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Question 1 Report
The act of being on one job for expertise is called
Answer Details
The act of being on one job for expertise is called specialization. Specialization is when an individual, group, or company focuses on a specific task, role, or field to become highly skilled and efficient in that area. For example, a person might specialize in medicine, engineering, or teaching, dedicating their time and effort to gaining deep knowledge and expertise in that particular domain.
Specialization allows individuals to become experts, improving their ability to perform their job effectively and efficiently. It also contributes to overall productivity and quality, as specialized professionals can apply their specific skills to complex tasks or problems, leading to more innovative and precise solutions.
In summary, by focusing on one job or area, individuals can hone their skills and contribute to greater efficiencies and advancements in their field.
Question 2 Report
Which of the following does a seller send in reply to a letter of inquiry?
Answer Details
When a potential buyer sends a seller a **letter of inquiry**, they are typically asking for information regarding the availability, price, and terms of products or services. In reply to this inquiry, a seller typically sends a **quotation**.
Here is why a **quotation** is the appropriate response:
In conclusion, a seller sends a quotation in response to a letter of inquiry because it addresses the buyer's questions about pricing and other terms related to potential products or services they might purchase.
Question 3 Report
Shares are said to be sold at a discount when they are sold
Answer Details
Shares are said to be sold at a discount when they are sold below par value. In finance, the par value of a share is its nominal or face value as stated on the certificate or in the company's financial statements. The par value is typically set when the company is formed and does not usually change.
Selling shares below this par value means that the company is offering them at a lower price than their nominal value. This can occur as a strategy to attract investors when market conditions are tough, or if the company needs to raise capital quickly.
For example: If the par value of a share is $10 and it is sold for $8, it is being sold at a discount of $2 from its par value.
It's important to note that selling shares below par can have implications for a company's perceived financial health and can affect investor confidence. Therefore, companies may do this strategically and with consideration of market reactions.
Question 4 Report
The breaking down of work into different processes is known as
Answer Details
The breaking down of work into different processes is known as division of labour. This concept involves splitting a job into a series of smaller tasks, with each task assigned to a different worker or group of workers. By doing this, each worker can focus on what they do best, increasing their efficiency and productivity in that particular task.
Here's a simple way to understand it: Imagine a bakery that makes loaves of bread. Instead of one person doing everything from mixing the ingredients, kneading the dough, baking, and packaging, the work is divided among several people. One person may be responsible for mixing the ingredients, while another focuses on kneading the dough, yet another bakes it, and a final person packages the bread. This makes the entire process faster and more efficient, as each worker becomes proficient in their specific task.
The division of labour allows for a more effective use of skills and resources, leading to higher productivity and often resulting in goods being produced more quickly and for less cost.
Question 5 Report
The advertising medium which uses electric current in bulbs is referred to as
Answer Details
The advertising medium you are referring to is neon signs. Neon signs are a type of advertising and signage that use electrified, glowing tubes or bulbs that contain neon gas. When an electric current is passed through the gas, it emits light, creating a bright and eye-catching display. Neon signs are popular because they are highly visible at night and can be customized in various shapes, sizes, and colors. They are often used for attracting attention to businesses or special promotions.
Question 6 Report
Ships that pick up cargo from any port and travels anytime are called
Answer Details
Ships that pick up cargo from any port and travel anytime are known as tramps.
Tramp ships are like the "taxis" of the sea. They do not have a fixed schedule, route, or a fixed rate of charge. Instead, they go where cargo is available, which might mean visiting multiple ports at irregular times. They 'tramp' around, picking up loads wherever and whenever there is a need. This is different from other types of ships, such as liners, which operate on fixed schedules and routes.
Tramp shipping is very flexible and can cater to sudden changes in supply and demand, making it ideal for carrying bulk cargoes, like coal or grain, which might not be available regularly or may need prompt transportation.
Question 7 Report
Which of the following is NOT part of the marketing mix?
