Cell Structure
Overview
Cut a thin slice of any plant or animal under a microscope and you see the same thing: thousands of tiny, box-like units called cells. Cells are the building blocks of every living thing, and each part inside a cell has a specific job, from the nucleus that controls the cell to the mitochondria that release its energy.
In this lesson you will compare plant, animal and bacterial cells, learn what each structure does, and see how some cells are specially shaped for one task. You will also learn how cells build up into tissues, organs, organ systems and finally the whole organism.
Objectives
- Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, limited to: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles
- Describe the structure of a bacterial cell, limited to: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA, plasmids
- Identify the cell structures listed in
- Describe the functions of the structures listed in
- State that new cells are produced by division of existing cells
- State that specialised cells have specific functions, limited to: (a) ciliated cells - movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi (b) root hair cells - absorption (c) palisade mesophyll cells - photosynthesis (d) neurones - conduction of electrical impulses (e) red blood cells - transport of oxygen (f) sperm and egg cells (gametes) - reproduction
- Describe the meaning of the terms: cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism as illustrated by examples given in the syllabus
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Lesson Evaluation
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Cell Structure. Now that youve explored the key concepts and ideas, its time to put your knowledge to the test. This section offers a variety of practice questions designed to reinforce your understanding and help you gauge your grasp of the material.
You will encounter a mix of question types, including multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. Each question is thoughtfully crafted to assess different aspects of your knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Use this evaluation section as an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of the topic and to identify any areas where you may need additional study. Don't be discouraged by any challenges you encounter; instead, view them as opportunities for growth and improvement.
- Which structure is found in a plant cell but NOT in an animal cell? A. nucleus B. cell membrane C. chloroplast D. mitochondrion Answer: C
- The site of aerobic respiration in a cell is the: A. nucleus B. ribosome C. mitochondrion D. vacuole Answer: C
- A bacterial cell stores its genetic material as: A. a nucleus B. chloroplasts C. circular DNA and plasmids D. a vacuole Answer: C
- Which level of organisation is a group of tissues working together? A. cell B. organ C. organ system D. organism Answer: B
- A red blood cell is adapted to carry oxygen because it: A. has a large nucleus B. has no nucleus and is full of haemoglobin C. contains chloroplasts D. has a cell wall Answer: B
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