JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2023

The type of database in which the data are connected in different files by using common data elements or a key field is ?

Answer Details

The type of database in which the data are connected in different files by using common data elements or a key field is Relational database.
In a relational database, data is organized into tables, where each table represents a specific entity or concept. Each row in the table represents an instance of that entity, and each column represents a specific attribute or characteristic of that entity. The tables are then linked together using common data elements, known as key fields.
These key fields establish relationships between the tables, allowing us to retrieve related data from multiple tables by using queries. For example, if we have a table for customers and a table for orders, we can link them together using a common key field such as customer ID. This allows us to retrieve orders for a specific customer or retrieve customer information for a specific order.
One of the main advantages of a relational database is its flexibility and ability to handle complex relationships between data. By using key fields, we can easily link multiple tables together and perform various data operations like filtering, sorting, and joining data.
Relational databases are widely used in various industries and applications due to their simplicity, scalability, and data integrity. They provide a structured and efficient way to store and retrieve data, making them suitable for managing large amounts of data in a systematic and organized manner.

A device that sends and receives printed pages or images over telephone lines by digitizing the material with an internal optical scanner and transmitting the information as electronic signals is a

Answer Details

A device that sends and receives printed pages or images over telephone lines by digitizing the material with an internal optical scanner and transmitting the information as electronic signals is a fax machine.
A fax machine works by converting a physical document or image into electronic signals that can be sent over telephone lines. It does this by using an internal optical scanner to capture the content of the document or image and convert it into digital form.
Once the content is digitized, the fax machine then takes these digital signals and transmits them as electronic information through the telephone lines. The receiving fax machine on the other end receives these signals and converts them back into a printable format, allowing the recipient to have a physical copy of the original document or image.
In simple terms, a fax machine is like a scanner combined with a telephone. It allows you to send a copy of a document or image to someone else, even if they are far away, by converting it into electronic signals and transmitting them over telephone lines. The recipient can then print out the transmitted content and have a physical copy of what was sent.
So, a fax machine is specifically designed to facilitate the transmission of printed pages or images over telephone lines electronically, making it a very useful tool for communication and information sharing.

The first stage of data processing activities is ?

Answer Details

The first stage of data processing activities is Collection.
In this stage, data is gathered or collected from various sources. This can include surveys, forms, sensors, databases, and more. The goal is to gather all the necessary data that is required for analysis and processing.
During the collection stage, it is important to ensure that the data is accurate, complete, and reliable. This includes checking for any errors or inconsistencies in the data and verifying its authenticity.
Once the data is collected, it is then ready to be processed and analyzed. This involves performing various operations such as manipulation, conversion, and sorting on the data to extract meaningful insights and information.
Overall, the collection stage is critical in the data processing process as it lays the foundation for the subsequent stages. It ensures that the data is available and ready for further processing and analysis.

The term used to describe when new information replaces old information or data is

Answer Details

The term used to describe when new information replaces old information or data is overwrite.
When we talk about overwriting, it means that we are replacing or writing new data on top of existing data. Imagine you have a piece of paper with some writing on it. Now, if you write something else on top of that existing writing, you are overwriting it.
Similarly, in the context of information or data stored in a computer or any other storage device, when new information is written over the old information, it is called overwriting. This can happen when you save a file with new data, and it replaces the old data that was there before.
It's important to note that when data is overwritten, the old information is completely replaced and cannot be recovered unless a backup copy was made. So, if you accidentally overwrite a file that you needed, it may be permanently lost.
To summarize, overwriting is the term used to describe the process of replacing old information or data with new information.

Which of the following can be used to select the entire document ?

Answer Details

To select the entire document, you can use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + A. This command stands for "Select All" and it is commonly used in various software programs to quickly select all the content within a document or a text field.
When you press Ctrl + A, it tells the computer or software application to highlight and select all the text, images, or any other elements present in the current document. It is a convenient way to select everything at once and perform actions like copying, deleting, or formatting.
Ctrl + K is not used to select the entire document. In many applications, including web browsers, this combination is usually used for creating or modifying hyperlinks.
Shift + A does not have a specific function to select the entire document. The "Shift" key, when combined with other keys, generally allows you to make selections or perform actions on a range of items, but it is not applicable in this context.
Alt + F5 is also not used to select the entire document. In some applications, the "Alt" key combined with function keys or other shortcuts can trigger specific functions or menu options, but it does not select the entire document.
In conclusion, the correct option is Ctrl + A, which is a simple and widely-used shortcut to select all the contents of a document or text field.

