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Pergunta 1 Relatório
Which ancient civilization built the Great Zimbabwe?
Detalhes da Resposta
The Great Zimbabwe was built by the Shona civilization. The correct option that matches this answer is "The Shona'. The Shona people constructed the Great Zimbabwe, which was a significant ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Pergunta 2 Relatório
Which of the following social changes was a direct result of urbanization in colonial Nigeria?
Detalhes da Resposta
Urbanization in colonial Nigeria resulted in significant social changes. Among the options provided, the growth of labor unions and political activism was a direct outcome of urbanization.
Here's why:
1. **Emergence of New Economic Opportunities:** As cities grew, they became centers of economic activities, providing job opportunities in industries, transport, trade, and administration. People from various backgrounds, including rural areas, migrated to urban centers in search of better opportunities.
2. **Increase in Labor Force:** The influx of people into cities resulted in a significant increase in the labor force. This concentrated workforce found themselves with a common interest in improving their working and living conditions, which laid the foundation for the formation of labor unions.
3. **Formation of Unions:** Labor unions were formed to address issues such as fair wages, decent working conditions, and workers' rights. These unions played a crucial role in articulating the challenges faced by workers and negotiating on their behalf, which was a direct impact of urbanization.
4. **Rise of Political Activism:** As labor unions grew, they became a platform for political activism. Workers' demands extended beyond labor issues; they began to address broader socio-political concerns, such as independence from colonial rule and self-governance. This activism gradually became an essential part of Nigeria's political landscape, influencing the push for independence.
In contrast, urbanization did not lead to the complete assimilation of Nigerian elites into British culture, the immediate decline of traditional chieftaincy institutions, or the eradication of ethnic and regional differences. While these may have been influenced indirectly, the direct social change was the rise of labor unions and political awareness among the urban populace.
Pergunta 3 Relatório
Nigeria's involvement in which UN agency has been crucial in addressing global health issues?
Detalhes da Resposta
Nigeria's involvement in the World Health Organization (WHO) has been crucial in addressing global health issues. WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. Its main objectives include promoting health, keeping the world safe, and serving the vulnerable. Nigeria's participation in WHO involves collaboration on various health-related projects and initiatives.
Some key areas of Nigeria's involvement with WHO include:
Overall, Nigeria's involvement in WHO is pivotal for addressing and managing public health challenges not only within the country but also contributing to global health security and sustainability.
Pergunta 4 Relatório
The concept of "The White Man's Burden," which justified European imperialism, was popularized by which British writer?
Detalhes da Resposta
The concept of "The White Man's Burden" was popularized by the British writer Rudyard Kipling. This phrase comes from his poem titled "The White Man's Burden," published in 1899.
In this poem, Kipling urged the United States to take up the role of imperial powers, similar to European countries, by colonizing and governing other nations to bring them civilization and progress. Kipling presented the idea as a moral obligation or 'burden' of the white man to govern less developed nations for their own benefit. Essentially, it was an attempt to justify European imperialism during that era.
Pergunta 5 Relatório
The primary goal of early Christian missionaries in Nigeria was to
Detalhes da Resposta
The primary goal of early Christian missionaries in Nigeria was to spread Christianity and convert the local population. During the 19th century, missionaries from Europe, particularly from Britain, arrived in various parts of Africa, including Nigeria, with a religious mission. They aimed to preach the teachings of Christianity, introduce the Gospel, and convert indigenous people to the Christian faith.
The missionaries believed that their religious teachings would bring spiritual salvation to the local populations. They conducted religious services, translated biblical texts into local languages, and established mission schools to educate people in both religious and secular knowledge. By doing so, they hoped to instill Christian values and morals among the communities they reached.
While some missionaries also engaged in other activities such as promoting education, healthcare, and in some cases advocating for social justice, these efforts were primarily viewed as part of their overall goal of religious conversion. The spread of Christianity was seen as a way to improve the lives of the people by aligning them with what the missionaries believed to be a superior moral and spiritual framework.
In summary, while the missionaries' activities had some cultural, educational, and social impacts, the central aim was to spread the Christian faith and convert the local population.
