Changing Employment Structures
Overview
Every job a person does, from harvesting cocoa to writing software, can be placed in one of four broad slots of the economy. As a country grows richer those slots fill up in a very predictable order: first the fields and mines empty out, then the factories swell and shrink, and finally the offices, shops and laboratories take over. Read the balance of those slots and you can read how developed a country is.
In this lesson you will learn to classify any job into the primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary sector, follow the Clark-Fisher shift from a low-income to a high-income economy, and weigh the land, labour, raw materials, energy, transport, markets, policy and technology that decide where a factory or office actually ends up.
Objectives
- Classification of different industries: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
- The changing employment structure of low-income countries (LICs), middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs).
- Factors influencing the location and distribution of different types of industries: land, labour, raw materials, energy, transportation, markets, political policies, technology, communications, containerisation.
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Lesson Evaluation
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Changing Employment Structures. Now that youve explored the key concepts and ideas, its time to put your knowledge to the test. This section offers a variety of practice questions designed to reinforce your understanding and help you gauge your grasp of the material.
You will encounter a mix of question types, including multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. Each question is thoughtfully crafted to assess different aspects of your knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Use this evaluation section as an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of the topic and to identify any areas where you may need additional study. Don't be discouraged by any challenges you encounter; instead, view them as opportunities for growth and improvement.
- Which job belongs to the primary sector? A. car assembly worker B. teacher C. fish trawler crew D. software developer Answer: C
- The quaternary sector is best described as: A. extracting raw materials B. manufacturing goods C. providing basic services D. high-technology research and information Answer: D
- As a country develops, the share of employment in the primary sector usually: A. rises steadily B. falls C. stays the same D. always reaches 50 per cent Answer: B
- An industry that uses heavy, bulky raw materials is most likely to locate: A. near the market B. near skilled graduates C. close to the raw materials D. anywhere, as it is footloose Answer: C
- A country with most workers in the tertiary and quaternary sectors is most likely: A. a low-income country B. a newly industrialised country C. a high-income country D. primary product dependent Answer: C
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