What protocol is used between Email servers?

Answer Details

The protocol that is used between Email servers is SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). This protocol is specifically designed to send and receive email messages over the internet.
SMTP enables the communication between the email client and the mail server, as well as between the mail servers themselves. When you want to send an email, your email client uses SMTP to communicate with your email server and submits the email message for delivery.
SMTP works in a simple, yet effective way. When you hit the "Send" button on your email client, it initiates a connection to your email server using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). The email client then sends the email message along with the recipient's email address to the server.
The server receiving the email checks the recipient's domain name (the part after the @ symbol) to determine the appropriate destination server. It then connects to the destination server using SMTP and sends the email message to that server.
Once the destination server receives the email, it stores it in the recipient's mailbox until it is retrieved by the recipient's email client. This retrieval is typically done using other protocols such as POP (Post Office Protocol) or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol).
In summary, SMTP is the protocol responsible for the transmission of email messages between different mail servers. It ensures that the emails are delivered to the correct destination server, allowing for efficient communication across the internet.

At what stage in system development life cycle are all data documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams(DFDs)

Answer Details

All data is documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs) during the System Analysis stage in the System Development Life Cycle.
During the System Analysis stage, the focus is on understanding the current system, identifying its strengths and weaknesses, and gathering requirements for the new system. This is done through various techniques such as interviews, observations, and analyzing documents.
One of the important tasks in this stage is data modeling, which involves identifying the various data inputs, outputs, processes, and storage within the system. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are commonly used for visualizing and documenting the flow of data between these components.
DFDs provide a clear and graphical representation of how data moves within the system, showing the processes that transform the data, the data stores that hold the data, and the data flows that connect these elements. They help in understanding the overall data flow within the system and in identifying potential issues or bottlenecks.
By creating detailed DFDs, all the data and their associated flows are documented explicitly, ensuring that no important data flows are overlooked during the system development process. This documentation becomes a valuable reference for system designers, developers, and stakeholders throughout the project.
To summarize, during the System Analysis stage of the System Development Life Cycle, detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs) are created to document and visualize the flow of data within the system. These DFDs provide a clear representation of the data inputs, outputs, processes, and storage and become an essential reference for the development team.

Answer Details

A nibble is a four-bit aggregation, or half an octet. It is also known as half-byte or tetrade. In a networking or telecommunication context, the nibble is often called a semi-octet, quadbit, or quartet. A nibble has sixteen (2^4) possible values.

What part of the central processing unit coordinates other units and manages the computer resources ?

Answer Details

The part of the central processing unit (CPU) that coordinates other units and manages computer resources is the Control unit.
The Control unit is like the brains of the CPU. It directs and coordinates the activities of other units, such as the Memory unit, Arithmetic Logic unit, and coordinating unit. Its main job is to fetch, decode, and execute instructions from the computer's memory.
The Control unit controls the flow of data and instructions between different parts of the CPU and other components of the computer system. It ensures that each instruction is carried out in the correct sequence and at the right time. It also manages the allocation of computer resources, such as memory and processing power, to different tasks and programs running on the computer.
In simpler terms, you can think of the Control unit as the conductor of an orchestra. It keeps everyone in sync and ensures that each musician plays their part at the right time. Similarly, the Control unit coordinates the different units of the CPU and manages resources to ensure the smooth operation of the computer.

An action performed in the GUI operating systems to hide a window but keep the program running in the background is ?

Answer Details

The action performed in GUI operating systems to hide a window but keep the program running in the background is called minimize.
When you minimize a window, it is removed from the visible desktop space and displayed as a smaller icon or thumbnail on the taskbar or dock, depending on your operating system. This allows you to have multiple programs running simultaneously without cluttering up your screen.
Minimizing a window is useful when you want to keep a program running in the background but don't need immediate access to it. For example, if you are working on a document in Microsoft Word and want to quickly check your email, you can minimize the Word window to temporarily hide it and then switch to your email program. This way, the Word program is still running and you can easily restore it when you need to continue working on the document.
Minimizing a window does not close the program or terminate any ongoing processes. It simply hides the window from view and allows the program to continue running in the background. This is a convenient way to manage and organize multiple tasks on your computer without overcrowding your screen.
To summarize, minimizing a window in a GUI operating system is the action of hiding a window while keeping the program running in the background. It helps to manage and switch between multiple programs efficiently, without closing or terminating any ongoing processes.

Which of the following is a valid variable name in Python?

