Sciences - Co-ordinated (9-1) - 0973 CIE

Alcohols

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Ethanol, the alcohol in fuels and solvents, is one of the most useful organic compounds of all. It belongs to a family marked by a single reactive group, the -OH group, and it can be made in two very different ways: by fermentation of sugar or by adding steam to ethene.

In this lesson you will learn that alcohols are a homologous series with the -OH functional group, how ethanol is produced by fermentation and by the hydration of ethene, and the key reactions of ethanol: combustion and oxidation to a carboxylic acid.

Ebumnobi

Describe the manufacture of ethanol by: (a) fermentation of aqueous glucose at 25- 35 °C in the presence of yeast and in the absence of oxygen (b) catalytic addition of steam to ethene at 300 °C and 6000 kPa / 60 atm in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Describe the combustion of ethanol.
State the uses of ethanol as: (a) a solvent (b) a fuel.
[Supplement] Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the manufacture of ethanol by: (a) fermentation (b) catalytic addition of steam to ethene.

Nkuzi Olu

Gee ntị na nkuzi a na ngwa

Maapụ uche

E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.

Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa

Kaadị ncheta

Omume ncheta ngwa ngwa n'ihe a na-anwale n'isiokwu a.

Mee omume kaadị ndị a na ngwa

Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ

Ethanol is a fuel, a solvent and the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks, so its chemistry has wide practical importance. Knowing the two ways it is made, and how it reacts, links organic chemistry to industry, agriculture and everyday products.

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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Alcohols. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

The functional group of the alcohols is: A. C=C B. -OH C. -COOH D. -Cl Answer: B
In fermentation, glucose is converted by yeast into ethanol and: A. Water B. Oxygen C. Carbon dioxide D. Hydrogen Answer: C
Ethanol can be made from ethene by: A. Combustion B. Hydration C. Substitution D. Fermentation Answer: B
Complete combustion of ethanol produces carbon dioxide and: A. Carbon monoxide B. Hydrogen C. Water D. Soot Answer: C
When ethanol is oxidised, it forms: A. Ethene B. Ethane C. Ethanoic acid D. Glucose Answer: C

Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu