilloscopes and chart recorders. Overall, analog computers are useful for solving problems that involve continuous data and require high-speed processing. However, they are less versatile than digital computers and can be more difficult to program and maintain.

Maelezo ya Majibu

There are some devices that can be used as both input and output devices. These are: 1. Touch screen monitor: A touch screen monitor can be used as both an input and output device. It can display information to the user and also accept input from them through touch. 2. Digitizer: A digitizer is another device that can act as both an input and output device. It is used to convert analog signals, such as handwriting or sketches, into digital form. It can also display the digital output on a screen. In contrast, devices like a scanner and speaker are typically designed to perform just one function. A scanner is primarily an input device that converts physical documents into digital images, while a speaker is an output device that produces sound. To summarize, touch screen monitors and digitizers can be used as both input and output devices, while scanners and speakers are typically limited to a single function.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The acronym "IP address" stands for "Internet Protocol address". An IP address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device connected to the internet. Think of it like a phone number for your computer or other device. When you visit a website, your device sends a request to the website's IP address and then the website responds by sending the requested information back to your device's IP address. This is how devices on the internet communicate with each other.

Maelezo ya Majibu

A display listing of program options which users can select is called a menu. A menu is a list of options or choices that are presented to the user within a software program or an operating system. The user can then select one of the options from the menu to perform a specific task or access a specific feature. The menu is typically displayed as a list of text items or sometimes as a list of icons.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The example of an output device is a speaker. An output device is any device that receives information or data from a computer or electronic device and presents or displays it to the user in a perceivable format. In the case of a speaker, it receives sound data from a computer or electronic device and produces audible sound waves that can be heard by the user. Speakers are commonly used to play music, watch videos or movies, and listen to audio from video games. On the other hand, a keyboard and mouse are examples of input devices because they allow the user to input data or commands into a computer or electronic device. Similarly, a microphone is also an input device as it converts sound waves into electrical signals that can be processed by a computer or electronic device.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Among the options given, critical thinking is not a model used in problem solving. Critical thinking is a mental process that involves analyzing and evaluating information, reasoning, and making decisions. It is a skill that is used to approach problems in a thoughtful and logical way. However, it is not a formal problem-solving model that provides a structured approach to solving a problem. On the other hand, SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle), waterfall, and prototype are models used in problem solving. SDLC is a structured approach used to develop and maintain software. It involves a series of phases that includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. This model provides a framework to guide the development of software systems. Waterfall is a linear sequential approach to software development where each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin. It is a model used to manage the development of software systems, and it emphasizes the importance of planning and documentation. Prototype is a model used in problem solving where a working model of a product or solution is developed to test and refine its features and functionalities. It is used to gather feedback and identify areas for improvement before the final product is developed. In summary, critical thinking is a mental process that is used in problem solving, but it is not a formal problem-solving model. SDLC, waterfall, and prototype are examples of problem-solving models that provide structured approaches to solving problems in various fields.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

A computer can be used for entertainment, information, and social media, so the answer is "none of the above". Computers are versatile machines that can perform a wide variety of tasks, including playing games, streaming videos, accessing news and other information, and connecting with others on social media platforms. While some computers may be designed or optimized for certain types of tasks, such as gaming or video editing, all computers are capable of handling entertainment, information, and social media to some extent. Therefore, the answer to this question is that there is no option that describes something a computer cannot be used for among the given choices.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The test used to determine if a computer has the ability to think is called the Turing test. The Turing test was proposed by the mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing as a way to determine if a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. The test involves a human evaluator who engages in a natural language conversation with a machine and a human, without knowing which is which, and tries to determine which is the machine based on their responses. If the evaluator is unable to reliably distinguish the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the Turing test and demonstrated human-like intelligence.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The correct answer is "data conversion." Data conversion refers to the process of changing the format of computer data from one type to another. This may involve converting data from one file format to another, such as converting a document from Microsoft Word format to PDF. It can also involve converting data from one data type to another, such as converting a string of text to a numerical value. Data conversion can be important for many reasons, such as ensuring compatibility between different software programs, preserving data in a usable format over time, and improving the efficiency of data processing. For example, converting data to a more efficient format can reduce the amount of storage space needed, which can be important when dealing with large amounts of data. In summary, data conversion is the process of changing the format or type of computer data to make it usable in different contexts or more efficient to process.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation software application. This means that it is a program used to create visual aids or slideshows that are intended to enhance a live presentation. It allows users to create and design professional-looking slides that can contain text, images, videos, charts, and graphs. These slides can be used to convey information, ideas, or messages in a clear and visually appealing way. PowerPoint is often used in business, education, and other settings where presentations are a common means of communication. It is not a graphing or gaming software, nor is it considered a productivity software in the same sense as a word processor or spreadsheet program.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The domain name of a website is also its IP address. Every device that connects to the internet, including websites, is assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address, which is a numerical label. However, remembering a long string of numbers is difficult, so domain names were created to serve as more memorable and recognizable names for websites. When you type a domain name into your web browser's address bar, your browser sends a request to a Domain Name System (DNS) server, which translates the domain name into its corresponding IP address. The IP address is then used to locate the website's server on the internet and retrieve the website's content, which is then displayed in your browser. So, while the domain name is what we typically use to identify a website, it ultimately maps to its underlying IP address, which is used to connect to the website's server and retrieve its content.