Pergunta 6 Relatório
The rise of nationalist movements in Nigeria was significantly influenced by
Detalhes da Resposta
The rise of nationalist movements in Nigeria was significantly influenced by World War II and the Atlantic Charter. Before World War II, Nigeria was a British colony, and the colonial system limited the political and economic rights of the Nigerian people. However, during and after World War II, several factors contributed to the growth of nationalism in Nigeria.
First, World War II exposed Nigerians to ideas of freedom and self-determination as many Nigerians served in the war alongside British forces. They became aware of the universal aspirations for freedom and were inspired to seek similar liberties for themselves at home. The experiences during the war helped many Nigerians realize the disparities in treatment and rights between themselves and their colonial rulers, leading to an increased desire for independence.
Furthermore, the Atlantic Charter, a pivotal policy statement issued during World War II by the United States and the United Kingdom, advocated for the rights of all people to self-determination. Although initially aimed at nations opposing Axis powers, the principles of the Charter resonated with colonized people worldwide, including Nigerians. They seized upon the ideals of self-governance and equality as an impetus to challenge colonial rule and to demand political and economic autonomy.
Consequently, the combination of wartime experiences and the principles espoused in the Atlantic Charter propelled Nigerian leaders and the general population to organize and push for independence from British control, leading to the rise of nationalist movements in the country.
Pergunta 7 Relatório
The Mahdiyya Movement in Sudan was primarily a response to
Detalhes da Resposta
The Mahdiyya Movement in Sudan was primarily a response to **Egyptian and Ottoman control**.
This movement emerged in the late 19th century as a reaction against the political domination and social strain imposed by the Egyptian rulers who were under the influence and authority of the Ottoman Empire. The local Sudanese population experienced heavy taxation and social injustice under this regime, and there was a sense of nationalistic and religious fervor to liberate Sudan from foreign rule.
The leader of this movement, Muhammad Ahmad, proclaimed himself the Mahdi, or the "Guided One," believed to be an Islamic messianic figure. His declaration and guidance were rooted in the belief that he would restore justice, reform Islam, and remove foreign imperialism and corrupt local practices.
Thus, the Mahdiyya Movement was fundamentally driven by **the desire to overthrow the existing control of Egypt and the Ottoman Empire**, intending to establish a self-governed state based on Islamic principles and Sudanese national identity.
Pergunta 8 Relatório
The major policy direction of the Obasanjo administration following the death of Murtala Mohammed was
Detalhes da Resposta
Following the death of Murtala Mohammed in 1976, General Olusegun Obasanjo assumed leadership of Nigeria. Under his administration, the major policy direction was focused on preparing the country for a transition to civilian rule and democratic elections. This was a significant period in Nigeria's history, as it marked a transition from military to civilian governance.
Obasanjo, respecting Murtala Mohammed's vision and plans, committed to returning the country to civilian rule. His administration worked towards creating a new constitution, which was a critical step in ensuring political stability and setting the framework for a democratic government. This transition culminated in the 1979 general elections, which led to the handover of power to a civilian government under President Shehu Shagari.
The policy of transitioning to civilian rule involved several key components:
Obasanjo's priority on a civilian transition distinguished his administration from other possible paths, such as strengthening military alliances, increasing military spending, or focusing aggressively on land reforms. The transition set the stage for the establishment of the Second Republic in Nigeria and was instrumental in shaping the nation's political landscape.
Pergunta 9 Relatório
The primary economic activity that drew Europeans to Nigeria in the early period was
Detalhes da Resposta
In the early period, the **primary economic activity** that drew Europeans to Nigeria was the **transatlantic slave trade**. This trade began in the 15th century and continued into the 19th century. Europeans were heavily involved in the capture, buying, and selling of enslaved Africans, primarily for labor in the Americas.
The **slave trade** was immensely profitable for European traders, as African slaves were exchanged for goods like guns, textiles, and manufactured products. These goods were then sold for high prices in Europe and the Americas. The coastal regions of Nigeria became key locations for the exchange of slaves due to their ability to access the interior where the enslaved individuals were captured.
While **agricultural exports** and other industries did play a role in Nigeria’s interaction with Europeans, it was not until the abolition of the slave trade in the 19th century that these activities became more prominent. After slavery was banned, Europeans shifted their focus to agricultural products like palm oil, cocoa, and groundnuts, which were highly valuable as raw materials for industries back in Europe.
