JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2022

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One of the contributions of Islam to women's welfare is the introduction of inheritance. In Islam, women have the right to inherit property and assets from their families, which was a significant advancement in women's rights at the time. This means that women could own and control property, which gave them financial independence and security. The Qur'an specifies the portions of an estate that each heir is entitled to receive, including the wife, daughter, and mother. This contribution of Islam to women's welfare helped to empower women and improve their status in society.

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Q. 4:34 enjoins the wife not only to be obedient but also to maintain her chastity.

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Excellent or sound traditions are grouped under Sahih.

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The statement above was made by Waraqah b. Nawfal. Waraqah b. Nawfal was a cousin of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and a scholar of the Christian scriptures. According to Islamic tradition, when Prophet Muhammad first received the revelation, he was deeply distressed and went to his wife, Khadija. She then took him to Waraqah, who recognized the signs of prophethood and confirmed to Muhammad that he was indeed a Prophet of Allah. The statement is Waraqah's response to Prophet Muhammad's description of the events that took place during his first revelation. Waraqah acknowledges the truth of Muhammad's prophethood and swears to support him in the face of the persecution that he knows is sure to come. Waraqah's words demonstrate his faith and dedication to the cause of Allah and his support for Prophet Muhammad in spreading the message of Islam.

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Malik b. Anas is not an author of Sihahus-Sitta. The term "Sihahus-Sitta" refers to the six most authentic collections of Hadith in Sunni Islam, and the authors are commonly known as the "Kutub al-Sittah" or the "Six Books". These six books are: 1. Sahih al-Bukhari, compiled by Imam Bukhari 2. Sahih Muslim, compiled by Muslim b. al-Hajjaj 3. Sunan Abu Dawud, compiled by Abu Dawud 4. Jami at-Tirmidhi, compiled by at-Tirmidhi 5. Sunan an-Nasa'i, compiled by an-Nasa'i 6. Sunan Ibn Majah, compiled by Ibn Majah Malik b. Anas is the author of the Muwatta, which is also a collection of Hadith but is not considered one of the Sihahus-Sitta.

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Out of 300,000 traditions collected by Imam Muslim, he selected 9,200.

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A Hadith whose message is directly from Allah is called Qudsi Hadith. Qudsi Hadiths are considered a category of Hadith in which the message is attributed to Allah, but the wording is conveyed by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Unlike the Prophet's own words, which make up the majority of Hadiths, Qudsi Hadiths are considered to be directly inspired by Allah. In Qudsi Hadiths, the Prophet conveys Allah's message in his own words, but he begins the Hadith with phrases such as "Allah says" or "Allah has said" to indicate that the message is not his own, but rather, a direct revelation from Allah. Qudsi Hadiths are considered to be very important in Islam, as they provide direct insight into the words and message of Allah. However, it is essential to ensure that Qudsi Hadiths are authentic and properly transmitted, just like any other Hadith, to ensure that the message being conveyed is truly from Allah.

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The Makkan Surah with the main objective of reassuring the Prophet (SAW) at a time of distress is Surah ad-Duha. Surah ad-Duha is the 93rd chapter of the Qur'an and was revealed in the early days of the Prophet's mission in Makkah when he was feeling distressed and anxious. The Prophet had not received any revelations from Allah for a long time, and the disbelievers were mocking him and calling him a liar. In this Surah, Allah reassures the Prophet (SAW) that He has not forgotten him and that his efforts will not go to waste. Allah tells the Prophet that He has blessed him with many favors and will continue to do so. The Surah is a beautiful reminder to the Prophet that he is not alone and that Allah is always with him. Therefore, among the given options, Surah ad-Duha is the Makkan Surah with the main objective of reassuring the Prophet (SAW) at a time of distress.

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In Islamic belief, the blow of the trumpet at the time of resurrection is the duty of the angel Israfil. Israfil is one of the four archangels in Islamic tradition and is responsible for blowing the trumpet, also known as the Sur, at the time of resurrection. According to Islamic belief, when the trumpet is blown for the first time, all living beings on earth will die. When it is blown for the second time, all beings will be resurrected to stand before Allah for judgment. The Quran describes the event of the trumpet being blown in Surah Ya-Sin, "And the Horn will be blown; and at once from the graves to their Lord they will hasten" (Quran 36:51). Therefore, it is believed that the angel Israfil is responsible for blowing the trumpet at the time of resurrection, as it is his designated duty in Islamic theology.

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When the Angel Jibril first came to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and asked him to recite, he replied with the words, "I cannot read" or "I am not a reader." This happened when the Prophet (SAW) was meditating in the cave of Hira before he received the first revelation from Allah. The Angel Jibril asked the Prophet (SAW) to recite the words of Allah, and he responded by saying that he was unable to read or recite. This answer showed the Prophet's (SAW) humility and his acknowledgement of his lack of knowledge and education. It also emphasized the divine nature of the message that he would later receive, which would be a miracle in itself. After this initial encounter, the Angel Jibril continued to come to the Prophet (SAW) with messages from Allah, which were later recorded in the form of the Qur'an. This event marked the beginning of the revelation of the Qur'an and the establishment of Islam as a religion.

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The verse that describes the essence of Allah is Ayatul Kursiyy. Ayatul Kursiyy is a verse from the Quran, which is located in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 255. It is a powerful and profound verse that describes the greatness and majesty of Allah, the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. The verse starts with "Allahu la ilaha illa huwa," which means "Allah, there is no god but He." This statement emphasizes the oneness of Allah and affirms His existence as the only deity worthy of worship. The verse goes on to describe the attributes of Allah, including His sovereignty, knowledge, power, and mercy. It also highlights His role as the Protector of the believers and His ability to encompass and sustain all of creation. Overall, Ayatul Kursiyy is a beautiful and powerful verse that serves as a reminder of Allah's greatness and our dependence on Him. It is often recited as a means of seeking protection and guidance from Allah and is considered one of the most important verses in the Quran.

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Hudhayfah b. Yamani is associated with the standardization of the Qur'an.

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The Nisab is important because it is the basis of "zakat", which is one of the five pillars of Islam. Zakat is an obligatory charity that every eligible Muslim must pay to help those in need. The Nisab is the minimum threshold of wealth that a Muslim must possess before being required to pay Zakat. In other words, if a person's wealth exceeds the Nisab, they are obligated to pay Zakat. The Nisab amount is determined by the value of gold or silver and is updated regularly. This threshold ensures that Zakat is paid only by those who can afford it, and it helps to distribute wealth more fairly within the Muslim community.

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The Dower (Sadaq) is a sum of money or other property which becomes. payable by the husband to the wife as an effect of marriage. The Quran ordains: "And give the women ( on marriage) their dower as a free gift." ( 4:4) In another. Hence it is the property of the wife.

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The correct meaning of Tafsir is a detailed explanation and commentary of the Glorious Qur'an. Tafsir involves the interpretation and explanation of the meanings of the verses of the Qur'an, including their linguistic, historical, and cultural contexts. Tafsir is an important field of Islamic scholarship, as it helps readers to understand the deeper meanings of the Qur'an and to apply its teachings to their daily lives. Tafsir can also shed light on the historical and cultural context in which the Qur'an was revealed, and can help to clarify any confusing or ambiguous passages. The process of Tafsir involves the use of a wide range of tools and techniques, including the study of Arabic grammar and syntax, the examination of historical and cultural contexts, and the comparison of different translations and interpretations of the Qur'an. Tafsir is typically carried out by Islamic scholars who have undergone extensive training in Islamic theology and law. Overall, Tafsir is an important discipline within the Islamic tradition, as it helps to deepen our understanding of the Qur'an and its teachings, and allows us to apply its timeless wisdom to our lives.

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Absolute obedience to the Prophet's teachings is stated in An-Nawawi Hadith 41.

