Electromagnetic Effects
Overview
Move a magnet near a coil of wire and a voltage springs up out of nowhere; send a current through a wire and it becomes wrapped in a magnetic field; place that wire in another magnet's field and it is pushed sideways. Electricity and magnetism are two sides of one coin, and this link runs every generator, motor, relay and loudspeaker.
In this topic you will learn how a changing magnetic field induces an e.m.f., what affects its size and direction, the magnetic field patterns around wires and solenoids, and how a simple a.c. generator works. You will also relate the directions of force, field and current, and see the magnetic effect of a current applied in relays and loudspeakers.
Objectives
- Know that a conductor moving across a magnetic field or a changing magnetic field linking with a conductor can induce an e.m.f. in the conductor
- Describe an experiment to demonstrate electromagnetic induction
- State the factors affecting the magnitude of an induced e.m.f.
- Describe the pattern and direction of the magnetic field due to currents in straight wires and in solenoids
- Describe an experiment to identify the pattern of the magnetic field (including direction) due to currents in straight wires and in solenoids
- Describe how the magnetic effect of a current is used in relays and loudspeakers and give examples of their application
- [Supplement] Know that the direction of an induced e.m.f. opposes the change causing it
- [Supplement] State and use the relative directions of force, field and induced current
- [Supplement] Describe a simple form of a.c. generator (rotating coil or rotating magnet) and the use of slip rings and brushes where needed
- [Supplement] Sketch and interpret graphs of e.m.f. against time for simple a.c. generators and relate the position of the generator coil to the peaks, troughs and zeros of the e.m.f.
- [Supplement] State the qualitative variation of the strength of the magnetic field around straight wires and solenoids
- [Supplement] Describe the effect on the magnetic field around straight wires and solenoids of changing the magnitude and direction of the current
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Lesson Note
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Lesson Evaluation
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Electromagnetic Effects. Now that youve explored the key concepts and ideas, its time to put your knowledge to the test. This section offers a variety of practice questions designed to reinforce your understanding and help you gauge your grasp of the material.
You will encounter a mix of question types, including multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. Each question is thoughtfully crafted to assess different aspects of your knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Use this evaluation section as an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of the topic and to identify any areas where you may need additional study. Don't be discouraged by any challenges you encounter; instead, view them as opportunities for growth and improvement.
- An e.m.f. is induced in a coil when: A. a magnet rests inside it B. the magnetic field through it changes C. it is painted black D. it is at a high temperature Answer: B
- Which change does NOT increase the e.m.f. induced in a coil? A. moving the magnet faster B. using more turns C. using a stronger magnet D. holding the magnet still Answer: D
- The magnetic field around a long straight current-carrying wire is: A. straight lines along the wire B. concentric circles around the wire C. a uniform field D. zero Answer: B
- In a simple a.c. generator the induced e.m.f. is greatest when the coil is: A. vertical B. horizontal C. at rest D. removed Answer: B
- The force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is found using: A. the right-hand grip rule B. Fleming's right-hand rule C. Fleming's left-hand rule D. Ohm's law Answer: C
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