In summary, although **textile manufacturing** and **agricultural exports** were important economic activities, it was the **transatlantic slave trade** that initially attracted European interest and economic involvement in Nigeria.
Pergunta 10 Relatório
Which policy implemented by the British in the 1930s aimed at developing infrastructure and boosting agriculture in Nigeria?
Detalhes da Resposta
The policy implemented by the British in the 1930s aimed at developing infrastructure and boosting agriculture in Nigeria was the Colonial Development and Welfare Act. This policy was introduced to address the economic and social development of the British colonies, including Nigeria. The Act provided specific funds for the development of infrastructure such as roads, railways, and ports as well as for agricultural improvements.
This initiative was part of a broader strategy to stimulate economic growth within the colonies by investing in critical sectors and improving the living standards of the population. The Act recognized the need for financial support from the British government to ensure that colonies were self-sufficient and could contribute to the overall strength of the British Empire. By focusing on infrastructure and agriculture, the policy aimed to create a more productive and stable economic environment in Nigeria.
Pergunta 11 Relatório
Which of the following was a significant factor in the rise of Nigerian nationalism in the early 20th century?
Detalhes da Resposta
In the early 20th century, a significant factor in the rise of Nigerian nationalism was the British colonial policy of indirect rule. This policy, introduced by the British, meant that they governed the colonies by using local traditional leaders and existing indigenous political structures. While this system was cost-effective for the British, it led to several unintended consequences that fueled Nigerian nationalism.
Firstly, by relying on local rulers, it allowed Nigerians to maintain some level of traditional governance and institutions, which kept the spirit of self-determination alive. People began to see the contradictions in British governance and started asserting their desire for greater participation in their own governance.
Secondly, the indirect rule often led to the empowerment of local leaders who sometimes prioritized colonial interests over the needs of their own people. This caused dissatisfaction among the populace, who began to demand change and more control over their political futures.
Lastly, the education and exposure of many Nigerians to Western ideas of democracy and self-government further galvanized efforts towards nationalism, as educated Nigerians began to actively push for reforms and self-rule.
In summary, the indirect rule policy indirectly strengthened the resolve among Nigerians to control their own governance, contributing significantly to the rise of nationalism. This set the stage for the eventual quest for independence from colonial rule.
Pergunta 12 Relatório
The invasion by which group significantly contributed to the fall of the Old Oyo Empire?
Detalhes da Resposta
The **Fulani** played a significant role in the fall of the Old Oyo Empire through the series of conflicts known as the Fulani Jihad. The Old Oyo Empire, located in what is now modern-day Nigeria, was one of the largest and most powerful Yoruba-speaking states in West Africa.
During the early 19th century, the Fulani, under the leadership of Usman dan Fodio and his followers, initiated a religious and military campaign known as the Fulani Jihad. This movement primarily aimed at spreading Islam and establishing Islamic states. As the Jihad progressed, it led to increased military pressure and disruptions in regions surrounding the Oyo Empire.
**The Fulani invasions weakened the Oyo Empire in several ways**:
Eventually, the pressure led to the empire's collapse, with the Fulani taking control over many territories that previously belonged to the Old Oyo Empire. Traditional leadership structures also weakened, paving the way for new powers in the region.
Pergunta 13 Relatório
The rise of the Kanem-Borno Empire in the 9th century was primarily due to
Detalhes da Resposta
The rise of the Kanem-Borno Empire in the 9th century was primarily due to the control of trans-Saharan trade routes. The location of the Kanem-Borno Empire was strategic as it was situated in a region that connected the North African trade networks with Sub-Saharan Africa. This allowed the empire to become a critical hub for traders passing through these routes. Through controlling these trade routes, the Kanem-Borno Empire was able to collect taxes and tariffs, accumulating wealth that was crucial for its growth and stability.
The trans-Saharan trade routes facilitated the exchange of valuable goods such as salt, gold, and slaves. These goods were in high demand, making the trade routes highly valuable. By dominating these routes, the Kanem-Borno Empire could ensure they benefited economically, which contributed significantly to their power and influence in the region.