Answer Details
The marketing mix is commonly referred to as the "4 Ps", which are key elements involved in executing a marketing strategy effectively. These elements are:
Unlike the "4 Ps," personnel is not traditionally considered a part of the marketing mix. While having skilled and well-trained staff is crucial for customer service and operations, it is not one of the main components in the traditional marketing mix. Thus, among the options provided, personnel is NOT part of the marketing mix.
Question 8 Report
Which of the following types of insurance is usually excluded from the principle of indemnity?
Answer Details
The principle of indemnity in insurance states that an insured should not profit from a loss but rather be restored to their financial position prior to the loss. This principle is applied to prevent the insured from benefiting financially from an insurance claim.
Among the options provided, Life Insurance is usually excluded from the principle of indemnity. In the case of life insurance, it is not possible to quantify the loss of life in monetary terms and therefore indemnification in its traditional sense does not apply. Instead, life insurance works on a principle of paying out a specified sum when the insured event (death or specified incident) happens.
Other types of insurance like Fire, Fidelity Guarantee, and Marine are indemnity-based, meaning the payout aims to cover the actual financial loss. For example, if a fire damages property, the insurance payout is based on the value of the property destroyed. Similarly, fidelity guarantee insurance covers loss due to employee dishonesty, and marine insurance compensates for damage or loss of goods during transit. Therefore, these fall under the principle of indemnity.
In summary, life insurance is excluded from the principle of indemnity because it deals with the incalculable loss of a life by providing a predetermined benefit rather than a directly quantifiable financial covering of loss.
Question 9 Report
A ship which has no fixed schedule and travels wherever it can find cargoes to carry is a
Answer Details
A ship that does not have a fixed schedule and travels wherever it can find cargoes to carry is known as a tramp ship.
Here's why it is called a tramp ship:
Tramp ships operate differently from other types of vessels, such as liners or ferry boats. They do not follow a set route or schedule. Instead, they are flexible and can go to any port where there is cargo to be transported. This means that their operations are based on demand rather than a predetermined timetable.
To put it simply, a tramp ship is like a freelance vessel that looks for cargo opportunities and travels based on where the work is, rather than sticking to a specific route or timeline. This provides a degree of freedom and responsiveness to market demands that fixed-schedule ships, like liners, do not have.
Question 10 Report
Answer Details
In the context of business-related law, let's examine each of the given areas to identify the one that is generally **not directly linked** to business:
From this analysis, it is clear that the concept of **possession**, although important in its own right, is generally **not as directly related to business** as the other areas mentioned, which are closely involved in business operations and transactions.
Question 11 Report
Obi received a cheque for #1000 from Mr. Ade and this cheque was stolen. He must
Answer Details
If Obi received a cheque from Mr. Ade and it was stolen, the appropriate course of action would be to inform Mr. Ade to tell his bank to stop payment on the cheque. Here’s why:
1. Informing Mr. Ade: Obi should immediately inform Mr. Ade because the cheque belongs to Mr. Ade and he is the one who can authorize the bank to stop payment. The cheque is drawn from Mr. Ade's account, so his bank is the one that needs to be notified to prevent the cheque from being cashed by an unauthorized party.
2. Stopping Payment: By stopping the payment, Mr. Ade ensures that if someone tries to cash or deposit the stolen cheque, the bank will reject it, thus preventing any unauthorized withdrawal of funds from Mr. Ade's account.
3. Legality and Authorization: Obi cannot directly stop payment with Mr. Ade's bank because he is not the account holder, and the bank will not act on Obi’s request without Mr. Ade's authorization.
4. Request for Replacement: Once Mr. Ade has successfully stopped payment on the stolen cheque, Obi can politely request Mr. Ade for a replacement cheque, assuming the situation is amicable and Mr. Ade is willing to issue another cheque.
In summary, the first step is to inform Mr. Ade so he can take the necessary action with his bank.