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"Maliki yawmid-Din" is translated as "the King of the Day of Judgement" in English. This phrase is part of the opening chapter of the Islamic holy book, the Quran, and is recited during daily prayers by Muslims all over the world. It is a declaration of faith in Allah as the King and ultimate Judge on the Day of Judgement, when all humans will be held accountable for their deeds in this life. The phrase acknowledges that Allah is the ultimate authority and ruler over all things, and that on the Day of Judgement, only He can grant forgiveness and mercy to those who have faith and have done good deeds.

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Most Makkan Suwar (also known as Meccan surahs) are characterized by being short and poetic. These surahs are part of the Holy Quran and were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) during his time in Mecca before he migrated to Medina. The Makkan Suwar are generally considered to be earlier revelations and are known for their rhythmic and melodic language that is easy to recite and memorize. These surahs often focus on the fundamental beliefs of Islam, such as the oneness of God and the message of the prophets, and they often use metaphor and allegory to convey their message.

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Mubah is an Arabic word that refers to actions that are considered to be permissible or allowed in Islam. These are actions that are not explicitly forbidden in the Qur'an or Hadith, and as such, they are not considered to be sinful or wrong. The acquisition of knowledge is considered to be a mubah action because it is encouraged and highly valued in Islam. By gaining knowledge, a person can improve their understanding of their faith and become a better person. On the other hand, actions such as smoking and shaking hands while greeting are not specifically defined as mubah or haram (forbidden) in Islamic teachings, but they may be discouraged or restricted based on the interpretation of different scholars.

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The employment of scholars of Arabic as envoys by kings and emperors was one of the ways by which Islamic civilization was manifested in West Africa

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According to Hadith 34 of an-Nawawi, the weakest of faith is changing an evil with the heart. This hadith teaches that faith is not merely a matter of ritual observance, but also involves moral responsibility. It highlights the importance of actively resisting evil and promoting good in both our actions and our thoughts. The hadith states that the strongest level of faith is to change an evil with our hands, meaning to physically intervene and stop the wrongdoing. The next level of faith is to change an evil with our tongue, which involves speaking out against the wrongdoing. The weakest level of faith is to change an evil with our heart, which means recognizing the evil as wrong but not taking any action to stop it. Therefore, the weakest level of faith according to this hadith is changing an evil with the heart, where a person acknowledges that something is wrong but does not take any action to stop it. This highlights the importance of taking proactive steps to promote good and prevent evil, both in our actions and in our thoughts.

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Imam Malik ibn Anas was born in the city of Madinah in what is now Saudi Arabia. He was born in the year 711 CE and lived in Madinah for most of his life. Imam Malik is known as one of the most important scholars of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad). He is the eponym of the Maliki school of Islamic law, which is one of the four major schools of thought in Sunni Islam. Imam Malik's birthplace of Madinah was a significant city in early Islamic history, as it was the site of the first Muslim community established by the Prophet Muhammad after his migration from Makkah. Madinah is also the location of the Prophet's Mosque, which is one of the most important sites in Islam and is visited by millions of Muslims from around the world each year.

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Upon washing hands and elbow, the next is to wash the feet.

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The Arabs worshipped idols during the Jahiliyya period because they were ignorant of the true concept of God's existence. The Jahiliyya period refers to the time in Arabia before the advent of Islam, when the Arabs were steeped in ignorance and practiced idolatry. They worshiped statues and idols made of wood, stone, and other materials, and believed that these idols had the power to benefit or harm them. The Arabs at that time had no knowledge of the true concept of God, and their understanding of religion was limited to superstitious practices and beliefs. They believed in many gods and goddesses and associated various powers with them. Despite the presence of some prophets among them, the Arabs did not pay heed to their message and continued in their idolatrous ways. As such, they remained in ignorance until the arrival of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the revelation of the Qur'an, which taught them the true concept of God and called them to worship Him alone. Therefore, among the given options, the Arabs worshipped idols during the Jahiliyya period because they were ignorant of the true concept of God's existence.