The wealth generated from this trade was used to strengthen and expand the empire's infrastructure, military, and influence. This, in turn, allowed for the sustained growth of the empire and enabled it to engage in further diplomatic relations and sometimes conquests, contributing to its overall prominence and durability throughout history.
Pergunta 14 Relatório
The Sokoto Caliphate's relations with the British colonial powers in the 19th century were
Detalhes da Resposta
The Sokoto Caliphate's relations with the British colonial powers in the 19th century were based on treaties and trade agreements leading to mutual cooperation. This cooperation was evident in various agreements and interactions between the Caliphate and the British authorities during that period.
Pergunta 15 Relatório
The British amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 was primarily motivated by
Detalhes da Resposta
The British amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 was primarily motivated by economic considerations, particularly the need to make the Northern Protectorate financially viable. At that time, the Northern Protectorate of Nigeria was running at a financial deficit, as it was significantly less economically vibrant compared to the Southern Protectorate, which enjoyed a booming trade, particularly in palm oil and other natural resources.
By merging the two regions, the British colonial administration sought to use the surpluses from the economically prosperous south to offset the costs of administering the north. This fusion was not driven by the aim of promoting cultural unity or responding to nationalist influences, as cultural and political unity were not priorities for the British. Moreover, the League of Nations did not play any role in this decision, as it had not yet been established (it was formed in 1920).
Thus, the primary reason for the amalgamation was to increase administrative efficiency and reduce the financial burden on the British government by creating a more economically self-sustaining colony. This move allowed for a centralized administration, which in turn facilitated the easier extraction of resources and management of the colony.
Pergunta 16 Relatório
The challenge of building effective political institutions in newly independent African states has been exacerbated by
Detalhes da Resposta
The challenge of building effective political institutions in newly independent African states has been exacerbated by a lack of experienced administrative personnel and leadership.
When many African countries gained independence in the mid-20th century, they faced the colossal task of establishing new political structures. However, this process was hindered by a shortage of individuals who had experience in running administrative and governmental functions. During the colonial period, most of the key administrative roles were held by the colonial powers, and the native population was often excluded from high-level decision-making positions. This resulted in a significant gap in expertise and skills necessary to manage new state institutions effectively.
Furthermore, leadership was crucial to steer nations through the complexities of political transition. Many newly independent states struggled to find leaders who had both the vision and the experience needed to forge national unity while establishing stable governance systems. This lack of experienced leadership often led to political instability and weakened governance.
As a result, without the foundation of seasoned administrative and leadership skills, newly independent African states faced numerous challenges in building political institutions that were capable of fostering democracy, development, and national cohesion.
Pergunta 17 Relatório
The Nupe rulers, known as the Emir, exercised control through
Detalhes da Resposta
The Nupe rulers, known as the Emir, exercised control through a complex system of provincial governors and military commanders. This governance structure allowed them to effectively manage and oversee their territory. By delegating authority to provincial governors, the Emir could extend their influence and maintain order across various regions under their control. The military commanders played a crucial role in providing security and enforcing the Emir's laws and directives, ensuring the stability and continuity of rule. This approach allowed for a well-organized and structured administration, enabling the Emir to exert power and control over the Nupe Kingdom efficiently.
Pergunta 18 Relatório
Which Christian missionary is credited with the translation of the Bible into Yoruba?
Detalhes da Resposta
The Christian missionary credited with the translation of the Bible into Yoruba is Samuel Ajayi Crowther. Ajayi Crowther was a prominent figure in the spread of Christianity in West Africa during the 19th century. Born in 1809 in what is now Nigeria, he was captured by slave traders but eventually liberated by the British. He became a dedicated Christian, went on to study theology, and became the first African Anglican Bishop.
His significant achievement was the translation of the Bible into Yoruba, which greatly facilitated the spread of Christianity among the Yoruba-speaking population. His work not only made religious texts accessible to more people but also had a lasting impact on education and literacy in Nigeria. The translation process involved a deep understanding of both the source language and the culture of the target audience, ensuring that the messages were conveyed accurately and meaningfully.
Therefore, Samuel Ajayi Crowther's contributions were crucial in the development of the Yoruba language and the propagation of Christianity in the region.
Pergunta 19 Relatório
The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. It was a standoff between which two superpowers?