Answer Details

Out of the given options, my_variable is the only valid variable name in Python.
A variable is a name assigned to a value or data in programming. In Python, we have certain rules for naming variables.
Rule 1: Variable names must start with a letter (a-z, A-Z) or an underscore (_).
Rule 2: After the first character, variable names can consist of letters, numbers (0-9), or underscores (_). Symbols, such as $ or -, are not allowed in variable names.
Rule 3: Variable names are case-sensitive, so "my_variable" and "My_variable" would be considered as different variables.
Following these rules, we find that the valid variable name is my_variable. It starts with a letter, followed by letters and underscores.
The other options, my_variable$, my-variable, and 1my_variable, do not follow the rules mentioned above. They either include symbols ($) or hyphens (-) in the name, or start with a number (1), which is not allowed. Therefore, they are not valid variable names in Python.

Which of these storage devices can act as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory ?

Answer Details

The storage device that can act as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory is Cache Memory.
Cache memory is a small, very fast, and expensive type of memory that is located close to the CPU. It is used to temporarily store data and instructions that the CPU frequently accesses.
When the CPU needs to access data or instructions, it first checks the cache memory. If the requested data or instructions are found in the cache, this is called a cache hit, and the CPU can access them quickly. This helps to improve the overall performance of the CPU because accessing data from cache memory is much faster than accessing it from the main memory.
If the requested data or instructions are not found in the cache, this is called a cache miss. In this case, the CPU needs to fetch the data or instructions from the main memory, which takes more time. However, once the data or instructions are fetched from the main memory, they are also stored in the cache for future use. This way, if the CPU needs the same data or instructions again, it can access them quickly from the cache, resulting in faster performance.
By acting as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory, cache memory helps to reduce the CPU's waiting time for data and instructions, which ultimately improves the overall speed and efficiency of the computer system.

Which of these commands will reboot the computer ?

Answer Details

To reboot the computer, you would use the Ctrl + Alt + Del command. This key combination is commonly known as the "Three-Finger Salute" and is used to bring up the Task Manager on Windows operating systems.
When you press Ctrl + Alt + Del, it triggers a system interrupt that takes you to a screen where you have several options. One of these options is to restart or reboot the computer.
Using this combination of keys is more secure because it ensures that you are interacting directly with the operating system, rather than potentially triggering a key combination that could have unintended consequences.
So, remember to press Ctrl + Alt + Del simultaneously to reboot your computer when needed.

The following are the methods of file security except

Answer Details

The methods of file security are
- Use of back-ups
- Use of anti-virus
- Password
- Proper label of storage devices.

what is the first computing machine invented ?

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The abacus is considered to be the first computing machine invented. It is an ancient device that was used for making calculations in early civilizations. The abacus consists of a series of rods or wires, each containing a set of beads that can be moved back and forth.
To use the abacus, numbers are represented by positioning the beads in a certain way. By moving the beads on the rods, different mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division could be performed. The abacus provided a simple and visual way to perform calculations without the need for written numbers or complex algorithms.
The abacus was widely used across different cultures and played a significant role in various aspects of life such as trade, accounting, and astronomy. Its simplicity and effectiveness made it a powerful tool for solving mathematical problems.
Although the abacus may seem primitive compared to modern computers, it was the foundation for more complex computing machines that were developed later. It laid the groundwork for the development of mechanical calculators, such as the Pascal calculator and slide rule, which were advancements in computing technology. The abacus is an important part of the history of computing and represents the initial steps towards the creation of more sophisticated machines we have today.

Which of these is not true about peer-to-peer network ?

Answer Details

A peer-to-peer network is a type of network where computers are connected to each other without the need for a central server. In this network, all computers are considered equal and are known as peers. This means that there is no hierarchy among the computers in terms of their roles or responsibilities.
However, the statement "it has a strong security system" is not true about peer-to-peer networks. Because of the lack of a central server, peer-to-peer networks tend to have weaker security compared to traditional client-server networks. In a peer-to-peer network, each computer is responsible for its own security, making it more vulnerable to unauthorized access, data breaches, and malware infections.
Additionally, since there is no dedicated server in a peer-to-peer network, the overall reliability and performance of the network can be affected. Without a centralized control, it can be challenging to manage and maintain the network efficiently.
To summarize, the key characteristics of a peer-to-peer network include the absence of a dedicated server, all computers being known as peers, and the lack of hierarchy among the computers. However, peer-to-peer networks generally have weaker security compared to client-server networks and may face challenges in terms of reliability and performance.

Which of these application packages can be used to create a spreadsheet ?