Question 12 Report
The rights of the consumers does NOT include
Answer Details
In discussing the rights of consumers, it's important to recognize that these rights are intended to ensure fair treatment, safety, and access to necessary information. Let's look closely at the options provided to determine which one does not align with consumer rights:
The right to fix prices: However, this is not a consumer right. **Consumers do not have the right to set or fix the prices of goods and services.** ^Pricing is usually determined by companies, influenced by factors like production costs, market demand, and competition.^ While consumers can compare prices and make choices based on their budget and preferences, the **determination of prices is not within their rights**.
In summary, **the correct answer is that consumers do not have the right to fix prices**. This responsibility lies with businesses and is regulated to prevent practices like price fixing, which can harm consumer interests.
Question 13 Report
The document which gives complete information about the goods sold is the
Answer Details
The document that provides complete information about the goods sold is the invoice.
An invoice is a detailed statement provided by the seller to the buyer containing important information regarding the sale of goods. Here’s why it is deemed so comprehensive:
In contrast, the order form is a document generated by the buyer to request goods but doesn't contain the details of the actual sale. A delivery note accompanies goods to confirm delivery but lacks pricing and terms. Lastly, a bill of exchange is a financial document used for payment agreements, not for detailing goods sold.
Therefore, the invoice is the key document providing complete information about the goods sold.
Question 14 Report
The main objective of nationalization of industries is to
Answer Details
Nationalization of industries is primarily aimed at bringing an industry under state ownership and control. This means that the government takes ownership of certain industries or sectors, rather than leaving them in private or foreign hands.
There are several reasons a government might choose to nationalize an industry:
1. Ensure National Control: Nationalization is used to ensure that important industries, such as natural resources or critical infrastructure, remain under national control and are protected from foreign influence or exploitation.
2. Social Welfare: The state can prioritize social welfare over profit by ensuring that essential goods and services (like electricity, water, and healthcare) are accessible and affordable to all citizens.
3. Economic Stability: By owning and controlling key industries, the government can directly influence economic activities, stabilize markets, and support strategic economic goals. This can include preventing firms from liquidation in cases where those firms are crucial for national economic stability.
4. Redistribution of Wealth: Nationalization can be a tool for redistributing wealth, particularly if industries are previously owned by a small, wealthy segment of the population or foreign entities.
5. Promote Employment: The government may aim to maintain or increase employment opportunities in crucial industries by keeping them operational and under state management.
Overall, while making profits for the government can be a benefit of nationalization, the primary objective is often that of exercising control over key industries for the aforementioned strategic and social reasons.
Question 15 Report
Answer Details
The relationship between a country's visible imports and exports in a trading year is known as the balance of trade.
To understand this concept, think of it as a way to measure how much a country is buying from other countries (imports) compared to how much it is selling to other countries (exports). When we talk about "visible" imports and exports, we refer to tangible goods like cars, food products, electronics, etc., that you can see, touch, and feel.
The balance of trade is essentially the difference in value between a country's visible exports and visible imports. If a country exports more than it imports, it has a trade surplus. Conversely, if it imports more than it exports, it has a trade deficit.
This concept is crucial because it gives insights into a country's economic health. A trade surplus might indicate a strong economy, whereas a trade deficit might suggest dependency on other nations for goods.
In summary, the balance of trade helps us understand the economic relationship between a country and its trading partners by showing whether the country has a surplus or deficit in its visible goods trade. Other terms like counter trade, international trade, and balance of payment have different meanings in economics and should not be confused with the balance of trade.
Question 16 Report
Prospectus in relation to a public limited inability company means
Answer Details
In the context of a public limited company, a prospectus refers to a formal document that is issued by the company to provide essential information to potential investors. It serves as an invitation to the public to buy shares in the company.
The main purpose of the prospectus is to help potential investors make informed decisions about whether or not to invest in the company's shares. It typically contains details such as:
The prospectus is a crucial document because it ensures transparency and allows investors to assess the potential risks and rewards involved in purchasing shares from the company.