Detalhes da Resposta
The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was a dramatic 13-day confrontation during which the world came perilously close to nuclear war. It was a standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union. This crisis stemmed from the discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, which was only 90 miles from the U.S. coast.
To understand the importance of this event, it's crucial to note the global context at the time. The world was in the middle of the Cold War, a period of intense rivalry and tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, who were the two superpowers leading massive military blocs. During this era, both nations amassed large stockpiles of nuclear weapons, and their ideological conflict had significant global implications.
The crisis began when the United States, under President John F. Kennedy's leadership, identified that the Soviet Union had secretly installed nuclear missiles in Cuba. These missiles had the capacity to strike major U.S. cities, posing a direct threat to national security.
After a tense period of negotiation, President Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev reached an agreement. The Soviet Union agreed to remove its missiles from Cuba in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba and later removing U.S. missiles from Turkey.
The resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis is seen as a pivotal moment in history because it prevented the escalation into a full-scale nuclear war. This event highlighted the need for clear communication and established direct communication lines between the two superpowers, leading to future arms control agreements.
In summary, the Cuban Missile Crisis was a critical standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union, and its resolution helped avert a potential nuclear catastrophe.
Pergunta 20 Relatório
The Abacha regime is known for instituting which economic policy aimed at centralizing control of Nigeria's oil revenue?
Detalhes da Resposta
The Abacha regime was known for instituting the Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF) as an economic policy aimed at centralizing control of Nigeria's oil revenue. This policy was established to manage and utilize funds generated from the increase in petroleum prices, ensuring that these funds were directed towards various developmental projects across the country. The PTF was specifically structured to promote national development by investing in critical sectors such as education, infrastructure, healthcare, and transportation, thereby enhancing the overall economic growth and welfare of the nation.
Pergunta 21 Relatório
The arrival of the Portuguese on the West African coast in the 15th century marked the beginning of European influence in the region. Their primary interest was in
Detalhes da Resposta
The arrival of the Portuguese on the West African coast in the 15th century was primarily driven by their interest in trading gold and spices. At that time, Europe had a high demand for these commodities, and the Portuguese were keen on finding new trade routes to Asia and Africa to capitalize on the rich resources found there.
Initially, the Portuguese were looking for direct access to the lucrative spice trade from Asia and gold from Africa without having to go through the middlemen in the Mediterranean. Later on, their focus also shifted towards other trade aspects including the trans-Atlantic slave trade, especially as the demand for labor in the New World colonies grew. However, it is important to note that their initial and primary interest was centered on trading valuable goods like gold and spices.
Pergunta 22 Relatório
What significant development in Benin's political structure occurred during the reign of Oba Ewedo?
Detalhes da Resposta
During the reign of Oba Ewedo in Benin, a significant development in the political structure was the establishment of a centralized monarchy. This development meant that the power and authority in Benin became more centralized under the leadership of the Oba. Prior to this, the political organization might have been more fragmented or less unified, but under Oba Ewedo's reign, the political structure was reformed to concentrate power effectively within the monarchy.
Pergunta 23 Relatório
The impact of the Mfecane on trade in Southern Africa was
Detalhes da Resposta
The impact of the Mfecane on trade in Southern Africa was the disruption of existing trade routes and the establishment of new ones. The conflicts during the Mfecane led to the reorganization of trade networks in the region.
Pergunta 24 Relatório
Mohammad Ali Pasha is often referred to as the "founder of modern Egypt" due to his reforms in which sectors?
Detalhes da Resposta
Mohammad Ali Pasha is frequently referred to as the "founder of modern Egypt" primarily due to his significant **reforms in the military, education, and agriculture sectors**.
Firstly, his **military reforms** were critical in modernizing Egypt. He implemented a European-style army, enhancing discipline and training. This increased the military's effectiveness and allowed Egypt to assert more control in the region.
In terms of **education**, Mohammad Ali Pasha established schools and sent Egyptian students abroad to study in Europe. This brought new knowledge and skills back to Egypt, fostering a shift towards modernization.
Regarding **agriculture**, he introduced modern irrigation techniques and encouraged the cultivation of cash crops such as cotton. This not only improved productivity but also boosted the economy significantly.