Answer Details

The application package that can be used to create a spreadsheet is Microsoft Excel.
Microsoft Excel is specifically designed to create, organize, and analyze data in the form of a spreadsheet. It provides a grid-like interface that allows users to input data into cells, perform calculations, create formulas, and generate charts and graphs.
Excel is widely used in various industries and professions such as finance, accounting, data analysis, and project management, as it offers powerful features and functionalities to manipulate and visualize data efficiently.
By using Excel, users can easily organize their data in rows and columns, perform mathematical operations on the data, and apply formatting and styling to enhance the readability of the spreadsheet. Additionally, Excel allows users to create formulas to automate calculations, apply functions to analyze and manipulate data, and create charts and graphs to present data in a visually appealing way.
In conclusion, Microsoft Excel is the application package that is specifically designed for creating spreadsheets, making it an essential tool for managing and analyzing data efficiently.

Which of the following is the standard keyboard layout ?

Answer Details

The standard keyboard layout is called QWERTY. It is the most commonly used keyboard layout in many English-speaking countries.
The name "QWERTY" comes from the first six letters in the top row of the keyboard. This layout was designed more than a century ago for typewriters and was carried over to computer keyboards. It was created to prevent mechanical jams on typewriters by placing commonly used letters further apart from each other.
The QWERTY layout is characterized by the arrangement of letters, numbers, symbols, and function keys on the keyboard. The letters are organized in a specific order, with the most frequently used characters placed in easily accessible positions. The layout also includes a number pad on the right side and function keys at the top.
While some alternative keyboard layouts, such as Dvorak and AZERTY, have been developed to potentially improve typing speed and efficiency, QWERTY remains the standard and is widely accepted and recognized. It has become ingrained in our typing habits and is supported by operating systems and software applications.
Overall, the QWERTY keyboard layout is the most widely used and recognized standard layout that allows for efficient and accurate typing for the majority of English-speaking users.

The computer that combines the functions of both analog and digital computers is called ?

Answer Details

A computer that combines the functions of both analog and digital computers is called a hybrid computer.
An analog computer works by representing and manipulating physical quantities, such as voltage or current, in a continuous manner. It is typically used for tasks like solving differential equations or simulating physical systems.
On the other hand, a digital computer works with discrete values represented by binary digits (0s and 1s). It performs calculations using arithmetic and logical operations and is commonly used for tasks like data processing, calculations, and general-purpose computing.
A hybrid computer combines the strengths of both analog and digital computers, enabling it to perform a wide range of tasks efficiently. It uses analog technology to process real-world inputs and digital technology to perform complex calculations and data manipulation.
For example, in weather forecasting, a hybrid computer can use analog technology to gather and process real-time data from sensors, such as temperature and humidity. It then performs digital calculations to analyze the data, predict weather patterns, and generate forecasts.
In summary, a hybrid computer is a computer system that combines the capabilities of both analog and digital computers, allowing it to handle both continuous and discrete data in a versatile and efficient manner.

Which of the following is an example of graphics software ?

Answer Details

Adobe Illustrator is an example of graphics software. This software is specifically designed for creating and editing vector graphics. Unlike other software that focuses on working with images made up of pixels, Adobe Illustrator allows users to create and manipulate illustrations using mathematical equations to define shapes and lines. This results in graphics that can be scaled to any size without losing any quality.
With Adobe Illustrator, users can draw, paint, and create complex shapes using a variety of tools and features. It provides a wide range of tools, including Pen Tool, Shape Builder Tool, and Live Paint Bucket, that allow users to create and edit paths, shapes, and colors.
This software also offers advanced features like the ability to create gradients, apply special effects, and work with layers to organize and manage different elements of a graphic. Users can also import and export files in various formats, making it compatible with other design software and allowing for seamless collaboration with others.
Adobe Illustrator is widely used by artists, designers, and illustrators in various industries such as advertising, publishing, and web design. It provides a powerful and versatile platform for creating stunning visual content, from logos and icons to illustrations and infographics. The software's intuitive interface and extensive range of tools make it accessible to both beginners and professionals in the field of graphic design.

Which of these programming languages is the most suitable for a business data processing?

Answer Details

The most suitable programming language for business data processing is COBOL.

COBOL is specifically designed for handling large volumes of data in business applications. It stands for "Common Business-Oriented Language" and was developed in the late 1950s.