Question 17 Report
Which of the following is NOT part of Pre-Sales Service/ice?
Answer Details
Pre-sales services are the activities and support provided to potential buyers before the actual sale takes place. These services aim to assist customers in making informed purchasing decisions and to facilitate a smooth sales process. They typically include activities such as providing information about the products, answering inquiries, and assisting with product selection. However, granting credit or hire purchase sales facilities is not typically considered a pre-sales service.
Question 18 Report
Which of the following advertising media preselects its readership through the nature of its content?
Answer Details
The advertising medium that preselects its readership through the nature of its content is the magazine.
Magazines are designed to cater to specific interests and demographics, meaning they often attract readers who are interested in particular topics or subjects. For instance, there are magazines on hobbies like photography, fashion, technology, sports, and many more. Because they focus on specific themes, they naturally draw in an audience that is interested in those areas. Advertisers can use magazines to reach a target audience that aligns with their product or message.
In contrast, other media such as billboards, handbills, and newspapers are generally more broad and do not specifically tailor their content to a particular interest group. For example, newspapers cover a wide range of topics like news, sports, and entertainment, reaching a more general audience. Billboards and handbills aim to capture anyone who happens to see them.
Question 19 Report
Answer Details
An agreement that is enforceable in law is called a contract.
Here's why:
1. A contract is a legal agreement between two or more parties. Each party agrees to do or not to do something in exchange for some benefit, typically referred to as consideration. In simpler terms, it's a promise or set of promises that the law will enforce.
2. For an agreement to be considered a contract, it generally must contain the following elements:
3. Unlike a decree or a declaration which are generally formal statements or orders typically issued by a government or authority, or an offer which is a proposal but not yet binding, a contract actively binds the parties involved and can be enforced by law. If one party fails to fulfill their stipulated duties, the other can seek legal remedies.
Question 20 Report
The deliberate throwing of some goods into the sea to prevent the ship from sinking is an example of
Answer Details
The scenario you described is an example of a general average loss. This term is used in maritime law and insurance. It refers to a situation where part of the cargo or equipment is deliberately sacrificed or damaged to save the rest of the ship and its cargo from imminent danger. In this case, the throwing of some goods into the sea is done to prevent the ship from sinking, which benefits all parties involved. As a result, the losses are shared proportionally among all stakeholders, such as the shipowner and cargo owners. This shared approach to dealing with loss is known as a general average loss.
Question 21 Report
Transfer of ownership of goods sold under Hire Purchase System takes place when
Answer Details
Under the Hire Purchase System, the transfer of ownership of goods occurs when the buyer completes all the terms of the agreement. Specifically, this means that the ownership is transferred only when the final instalment is paid. Until the final payment is made, the ownership of the goods remains with the seller or the finance company facilitating the hire purchase. This arrangement allows the buyer to use the goods while making payments in instalments, but the buyer does not become the legal owner until they fulfill the entire payment commitment. Therefore, **the final payment is crucial** for the change of ownership, ensuring that all obligations under the agreement are satisfied.
Question 22 Report
Closing stock is also known as
Answer Details
Closing stock is also known as Ending Inventory. It refers to the amount of inventory or stock that remains unsold at the end of an accounting period. This can include raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. Closing stock is important for financial reporting, as it affects the cost of goods sold and, ultimately, the company's profit. It is calculated by taking into account all the inventory purchases and subtracting the cost of goods that have been sold during the period. To express it simply, closing stock is what is left over after sales have been accounted for.
Therefore, the correct and precise term for closing stock is Ending Inventory.
Question 23 Report
When the price quoted includes all the cost to the actual destination, that is, from the seller's warehouse to the buyer's warehouse. it is called
Answer Details
When the price quoted includes all the costs from the seller's warehouse to the buyer's warehouse, it is referred to as "Franco".
In the context of goods transportation and sales, "Franco" means that the seller is responsible for all the costs associated with delivering the goods to the buyer's specified location. This includes packaging, loading, transportation, and unloading costs. Basically, the buyer does not have to worry about any extra charges that might occur while the goods are being transported. The seller takes care of everything until the goods reach the buyer's destination.