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The option that was not part of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah is "Muhammad (SAW) should not be recognized as leader." The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was a peace agreement signed between the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the leaders of Mecca in the year 628. The treaty contained several terms, including: - There should be no war between the Muslims and the Meccans for ten years. - Muhammad (SAW) and his followers would return to Medina that year and postpone their pilgrimage to Mecca until the following year. - Any Meccan who wanted to join Muhammad (SAW) would be allowed to do so, but any Muslim who wanted to return to Mecca would not be permitted to do so. - The two sides would maintain peace and refrain from attacking each other's allies. The treaty was a significant turning point in the history of Islam, as it allowed Muhammad (SAW) and his followers to peacefully coexist with the Meccans and led to a period of increased growth and expansion for the Muslim community.

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The prayer that is not observed between Isha and Fajr is istisqa. Istisqa is a special type of prayer for seeking rain from Allah. It is not a regular, daily prayer like the other options. Tahajjud, Shaf'i and witr are all regular prayers that are performed at night after Isha and before Fajr.

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The principle of Ijbar refers to the right of a father or guardian to give out his daughter or ward in marriage without her consent. This principle is recognized in Islamic law but is subject to certain conditions.

One of the key conditions for the principle of Ijbar to be applicable is that the girl must have attained the age of maturity, which is generally considered to be around 9-10 years old. This means that the girl must be capable of understanding the implications of the marriage contract and the duties and responsibilities that come with it.

In addition, the father or guardian must ensure that the marriage is in the best interests of the girl and that the groom is a suitable match for her.

This includes considerations such as the groom's character, financial situation, and physical and mental health.

The consent of the mother is not a requirement for the principle of Ijbar, although it is generally recommended that the mother be consulted and informed about the marriage.

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The devotee who intends to pray must also ensure the cleanliness of the place where they pray. This means that the area should be free of dirt and clutter and the floor should be clean. This creates a peaceful and respectful environment for prayer, which helps the devotee to focus and connect with their higher power.

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The 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah is known as Yawm al-Tarwiyah because it marks the day when the pilgrims in Hajj prepare themselves for the main day of Hajj, which is the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, also known as the Day of Arafah. Tarwiyah means "to quench thirst" or "to water", and it is named as such because in the past, pilgrims used to fill their water containers in Mina on this day in preparation for the day of Arafah. On the 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the pilgrims put on the Ihram clothing and proceed to Mina, a small town near Mecca, where they spend the night in tents. This is where the pilgrims rest and prepare for the rituals of Hajj that will take place the following day. Although no major Hajj rites are performed on the 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah, it is a significant day for Hajj pilgrims because it marks the beginning of the Hajj rituals, and it is a day of spiritual preparation and reflection for the pilgrims before the Day of Arafah. The pilgrims spend the night in Mina in preparation for the next day, where they will head to the plains of Arafah to perform the most important Hajj ritual, which is standing on the mountain of Arafat in supplication to Allah.

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Abu Bakr, who was a close companion of the Prophet Muhammad and the first caliph of Islam, was nicknamed "as-Sadiq" due to his truthfulness. This nickname, which means "the truthful" in Arabic, was a testament to his reputation for being honest, sincere, and trustworthy in both his words and actions. Throughout his life, Abu Bakr was known for his unwavering commitment to speaking the truth, regardless of the circumstances or consequences. This quality was highly valued in Arabian culture and earned him widespread respect and admiration among the early Muslim community.

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Reference to a special night is made in Surat al-Qadr. Surat al-Qadr is the 97th chapter of the Qur'an and is named after the Arabic word for "power" or "decree." This chapter references a special night known as the Night of Power, which is considered to be one of the most holy and blessed nights in Islam. The Night of Power is believed to have taken place during the last ten days of the month of Ramadan, and it is believed that on this night the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. The Surat al-Qadr emphasizes the importance of this night and encourages Muslims to seek its blessings and to spend it in prayer and devotion.