Here are some reasons why COBOL is the most suitable language for business data processing:

• Readability and Understandability: COBOL code is written in a way that closely resembles English language. It uses words and phrases that make it easier for business professionals and non-technical people to understand and maintain the code.
• Strong Data Processing Capabilities: COBOL has built-in support for handling large amounts of business data. It has features to process record structures, perform calculations, manipulate files, and handle complex file structures commonly used in business applications.
• Legacy Systems Integration: Many businesses still rely on legacy systems written in COBOL. It is often necessary to integrate new applications and technologies with these existing systems. Having a strong understanding of COBOL allows businesses to maintain and enhance their legacy systems efficiently.
• Reliability and Stability: COBOL has been used for decades in mission-critical business applications. It has proven its reliability and stability over time. Businesses need a programming language that can handle large amounts of data accurately and consistently, and COBOL fits that requirement.
• Limited Learning Curve: The syntax and structure of COBOL are relatively straightforward and easy to learn. It does not require extensive programming knowledge to start working with COBOL, making it accessible to individuals with business backgrounds.

In summary, COBOL is the most suitable programming language for business data processing due to its readability, strong data processing capabilities, integration with legacy systems, reliability, and simplicity.

Translators are type of ?

Answer Details

Translators are types of software that help convert one form of code or language into another. They are used to facilitate communication between different components of a computer system.
System software is a broad category of software that includes translators as one of its components. Translators are needed to convert high-level programming languages, such as C++ or Java, into a form that can be understood and executed by the computer's hardware.
An operating system is another type of software that manages the computer's resources and provides a platform for other software applications to run. While an operating system may include translators as part of its functionality, translators themselves are not considered to be an operating system.
Utility programs are software tools that assist with system maintenance, optimization, and troubleshooting. While some utility programs may include rudimentary translators for specific tasks, such as language translation tools, translators are not typically considered to be utility programs.
Application software refers to programs that are designed to perform specific tasks for the user, such as word processors, spreadsheet applications, or web browsers. Translators are not typically included as part of application software, although some specific applications may include their own translators for specific purposes.
In summary, translators are a type of software that fall under the category of system software. They are used to convert programming languages into a format that can be understood and executed by the computer's hardware.

The last cycle of data processing where data and information are preserved for future is called

Answer Details

The last cycle of data processing where data and information are preserved for future is called storage.
During the storage phase, the processed data is saved and kept in a safe place for future use. This is important because it allows us to access and retrieve the information whenever we need it.
Think of it like this: when you finish cooking a delicious meal, you don't immediately serve it and eat it. You first store it in the refrigerator to keep it fresh and save it for later. In the same way, data is stored so that it can be accessed and used in the future.
Storage can be done in various forms, such as on physical devices like hard drives, CDs, or USB flash drives. It can also be stored online, in what we call cloud storage.
By storing data, we ensure its longevity and availability for future analysis and decision-making. It helps us keep valuable information safe and organized. So, storage is the correct answer in this case.

When the computer reboots itself without triggering the hardware based reset, it is called ?

Answer Details

When the computer reboots itself without triggering the hardware based reset, it is called a soft reboot.
A soft reboot, also known as a warm reboot or a soft restart, is a method of restarting a computer without shutting it down completely. Instead of turning off the power to the computer, a soft reboot uses the operating system's own restart function to restart the computer. This means that the computer goes through a brief shutdown process, where the operating system closes all running programs and services, clears the system's memory, and then starts up again.
One common example of when a soft reboot may occur is when the computer freezes or becomes unresponsive. Instead of manually turning off the computer and then turning it back on again, a soft reboot allows you to restart the computer quickly and easily without having to go through the entire startup process.
During a soft reboot, the computer's hardware stays on, but the operating system restarts. This allows the computer to quickly reload the necessary files and settings without needing to perform a full power cycle. It is a useful method for resolving minor software issues or refreshing the system without losing any unsaved data.
In summary, a soft reboot is a process where the computer restarts itself without turning off the power. It is a quick and convenient way to resolve software issues and refresh the system without losing any data.

What does R stands for in the CRUD acronym ?

Answer Details

In the CRUD acronym, R stands for 'Read'. CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. These are the four basic functions of persistent storage in databases.

Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this manipulation is called ?

Answer Details

Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this manipulation is called processing. Processing refers to the actions that a computer takes to transform raw data into meaningful information. It involves performing calculations, making decisions, and executing instructions to manipulate the data based on the instructions given by the user or programmer.
During processing, a computer takes in input data, which can be text, numbers, images, or any other form of digital information. It then performs various operations on this data, such as sorting, filtering, analyzing, and transforming it according to the given instructions.
Processing can also involve performing complex tasks like running software programs, simulating real-world scenarios, and solving mathematical problems. It utilizes the computer's hardware resources, including the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, and storage, to carry out these operations.
Processing is a fundamental function of computers and enables them to perform a wide range of tasks efficiently and accurately. It is what allows computers to process vast amounts of data, perform calculations in seconds, and execute complex algorithms.
In summary, processing is the manipulation of data by a computer to transform raw input into meaningful output. It involves executing instructions, performing calculations, and utilizing the computer's resources to process data efficiently.