In contrast, terms like "Loco price" and "Carriage paid" have different conditions regarding the division of responsibilities and costs between the buyer and seller. For instance, "Loco price" typically involves the buyer bearing the cost of picking up the goods from the seller's location, while "Carriage paid" implies that the seller pays the carriage charges up to a certain point.
Overall, "Franco" provides a convenient option for buyers who prefer not to handle the logistics of moving goods from the seller to their final destination.
Question 24 Report
The body charged with the responsibility monitoring the quality of goods supplied is the
Answer Details
The body responsible for monitoring the quality of goods supplied is the Nigerian Standards Organization. This organization, also known as the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON), is charged with setting and ensuring compliance with product quality standards for goods in the country. Their primary role is to develop and implement standards that help safeguard both consumers and the environment by ensuring that products are safe, reliable, and of good quality.
The SON conducts inspections, tests, and other evaluative measures on products to ascertain their quality. Additionally, they educate manufacturers and stakeholders about necessary standards and oversee adherence to these standards in production and distribution processes. Through these activities, the organization aims to protect consumers from harm, fraudulent practices, and low-quality products, while also enhancing the competitiveness of Nigerian goods both locally and internationally.
Question 25 Report
A contract in which all parties to the contract have carried out their obligation is said to be terminated by
Answer Details
A contract in which all parties have fully met their obligations is said to be terminated by performance.
Here's an explanation:
Question 26 Report
Answer Details
In the event of winding up, a company's assets are used to settle its debts and obligations in a specific order of priority. Understanding who gets paid last among the given options involves recognizing the hierarchy of claims. Here's a comprehensive explanation:
1. Debenture holders: Debenture holders are considered creditors of the company. They have a debt claim on the assets of the company. As creditors, debenture holders are paid before any shareholders.
2. Preference Shareholders: Preference shareholders have preferential rights over the assets of the company compared to ordinary shareholders during liquidation. This means they are paid before ordinary shareholders but after all creditors, including debenture holders.
3. Cumulative Preference Shareholders: Similar to preference shareholders, cumulative preference shareholders also have preferential rights over ordinary shareholders. Furthermore, if any preference dividend was missed in previous years, cumulative preference shareholders have the right to receive these unpaid dividends before ordinary shareholders are paid.
4. Ordinary Shareholders: Ordinary shareholders are the last to receive anything from the distribution of a company's assets. This is because they are the owners of the company and bear the most risk. If any assets remain after all debts, liabilities, and preferential claims are settled, this residual is distributed among ordinary shareholders.
In conclusion, **ordinary shareholders** are paid last in the event of a company's winding up. This hierarchy reflects the risk-reward principle where ordinary shareholders take the highest risk but also have the potential for the highest reward if the company performs well.
Question 27 Report
The aid to trade which enables producer and consumer to transact business without physical contact is known as
Answer Details
The aid to trade that enables a producer and consumer to transact business without physical contact is known as communication.
To understand why, consider the following: Communication is a process that involves the exchange of messages, ideas, and information. With modern technology, such as telephones, emails, and the internet, communication allows people from various locations to interact and conduct business seamlessly. This eliminates the necessity for face-to-face meetings.
For example, a consumer can order a product online and communicate with the seller via chat or email. Similarly, a producer can advertise a product to a global audience through digital platforms without any need for physical presence. These exchanges are facilitated primarily by effective communication.
Question 28 Report
All the following are principles of insurance EXCEPT
Answer Details
In insurance, there are several fundamental principles that ensure the contractual agreement between the insurer and the insured is fair and effective. Among these principles, three are well-known:
Insurable Interest: This principle states that the insured must have a financial stake in the object or life insured. The policyholder should suffer a financial loss if the insured event occurs. This ensures that insurance is not a mere gambling proposition.