These comprehensive reforms laid the foundations for a modern state, and this is why Mohammad Ali Pasha is considered the father of modern Egypt.
Pergunta 25 Relatório
The Omani Sultanate's control over Zanzibar led to
Detalhes da Resposta
The Omani Sultanate's control over Zanzibar significantly impacted the region, particularly through the establishment of a major center for the East African slave trade. Zanzibar became a crucial hub for the trade of slaves, along with spices and other goods, and operated predominantly under the influence of Omani Arab merchants.
This period saw Zanzibar flourish as a bustling trading center due to its strategic location along the East African coast. The island's economy was heavily reliant on the export of goods, most notably cloves, which attracted traders from different parts of the world. However, the island's prominence as a major slave trading post remained a defining characteristic of this era.
The Omani control did not lead to a widespread conversion to Christianity or the complete cessation of the slave trade, as slaves were still largely sought after for labor on clove plantations and other enterprises. Additionally, the Omani influence did not create a unified East African political entity, as their rule was mainly focused on economic gains and trade dominance rather than political unification.
Pergunta 26 Relatório
One of the key factors that led to military intervention in Nigeria's First Republic was
Detalhes da Resposta
One of the key factors that led to military intervention in Nigeria's First Republic was widespread corruption and political instability. During this period, there were significant levels of corruption within the government, leading to a loss of trust among the citizens and creating tension between different ethnic and political groups.
The political instability was further exacerbated by disputed elections and uneven distribution of power among the regions, which led to constant political unrest and violence. This environment made it difficult for the government to function effectively and maintain order, creating an opportunity for the military to step in as a stabilizing force.
The perception that civilian leaders were ineffective in handling national issues and ensuring fair governance led to dissatisfaction among the people and within the military ranks. As a result, the military viewed intervention as necessary to restore order and integrity in governance.
In summary, the combination of widespread corruption and political instability created a situation where the military felt compelled to intervene in Nigeria's First Republic to bring about peace and reform.
Pergunta 27 Relatório
Which of these leaders succeeded Usman dan Fodio as the head of the Sokoto Caliphate?
Detalhes da Resposta
The leader who succeeded Usman dan Fodio as the head of the Sokoto Caliphate was Muhammadu Bello. Usman dan Fodio was a prominent Islamic scholar and founder of the Sokoto Caliphate in the early 19th century in what is now northern Nigeria. After his leadership, his son, Muhammadu Bello, took over the reins of the caliphate.
Muhammadu Bello was instrumental in consolidating the achievements of his father and further expanding the territory and influence of the Sokoto Caliphate. He was known for his administrative skills and efforts to develop the caliphate into a region with strong Islamic governance.
To further clarify:
Pergunta 28 Relatório
The United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution in 1973 declaring apartheid as a
Detalhes da Resposta
In 1973, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that declared apartheid as a crime against humanity. This was a significant international stance against the apartheid policies that were being practiced in South Africa at the time, which involved systemic racial segregation and discrimination primarily against non-white populations. By labeling it as a crime against humanity, the UN emphasized the severe human rights violations and the global responsibility to combat and end such practices.
The declaration was not merely directed at South Africa's domestic policy or its legal system, but rather it was a strong condemnation of the **injustice and inhumane treatment** that apartheid represented on a broader, universal level. The term crime against humanity signifies that apartheid's effects go beyond local or national boundaries, recognizing it as a moral and ethical issue that should concern everyone around the world.
Pergunta 29 Relatório
The creation of the Mid-Western Region in 1963 was primarily a response to
Detalhes da Resposta
The creation of the Mid-Western Region in **1963** was primarily a response to address the **demands of the minority groups in the Niger Delta**. At that time, Nigeria was divided into three major regions: the Northern, Eastern, and Western Regions. Each of these regions was dominated by a major ethnic group, which often led to the **marginalization of smaller ethnic groups** or minorities within these regions.
The creation of a separate region was meant to acknowledge these minority groups in the Western Region, like the Urhobo, Itsekiri, and Isoko peoples, who felt their interests were not being adequately represented. By forming the Mid-Western Region, the government aimed to provide opportunities for these groups to have **greater political representation and control over their resources**. This move was seen as a step towards promoting **unity** and reducing ethnic tensions by recognizing the diversity within the Nigerian state.