What generation of computer is characterized by the use of vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory?

Answer Details

The generation of computer characterized by the use of vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory is the first generation of computers.
During this era, computers were built using vacuum tubes, which were large glass tubes that controlled the flow of electricity. These tubes functioned as switches and amplifiers for the computer's circuits. They were bulky, delicate, and generated a significant amount of heat, requiring expensive cooling systems.
Additionally, magnetic drums were used as the main memory device. These drums consisted of a metal cylinder coated with a ferromagnetic material, and data was stored and retrieved by magnetizing and sensing the magnetized spots on the drum's surface. However, magnetic drums were relatively slow and had limited storage capacity compared to modern memory technologies.
The first-generation computers were quite large and consumed a tremendous amount of power. They were also prone to frequent failures due to the fragility of vacuum tubes, which needed to be replaced regularly. Programming these computers involved using machine language or low-level programming languages.
Despite their limitations, first-generation computers were groundbreaking because they marked the beginning of electronic digital computing. They laid the foundation for future computer generations by demonstrating the potential for automated computation and inspiring advancements in technology that would lead to smaller, faster, and more reliable computers.
In summary, the first generation of computers utilized vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory. These computers were significant in terms of their pioneering role in electronic digital computing, even though they were large, expensive, and less efficient compared to modern computer systems.

In BASIC, REM shows a statement to be

Answer Details

In BASIC, the REM statement is used to create comments. Comments are lines in the program that are not meant to be executed or affect the output. They are used to provide explanations, notes, or reminders to the programmer who is reading the code.
When the interpreter or compiler encounters the REM statement, it simply ignores it and moves on to the next line of code. It is like a reminder or a message to yourself or other programmers working on the code, but it does not have any effect on the program execution or output.
For example, if we have the following code in BASIC:
10 PRINT "Hello, world!" ' This line prints "Hello, world!" 20 REM This is a comment ' This line is a comment and is ignored
In this code, "Hello, world!" will be printed on the screen because it is an executable statement. However, the line with the REM statement will be ignored because it is a comment. It serves as a note to explain the purpose of the code or provide additional information for the programmer.
So, in BASIC, the REM statement is used to indicate a comment and does not have any impact on the program execution or output.

The process where a programmer converts a program specifications into computer instructions is called ?

Answer Details

The process where a programmer converts program specifications into computer instructions is called Coding.
Coding is the step-by-step process of translating program specifications, which are the specific requirements and functionalities of a program, into a language that a computer can understand.
During coding, the programmer writes lines of code using a specific programming language. This is similar to writing a set of instructions that the computer will follow to perform the desired tasks. Each line of code has a specific purpose and contributes to the overall functionality of the program.
The coding process involves breaking down the program specifications into smaller logical units or modules. Each module is then written as a series of instructions, using proper syntax and following the rules of the programming language being used.
Once the coding is complete, the programmer saves the code in a file, typically with a specific file extension that corresponds to the programming language. The code is then ready to be compiled or interpreted by the computer, which converts it into machine-readable instructions for execution.
In summary, coding is the process of translating program specifications into a language that computers can understand, by writing lines of code that specify the desired functionality of the program.

The connection between two or more computers to share resources or allow electronic communication is called ?

Answer Details

The correct answer is Network.
A network is a connection between two or more computers that allows them to share resources and communicate electronically. It's like a virtual highway that enables computers to send and receive information to and from each other.
Imagine you have a group of friends who want to share their toys. Instead of each person having their own toys, they decide to share and play together. They form a network, where they can exchange toys and communicate with one another.
Similarly, in the world of computers, a network allows computers to connect and share resources such as files, printers, and internet access. It enables us to send emails, browse the internet, and even play online games with others.
Networks can be wired or wireless. Wired networks use physical cables to connect computers, like an electric wire connecting different devices. On the other hand, wireless networks use signals, like Wi-Fi, to transmit information without the need for physical cables.
In summary, a network is the connection between computers that allows them to share resources and communicate electronically. It's like a virtual highway that enables computers to exchange information and work together.

Answer Details

Out of the given options, Linux is not an application software.

