Earthquakes Present A Hazard To Many People And Need To Be Managed Carefully
Overview
No country can stop an earthquake. What countries can do is decide how many people it kills. Two tremors of almost identical size can produce a few dozen deaths in one place and tens of thousands in another, and the difference is almost entirely a matter of what was built, planned and rehearsed in the years before the ground moved.
This lesson takes you through the full management cycle: the preparation that happens in advance, the frantic relief effort of the first three days, and the slow reconstruction that follows for a decade afterwards. You will study Japan and Nepal as your paired case studies and learn how to write the comparative answers that Edexcel rewards most heavily.
Objectives
- Preparation for earthquakes (warning and evacuation, building design, remote sensing and GIS)
- Short-term responses and relief (emergency aid, shelter and supplies)
- Longer-term planning (risk assessment, hazard mapping and rebuilding programmes)
- Case studies of hazard management for an earthquake in a developed country and a developing country or an emerging country
Mind map
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Lesson Note
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Lesson Evaluation
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Earthquakes Present A Hazard To Many People And Need To Be Managed Carefully. Now that youve explored the key concepts and ideas, its time to put your knowledge to the test. This section offers a variety of practice questions designed to reinforce your understanding and help you gauge your grasp of the material.
You will encounter a mix of question types, including multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. Each question is thoughtfully crafted to assess different aspects of your knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Use this evaluation section as an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of the topic and to identify any areas where you may need additional study. Don't be discouraged by any challenges you encounter; instead, view them as opportunities for growth and improvement.
- An earthquake early warning system is able to give notice before the strongest shaking arrives because: A) earthquakes are accurately predicted several days ahead B) fast P waves are detected before the slower, more damaging S waves arrive C) satellites photograph the fault as it ruptures D) aftershocks always occur before the main shock Answer: B
- Which building feature is designed to allow the ground to move while the structure above stays comparatively still? A) Cross-bracing B) A tuned mass damper C) Base isolation bearings D) A tapered profile Answer: C
- The first 72 hours after an earthquake are described as the golden window because: A) international aid usually arrives on the third day B) aftershocks stop after three days C) survival rates for trapped people fall sharply after about this time D) hazard maps are redrawn within three days Answer: C
- Which of the following is an example of longer-term planning rather than short-term relief? A) Distributing water purification tablets B) Setting up a field hospital C) Flying in an urban search and rescue team D) Rezoning low coastal land so that housing cannot be rebuilt there Answer: D
- In Nepal's post-2015 reconstruction programme, housing grants were released in instalments only after inspection. The main purpose of this was to: A) reduce the total cost of the programme B) ensure rebuilt houses complied with the seismic building code C) speed up delivery in remote mountain districts D) transfer construction work to foreign contractors Answer: B
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