Utmost Good Faith (Uberrimae Fidei): Both parties involved in an insurance contract are required to disclose all relevant information truthfully. The insured must reveal all material facts, and the insurer should provide honest terms and conditions.
Subrogation: After compensating the insured for a loss, the insurer may step into the shoes of the insured to seek recovery from a third party responsible for the loss. This principle prevents the insured from profiting more than once for the same loss.
On the other hand, the term "Particular Average" is not one of the fundamental principles of insurance. Instead, it is a maritime insurance term used to describe partial loss or damage to a ship or its cargo that is not shared by all parties but borne only by the individual whose cargo was damaged. Therefore, among the options provided, "particular average" is the exception as it is not a principle of insurance.
Question 29 Report
The principle of insurance which ensures that an individual is restored to his former position after suffering a loss is
Answer Details
The principle of insurance that ensures an individual is restored to his former position after suffering a loss is the principle of indemnity. This principle is based on the idea that insurance is meant to compensate for the financial loss or damage suffered, and nothing more. It ensures that the insured party is not put in a better position than they were before the loss. The goal is simply to bring the insured back to the status they were at before the loss occurred. In essence, indemnity prevents the insured from profiting from an insurance claim, ensuring that they are compensated fairly and justly for their actual loss.
Question 30 Report
Answer Details
In an organization, welfare services are those that aim to improve the well-being and satisfaction of employees, providing them with a supportive and healthy working environment. Welfare services often include amenities or benefits that contribute directly to employees' health, happiness, and overall work-life balance.
Let's examine each option:
Considering the above definitions, training is NOT typically regarded as a welfare service in an organization. Unlike the other options, which focus on employee well-being, training emphasizes enhancing performance and skill sets to benefit organizational goals.
Question 31 Report
A public limited liability company is owned by
Answer Details
A Public Limited Liability Company is owned by shareholders. These are individuals or entities that own shares in the company. Each share represents a portion of ownership, so the more shares an individual or entity owns, the more ownership they have in the company. Shareholders have the right to vote on important company matters, including the election of the board of directors and major company policies.
It is important to note that although the shares of a public limited liability company are available for purchase by the general public on the stock exchange, the term "general public" refers to potential or current investors and does not mean that the general public owns the company. Ownership is exclusively linked to those who buy shares, making them shareholders.
Neither the government nor debenture holders own the company. The government may regulate the company but does not hold ownership unless it has explicitly purchased shares. Debenture holders are lenders to the company, holding debt instruments rather than equity, so they do not have ownership rights. Their relationship with the company is typically based on the repayment of debt with interest, rather than ownership.
Question 32 Report
An agent held responsible for non-payment of goods bought by the customer he introduced to his principal is called agent
Answer Details
The agent responsible for non-payment of goods bought by the customer he introduced to his principal is called a del-credere agent.
This type of agent provides an additional guarantee or assurance to their principal that customers introduced by them will pay for the goods purchased. If the customer fails to pay, the del-credere agent is liable and must cover the payment to the principal. This arrangement reduces the risk for the principal regarding customer payments.
Here's a simple breakdown:
Question 33 Report
The service rendered by NIPOST in which letters are addressed to any post office to await collection by the addressee is known as
Answer Details
The Free post service allows individuals to send letters or parcels to any post office without the need to pay for postage upfront. The addressee can then collect the item from the designated post office upon presentation of proper identification.
Question 34 Report
Answer Details
The term "caveat emptor" is a Latin phrase which translates to "let the buyer beware." This principle is used primarily in property transactions and essentially means that the buyer assumes the risk of the quality and condition of the item purchased, unless it is covered by a warranty. In simple terms, it emphasizes the responsibility of the purchaser to examine and evaluate what they are buying. It is a warning that the buyer should be cautious and perform any necessary due diligence prior to completing a transaction. Sellers are not obligated to volunteer details about the products or properties they sell unless asked by the buyer or required by law.