Application software refers to programs or software that are designed to perform specific tasks or applications for users. They are user-oriented and provide functionalities to satisfy user needs.

MS Word and Corel Draw are both examples of application software. MS Word is a word processing software used for creating, editing, and formatting documents, while Corel Draw is a graphic design software used for creating illustrations, layouts, and vector graphics.

On the other hand, Linux is not an application software but an operating system. Linux is an open-source operating system that provides the foundation and framework for running various software applications. It manages the computer's hardware, runs system processes, and provides a platform for other software to run on.

So, to summarize, Linux is not an application software but an operating system, while MS Word and Corel Draw are examples of application software that perform specific tasks for users.

Anti-virus software is an example of ?

Answer Details

Anti-virus software is an example of utility programs.
Utility programs are software applications designed to assist in managing and optimizing the computer system. They perform specific tasks that are not directly related to the core functioning of the operating system or the application software.
Anti-virus software is specifically designed to protect our computer systems from malicious software like viruses, worms, and malware. It scans files and programs for any potential threats, identifies and removes or quarantines them to prevent harm to our system.
The purpose of anti-virus software is to detect and eliminate different types of malware that can harm our computer. It helps to keep our personal and sensitive information secure, prevents unauthorized access, and ensures the smooth functioning of our system.
So, anti-virus software falls under the category of utility programs as it helps in managing and protecting our computer system from potential threats.

The default file extension for PowerPoint version 2007 and newer is ?

Answer Details

The default file extension for PowerPoint version 2007 and newer is .pptx.
PowerPoint is a popular software program used for creating and presenting slideshows. When you save your presentation in PowerPoint 2007 or a newer version, it automatically saves it with the extension .pptx.
The file extension .pptx stands for PowerPoint XML, which represents the XML-based file format used by Microsoft PowerPoint. XML, or Extensible Markup Language, is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
The .pptx file format introduced in PowerPoint 2007 offers various advantages over the previous .ppt format used in earlier versions. It allows for more efficient and compact storage of slide data, improved compatibility with other software, and support for advanced features and functionalities in PowerPoint.
By default, PowerPoint 2007 and newer versions save presentations as .pptx to ensure compatibility with the latest features and enhancements. However, it is important to note that PowerPoint also provides options to save presentations in other formats like .ppt, .pps, and .ppxt, which may be useful in specific scenarios or for compatibility with older versions of PowerPoint or other software applications.
In summary, the default file extension for PowerPoint version 2007 and newer is .pptx. This file format is based on XML and offers advantages in terms of efficiency, compatibility, and support for advanced features.

Who invented the Napier Bones

Answer Details

The inventor of the Napier Bones was John Napier.
Napier Bones are a computational device that was invented by John Napier in the early 17th century. They are a manual tool used for multiplication and division, and they were developed as an aid to calculation.
The Napier Bones consist of a series of rods or bones, usually made of wood or metal, with numbers inscribed on them. Each bone is divided into compartments, with the numbers in each compartment representing different powers of 10. The numbers in each row of bones are positioned diagonally, and when aligned properly, they allow for quick and efficient calculations.
To perform multiplication using Napier Bones, the bones corresponding to the multiplicand and multiplier are placed alongside each other, with the number compartments aligned. The intersections of the numbers are then summed up diagonally to obtain the result.
For division, Napier Bones are similar but used in a slightly different way. The divisor is placed on the top bone, and the dividend is placed below it. The quotients are obtained by looking at the numbers in each diagonal row and combining them.
The advantage of the Napier Bones is that they allow for quick and accurate calculations without the need for complex mathematical operations. They were widely used in their time, especially by merchants, accountants, and engineers, who relied on accurate calculations for their work.
Therefore, it was John Napier who invented the Napier Bones, as a valuable tool that simplified and hastened mathematical operations during the 17th century.

Which of the following allows devices on one network to communicate with devices on another network ?

Answer Details

A gateway allows devices on one network to communicate with devices on another network.
A gateway acts as a bridge between two different networks, connecting them and enabling communication between devices on each network. It translates data between the two networks, ensuring that information sent by one device on one network can be understood by devices on the other network.
Let's imagine you have a home network and you want to access the internet. Your home network consists of devices such as computers, laptops, smartphones, and smart home devices. In order for these devices to connect to the internet, they need to communicate with devices on the internet network. This is where a gateway comes into play.
The gateway device connects your home network to the internet. It receives data from devices on your home network and translates it into a format that can be transmitted over the internet. Likewise, it receives data from the internet and translates it into a format that can be understood by devices on your home network.
Think of a gateway as a translator who can understand and speak multiple languages. It takes information from one network, converts it into a suitable format, and then sends it to the other network. This allows devices on one network to effectively communicate with devices on another network, such as accessing websites, sending emails, or streaming videos.
So, in summary, a gateway is the correct option that enables communication between devices on different networks.