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An Hadith is referred to as "da'if" because it has defects in its chain of transmission (isnad) and/or the text of the tradition (matn). This means that one or more of the transmitters in the chain of transmission may not be reliable or the text of the tradition may contain inconsistencies or contradictions. A hadith is considered da'if or weak because its authenticity is not guaranteed, and it may not be used as evidence in Islamic legal or theological discussions.

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In 628 CE, 1,394 years ago, the treaty of Hudaybiyyah was signed; it is considered a landmark in Islam's history. What happened in Hudaybiyyah was a kind of peace treaty signed by the idolaters of Mecca and the Muslims. It was signed in the village of Hudaybiyyah, located about nine miles (14.5 km) outside Mecca, thereby acknowledging the equality of Muslims as bargaining partners.

It included terms such as the observance by both parties of a ten year period of peace.

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The pre-Islamic practice of shigar was a custom that involved the exchange of sisters in wedlock between two different families or tribes. Essentially, this meant that a man from one family would marry a woman from another family, and in exchange, his sister would be married to a man from the other family. This practice was seen as a way to strengthen ties between the two families or tribes, but it was also seen as a form of exploitation and a violation of women's rights. Islam abolished this practice because it was considered to be unfair and demeaning to women. Instead, Islam emphasized the importance of free choice and consent in marriage, and encouraged marriages based on love, mutual respect, and shared values. In Islamic tradition, marriage is seen as a sacred and joyful union between two people who choose to be together, and the practice of shigar is no longer considered to be a legitimate or acceptable form of marriage.

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The second hadith in an-Nawawi's collection teaches that it is righteousness to worship Allah as if one is seeing Him physically. This means that one should strive to be in a constant state of mindfulness of Allah's presence and try to visualize Him in their mind's eye while worshipping. The hadith emphasizes the importance of sincerity and devotion in one's worship. When a person performs acts of worship while visualizing the presence of Allah, it creates a deeper sense of connection and humility, and encourages them to perform their acts of worship to the best of their ability. By striving to worship Allah as if one is seeing Him physically, a person also develops a sense of accountability and responsibility for their actions. It helps them to stay conscious of their deeds and intentions, and reminds them that Allah is always watching and aware of everything they do. Overall, the second hadith in an-Nawawi's collection teaches the importance of mindfulness and sincerity in worship, and highlights the benefits of striving to worship Allah as if one is seeing Him physically.

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The divine attribute of omnipotence is implied in the attribute of "al-Qadir" (the All-Powerful). This means that Allah has the power and ability to do anything that is logically possible, including creating the universe, sustaining it, and controlling everything within it. Allah's power is limitless and absolute, and He can do anything without any constraints or limitations. This attribute is a fundamental belief in Islam and is emphasized throughout the Quran. It is important to note, however, that Allah's power is always exercised in accordance with His wisdom and justice, and is not arbitrary or capricious.

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This is followed by iqra warabbukal Akram.

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The Qur'an is considered to be of divine nature, which means that it is believed to be a direct message from God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years. This belief in the divine nature of the Qur'an gives it a special status and authority in the Islamic faith, and it is considered to be the word of God, unchanged and unchanged over time. The Qur'an's divine nature is also one of the reasons why it is considered to be so important and why Muslims hold it in such high regard. The Qur'an is memorized, recorded and protected by Muslims, which ensures its authenticity and ensures that its message remains unchanged over time, making it an eternal source of guidance for Muslims.

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The initial idea to preserve the Glorious Qur'an was mooted by Abu Bakr As-Saddiq, who was the first Caliph (leader) of the Muslim community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. After the Prophet's death, many Muslims who had memorized the Qur'an died in the wars of apostasy. To prevent the loss of the Qur'an, Abu Bakr ordered the collection of all the verses that had been revealed to the Prophet and had been written down by his companions. This was done by Zaid b. Thabit, who was a close companion of the Prophet and one of the foremost Quranic scholars of his time. The collected verses were then compiled into a single book, known as the Mushaf, which became the standard text of the Qur'an.