Maelezo ya Majibu

ios is not a programming language. HTML, Java, and C++ are all programming languages, while ios is an operating system created by Apple Inc. for its mobile devices, such as the iPhone and iPad. Programming languages are used to write computer programs, while operating systems provide a platform for those programs to run on.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Information is the combination of already processed data. Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts and figures. For example, a list of numbers or a set of survey answers are data. Information is created when data is processed, organized, and given meaning. For example, taking the average of the numbers in the list would turn the data into meaningful information.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Computer softwares like iOS, Ubuntu, Chrome OS are classified as operating systems, also known as system software. An operating system is a type of software that acts as the backbone of a computer, managing its resources and allowing other software to run on it. It controls the hardware, such as the CPU, memory, and storage, and provides a platform for other software to run on. This includes basic functions like managing files, running applications, and providing access to the internet. In short, the operating system is what makes a computer work and provides a foundation for other software to run on.

Maelezo ya Majibu

LAN stands for "Local Area Network". A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that connects devices in a relatively small area, such as a single building or a group of adjacent buildings. A LAN is used for sharing resources, such as printers, files, and internet connections, among the connected devices. Typically, a LAN is set up using Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi connections, and it may include a router, switch or hub to manage the flow of data between the connected devices. A LAN can be used in a variety of settings, including homes, schools, and businesses, where it can provide a more efficient way of sharing resources and communicating between devices. In summary, LAN stands for "Local Area Network", which is a computer network that connects devices in a small area, such as a building or group of buildings, and is used for sharing resources among the connected devices.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Microsoft Word is not a network for the distribution of information. Microsoft Word is a word processing software that is used to create, edit, and format documents. It is not a network because it does not distribute information, it is used to create and store information on a single device or in a cloud storage service. On the other hand, cloud storage, several computers to one printer, and e-mail are all examples of networks that distribute information.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Computer files can be characterized by their title, accessibility, ability to be modified, and where they are stored. The title of a file is simply its name, which can be used to help identify and organize it among other files. Accessibility refers to whether or not a file can be accessed or viewed by the user. Depending on the permissions set by the owner of the file, it may be accessible to everyone, only to specific users, or not accessible at all. The ability to be modified refers to whether or not the file can be edited or changed in some way. For example, a text file can be modified by adding, deleting, or changing the text within it. Where the file is stored refers to the location on a computer or network where the file is saved. This could be on the computer's hard drive, a USB drive, a cloud storage service, or a network server. Therefore, all four of these characteristics are applicable to computer files and are important to consider when working with them.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Firefox is an example of application software. Application software is a type of software that is designed to perform specific tasks for the user, such as creating documents, browsing the web, sending emails, etc. In other words, it is a program that is used to accomplish specific tasks and is meant to be used by the end-user, as opposed to system software, which is designed to run the computer itself and support the application software. Firefox is a web browser, which is a type of application software that allows users to access, browse and interact with websites on the Internet.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The explorer bar is divided into several categories. The exact number of categories can vary depending on the software and version you are using. The categories typically include items such as "File & Folders", "Search", "History", and "Favorites". The explorer bar provides a user-friendly interface for navigating and accessing different areas of your computer or device, and the categories help to organize and categorize the different types of information and resources that are available. The explorer bar is a common feature in many operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, and is used for accessing and managing files, folders, and other resources on your computer.