Question 35 Report
The first Nigerian enterprises promotion decree was promulgated in
Answer Details
The Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree of 1973, also known as the Indigenization Decree, was a significant policy implemented by the Nigerian government aimed at promoting indigenous participation and ownership in the country's economy. The decree outlined provisions for the transfer of ownership and control of certain businesses from foreign owners to Nigerian citizens.
Question 36 Report
A tax paid on goods manufactured and consumed in your country is called
Answer Details
The type of tax that is paid on goods that are manufactured and consumed within a country is called excise duty.
Excise duty is essentially a tax on the manufacturers of certain goods and products within the country. It is typically levied on goods that are considered either luxurious or harmful if over-consumed, such as cigarettes, alcohol, or fuel. The government imposes this tax to either limit the consumption of these goods, to increase government revenue, or both.
This tax is different from custom duty or income tax. Custom duty is charged on goods that are imported into a country, whereas income tax is charged on individuals' or entities' earnings.
Question 37 Report
One of the following does NOT fit into the group.
Answer Details
In order to determine which of the options does not fit into the group, we should first classify each of them based on their primary nature or sector.
Agriculture involves the cultivation of land and breeding of plants and animals to provide food, fiber, and other products used to sustain and enhance life. It primarily falls under the category of primary industry that deals with the extraction and harnessing of natural resources directly from nature.
Fishing also involves extracting biological resources directly from nature, specifically aquatic life from water bodies. Like agriculture, it is categorized under primary industry and focuses on the direct procurement of resources provided by nature.
Mining is the extraction of minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, and it is considered a part of primary industry as well. It involves the direct extraction of non-renewable resources from nature.
Carpentry, on the other hand, is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping, and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, etc. Carpentry is considered a part of the secondary industry, which involves manufacturing and processing of raw materials into finished goods or products.
Therefore, Carpentry does not fit into the group because, unlike agriculture, fishing, and mining, it is not a primary industry activity. It belongs to the secondary industry, which focuses on the transformation of raw materials into finished products.
Question 38 Report
A bill of exchange sold for less than its face value before maturity is said to be
Answer Details
A bill of exchange that is sold for less than its face value before maturity is said to be discounted.
Here's a simple explanation: A bill of exchange is a written order used in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party at a predetermined future date or on demand. When you hold a bill of exchange and decide to sell it before its maturity date, you usually sell it for less than its full value. This is because the buyer is taking on the risk of waiting for the maturity date to receive the full amount, and they are compensated for taking that risk by paying less than the bill's face value.
This process is known as discounting the bill of exchange. The amount you receive in the sale is called the discounted value, while the difference between the face value and the discounted value is known as the discount. Discounting is a common financial practice and allows the holder of the bill to get immediate funds, albeit at a lesser amount than the bill's face value.
Question 39 Report
The term "consumer sovereignty" means that the consumer is a
Answer Details
The term "consumer sovereignty" indicates that the consumer is considered a king in the market. This concept emphasizes the power and freedom consumers have to influence the goods and services that are produced in a market economy. Essentially, businesses strive to fulfill the desires and needs of consumers because their satisfaction and demand determine what should be produced. In this role, the consumer wields the power to make decisions based on preferences, effectively guiding the market dynamics. Companies that understand their consumers well and meet their needs are more likely to succeed.
Question 40 Report
The documents sent by the suppliers of good to a prospective buyer, informing him of what to pay if he buys the good is
Answer Details
The document sent by suppliers of goods to a prospective buyer, informing him of what to pay if he buys the goods is called an invoice. An invoice is a commercial document that itemizes all the products or services provided by the seller, as well as the prices. It typically includes important details such as the list of goods, quantities, agreed-upon prices, any discounts or taxes, and the total cost that the buyer needs to pay.
Invoices serve multiple purposes: they act as a request for payment, provide a clear record of a sale, and can be used for accounting and taxation purposes. By receiving an invoice, the prospective buyer is informed of the amount they need to pay if they decide to purchase the goods.
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