What category of application package does microsoft excel belong to ?

Answer Details

Microsoft Excel belongs to the category of spreadsheet packages. A spreadsheet package is a software program that allows users to create and manipulate spreadsheets.
Spreadsheets are electronic documents organized in a grid-like structure. Each cell in the grid can contain text, numbers, or formulas that perform calculations.
Microsoft Excel enables users to perform various tasks such as entering and organizing data, performing calculations, creating charts and graphs, analyzing data, and generating reports. It provides a wide range of features and functions that help users manage and manipulate data more efficiently.
Excel is widely used in many industries, including finance, accounting, marketing, and data analysis. It allows users to perform complex calculations, visualize data through graphs and charts, and create professional-looking reports.
In summary, Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet package that enables users to create, analyze, and manipulate data in a structured and organized manner.

Translating the problem statement into a series of sequential steps describing what the program must do is known as

Answer Details

Translating the problem statement into a series of sequential steps describing what the program must do is known as creating the algorithm. This process involves breaking down the problem into smaller, manageable tasks and organizing them in a logical order. The algorithm serves as a roadmap or a set of instructions for the program to follow in order to solve the problem effectively. It helps the programmer in understanding the problem, designing the solution, and implementing it correctly. Once the algorithm is created, it serves as the foundation for the coding phase, where the programmer will write the actual program based on the steps outlined in the algorithm. Therefore, the correct option is creating the algorithm.

Which of the following is NOT a high-level programming language?

Answer Details

Assembly language is NOT a high-level programming language. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that provides a direct representation of the computer's hardware architecture. It is a symbolic representation of machine language instructions, which are specific to a particular computer architecture. Assembly language is typically used by programmers who need to have fine control over the hardware, such as device driver developers or firmware programmers.
In contrast, high-level programming languages like C++, Python, and Java are designed to be easier for humans to read, write, and understand. These languages provide more abstracted and portable ways of writing programs, allowing developers to focus on the logic and functionality of their code rather than the details of the underlying hardware.
High-level programming languages use English-like keywords and syntax to make programming more accessible and intuitive. They provide built-in libraries and functions that simplify common tasks, and they support features like objects and classes for organizing code in a structured manner.
In summary, while Assembly language is a low-level programming language that directly interacts with the computer's hardware, C++, Python, and Java are high-level programming languages designed for ease of use and abstraction from the underlying hardware.

The process of finding and correcting errors in the program code is called ?

Answer Details

The correct answer is Debugging.
Debugging is the process of finding and correcting errors, or bugs, in the program code. When a program is written, it may contain mistakes or logical errors that prevent it from running correctly. Debugging is the method used to identify and fix these issues.
During the debugging process, programmers use various techniques and tools to locate the source of the error. This may involve examining the code line by line, setting breakpoints, or using debugging software. Once the error is identified, the programmer can then make the necessary changes to the code to correct the mistake.
Debugging is an essential part of the software development process as it ensures that the program runs smoothly and produces the desired results. Without debugging, it would be challenging to identify and fix problems in the code, resulting in a faulty program.
In summary, debugging is the process of finding and correcting errors in the program code, allowing the program to function correctly.

The type of computers that are designed to perform complex calculations extremely rapidly are called ?

Answer Details

The type of computers that are designed to perform complex calculations extremely rapidly are called supercomputers.
Supercomputers are the ultimate powerhouses in the world of computing. They are specifically built with the intention of solving problems that require incredibly high computational power and speed. These machines are designed to process enormous amounts of data and perform complex mathematical calculations in a relatively short amount of time.
Supercomputers are used in a variety of fields such as weather forecasting, scientific research, simulations, and even in some sectors of the financial industry. They are equipped with multiple processors and a large amount of memory, allowing them to tackle massive amounts of data simultaneously.
What sets supercomputers apart from other types of computers is their ability to solve problems that would take other computers significantly longer or might even be impossible for them to solve. They are highly optimized for parallel processing, meaning they can break down complex problems into smaller sub-problems and solve them simultaneously. This division of tasks enables them to work at a much faster rate, solving problems in a fraction of the time it would take a regular computer to do the same.
Overall, supercomputers are designed to excel at handling extremely complex computations and are capable of solving problems that would be challenging or even impossible for other types of computers.