Maelezo ya Majibu

A computer cannot boot if it does not have an operating system (OS). An operating system is the most basic software that runs on a computer and is responsible for managing and coordinating all the activities of the computer hardware and software. It is the first program that runs when the computer starts up, and it is responsible for initializing the hardware and loading other software, such as device drivers and applications. Without an operating system, the computer would not be able to perform any useful tasks, as it would not have the necessary software to control and manage its hardware components. Examples of popular operating systems include Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The operating system controls the way in which a computer system functions and provides a means by which users can interact with the computer. The operating system (OS) is a type of software that manages and controls the hardware and software resources of a computer system. It provides a common platform for different types of applications to run on the computer and enables users to interact with the computer by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command line interface (CLI). The operating system performs various tasks, such as managing the computer's memory, processing input and output requests, controlling peripheral devices, and providing a file system for storing and retrieving data. It also provides security features, such as user authentication and access control, to protect the computer system from unauthorized access. The operating system is a fundamental component of any computer system, and it enables users to interact with the computer by providing a user-friendly interface. It acts as an intermediary between the hardware and the applications, making it possible for different programs to run on the same computer and share resources such as memory, CPU time, and disk space. In summary, the operating system is the software that controls the way in which a computer system functions and provides a means by which users can interact with the computer, by managing and controlling the hardware and software resources of the system and providing a platform for different types of applications to run.

Maelezo ya Majibu

A computer monitor is also known as a VDU, which stands for "Visual Display Unit." This is because the monitor is responsible for displaying the visual output of the computer, allowing you to see the information, images, videos, and graphics that are generated by the computer's software. The VDU or monitor is an essential part of any computer setup, and without it, you wouldn't be able to interact with your computer in a meaningful way. So, in short, a computer monitor and a VDU are the same thing! As for the other options, DVU, UVD, and CCTV are not commonly used terms for a computer monitor.

Maelezo ya Majibu

An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages a computer's hardware and software resources. Simply put, it acts as a bridge between the computer's hardware and the applications you run on it. An operating system is responsible for several important tasks, including: - Memory Management: It manages the computer's memory and makes sure that programs are running efficiently and that there's enough memory available when you need it. - File Management: It keeps track of all the files on the computer and organizes them in a way that makes it easy for you to find what you need. - Application Management: It launches and runs the applications you want to use and ensures that they run smoothly and don't interfere with each other. In short, an operating system is like a traffic cop for your computer, making sure that everything runs smoothly and efficiently.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The correct answer is "Identity Theft." Identity theft occurs when someone pretends to be another person by stealing their personal information, such as their name, social security number, or credit card information, in order to commit fraud or other illegal activities. The thief may use this information to open bank accounts, make purchases, or apply for loans in the victim's name, causing financial harm and damaging the victim's credit score. It can happen both in the physical world (e.g. someone stealing your mail or wallet) and online (e.g. someone hacking into your social media or email account). It is important to take steps to protect your personal information and monitor your financial accounts to prevent identity theft.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The correct answer is "bugs and viruses." Bugs are errors or defects in computer software that can cause the system to behave unexpectedly or not function properly. They can affect the efficiency and effectiveness of a computer system by slowing it down, causing crashes, or producing incorrect results. Viruses, on the other hand, are malicious software programs that can infect a computer system and cause harm. They can also affect the effectiveness of a computer system by causing it to slow down or crash, stealing personal information, or spreading to other systems. Anti-virus programs are software tools designed to detect and remove viruses from a computer system. While they can help mitigate the negative effects of viruses, they are not a complete solution and cannot prevent all types of viruses from infecting a system.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The process of feeding instructions into a computer system is called "inputting." It involves providing data, commands, or other types of information to a computer system so that it can process and execute the instructions. When you input data or commands into a computer system, you typically use an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, or microphone to provide the information. The computer then processes the input data using its internal logic and algorithms, and generates an output based on the instructions it received. For example, when you type a document using a keyboard and input the data into a word processing software, the computer processes the text and generates an output in the form of a document that you can save, print, or share. In summary, inputting is the process of providing information or instructions to a computer system, which is then processed and executed by the computer to generate an output.

Maelezo ya Majibu