In summary, the Mid-Western Region was created largely in response to the **demand for political autonomy** and **representation** by the minority groups in the Niger Delta, addressing their concerns of marginalization within the Western Region.
Pergunta 30 Relatório
Benin's military campaigns often targeted which neighboring ethnic group?
Detalhes da Resposta
The military campaigns of the Kingdom of Benin often targeted the **Yoruba** people. The Kingdom of Benin, which is located in what is now southern Nigeria, engaged in these campaigns during its period of expansion. The Yoruba people, living to the west of Benin, became a significant focus due to their proximity, wealth, and valuable resources. The Benin Kingdom sought to expand its influence and control over trade routes and territories, leading to these campaigns against the Yoruba.
Pergunta 31 Relatório
The Yoruba city-state of Ibadan rose to prominence in the 19th century primarily due to
Detalhes da Resposta
The Yoruba city-state of Ibadan rose to prominence in the 19th century primarily due to its military prowess. This was a period marked by warfare and competition among various Yoruba city-states. Ibadan successfully expanded its influence and territory by demonstrating remarkable military strength. The city was able to attract warlords, military leaders, and refugees seeking security and opportunities for power. This foundation of military strength allowed Ibadan to defend its territory and even dominate other Yoruba states. As a result, the city prospered economically and politically, becoming a dominant force in the region.
Although its location on major trade routes and other factors such as education and resources could have contributed to its development, it was the exceptional military capabilities and organization of its leaders that made Ibadan particularly prominent during this era.
Pergunta 32 Relatório
One of Gowon's major achievements was the hosting of which international event in Lagos in 1973?
Detalhes da Resposta
One of Gowon's major achievements was the hosting of the All-Africa Games in Lagos in 1973. This event was significant as it was the second edition of the All-Africa Games, which is a continental multi-sport event held every four years. Organized by the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa, it follows a format similar to the Olympic Games but is focused on bringing together athletes from across Africa.
The successful hosting of the games showcased Nigeria's capability to facilitate a major international sporting event. It helped in promoting unity among African countries and provided a platform for African athletes to demonstrate their talents. The occasion was particularly momentous for Nigeria, as it not only highlighted the country's growing influence and leadership on the African continent but also fostered a spirit of continental camaraderie.
Overall, hosting the All-Africa Games was a milestone in Gowon's administration, reflecting Nigeria's prominence in the African sporting arena during that era.
Pergunta 33 Relatório
One of the key impacts of French colonialism in West Africa was
Detalhes da Resposta
One of the key impacts of French colonialism in West Africa was the imposition of the French legal system and civil code. This means that the French introduced their own laws and legal practices into the colonies they controlled. Instead of using the traditional or indigenous laws that the local people used, the territories had to follow the rules set by the French authorities.
This change had significant repercussions:
Overall, the imposition of the French legal system and civil code was a key tool of colonial administration and control, shaping the governance and social fabric of the West African regions affected by French colonialism. It left a lasting legacy that continued to influence the legal systems of many West African countries even after gaining independence.
Pergunta 34 Relatório
The infamous Middle Passage refers to
Detalhes da Resposta
The infamous Middle Passage refers to the journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. It wa
a horrific and inhumane voyage that resulted in immense suffering and loss of life among the enslaved population.
Pergunta 35 Relatório
The humanitarian crisis during the Nigerian Civil War was exacerbated by
Detalhes da Resposta
The humanitarian crisis during the Nigerian Civil War, often referred to as the Biafran War, was primarily exacerbated by a blockade imposed by the Nigerian government on Biafra. This war, which lasted from 1967 to 1970, was marked by severe humanitarian suffering, especially in the Biafran region.
Here is why the blockade was a significant factor:
While other factors like the destruction of infrastructure and international sanctions played roles in the conflict, it was the blockade imposed by the Nigerian government that most acutely amplified the humanitarian crisis.
Pergunta 36 Relatório
Which ECOWAS protocol allows for the free movement of persons, goods, and services within member states?
Detalhes da Resposta
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is an organization that aims to promote economic integration and cooperation among its member countries. One of its significant goals is to facilitate easy interactions among its member states. The protocol responsible for allowing the free movement of persons, goods, and services within the member states is known as the Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Right of Residence, and Establishment.
This protocol was designed to ensure that citizens of ECOWAS states can travel freely, trade, and reside within other member states without facing numerous immigration restrictions. In simpler terms, it's similar to having an open door policy among friends, where goods and people can move freely without much hassle.
Implemented in phases, this protocol allows for visa-free entry for citizens of member states into other member countries for up to 90 days. Furthermore, it supports the right of residence and the right to establish businesses, ensuring that individuals and businesses from member states can operate more smoothly across borders.
Thus, the Protocol on Free Movement essentially aims to promote open borders within the region, encouraging economic growth, cultural exchange, and stronger ties among the countries of the ECOWAS community.
Pergunta 37 Relatório
The capital of the Kanem-Borno Empire moved from Kanem to Borno primarily due to
Detalhes da Resposta
The capital of the Kanem-Borno Empire moved from Kanem to Borno primarily due to external invasions. Here’s a simple explanation:
The Kanem-Borno Empire, composed of the regions of Kanem and Borno, was once a powerful empire in central Africa. The original capital was in Kanem, located northeast of Lake Chad. Over time, the empire faced numerous pressures, notably from external attacks. These invasions, primarily by external forces like the Sahelian nomadic groups, placed significant strain on Kanem.
As these external threats intensified, it became increasingly difficult to maintain political and military stability in Kanem. The constant invasions threatened the security and prosperity of the capital, making it a less viable location for the empire's seat of power. Consequently, the leaders decided to relocate the capital to Borno, situated southwest of Lake Chad. This new location in Borno offered a safer and more defensible position against external threats, helping to ensure the continued growth and stability of the Kanem-Borno Empire.
By moving to Borno, the empire could better protect itself from invasions and maintain its influence and power in the region.
Pergunta 38 Relatório
The elective principle introduced by the Clifford Constitution allowed for elections in which Nigerian cities?
Detalhes da Resposta
The Clifford Constitution of 1922 is significant in Nigerian history as it introduced the **elective principle**, which allowed for elections for the first time in the country. This was a major shift from the previous system where all legislative members were appointed by the colonial government. However, it is important to note that this **elective principle** had limited reach.
Under the Clifford Constitution, elections were held only in designated areas. The cities that were granted the opportunity to elect members to the Legislative Council were **Lagos** and **Calabar**. These places were two of the more developed urban centers at the time and were considered the main cities with a sufficient number of eligible voters.
So, the correct cities where the elective principle introduced by the Clifford Constitution allowed for elections in Nigeria are **Lagos** and **Calabar**. This electoral development laid the foundation for future expansions of the electoral process in Nigeria.
Pergunta 39 Relatório
Which principle was established at the Berlin Conference to justify European claims to African territories?
Detalhes da Resposta
The principle established at the Berlin Conference to justify European claims to African territories was the Effective Occupation principle.
To understand this, it's important to know what happened at the Berlin Conference, which took place from 1884 to 1885. During this meeting, European powers got together to decide how they would divide Africa among themselves to avoid potential conflicts over land. They did this without considering the existing African populations and societies.
The principle of Effective Occupation meant that a European country could claim a part of Africa only if it could demonstrate that it had established control over the area. This required a presence on the ground, like setting up administrative structures, enforcing law and order, and making treaties with local leaders. Essentially, it wasn't enough to just say you owned the land; the country had to actively manage and use it.
This agreement led to the "Scramble for Africa," where European nations rushed to establish their control over different parts of Africa, often without considering the impact on the indigenous people and cultures.
Pergunta 40 Relatório
Which Islamic reform leader established the Massina Empire in present-day Mali?
Detalhes da Resposta
The Islamic reform leader who established the **Massina Empire** in present-day Mali was **Ahmad Lobbo**. He was a prominent Muslim scholar and military leader in the 19th century. Ahmad Lobbo led a movement to spread and enforce Islamic practices within the region. The Massina Empire emerged as part of a series of 19th-century Islamic states in West Africa, and it was particularly known for its strict adherence to the principles of the **Maliki School** of Islamic jurisprudence. Lobbo's leadership and religious reforms had a significant impact on the socio-political landscape of the area, promoting Islamic values and governance.
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