JAMB UTME - History - 2021

Lyttleton significance in the political development of Nigeria was that, he ______

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The division of Sokoto caliphates into emirates is due to ________

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The division of the Sokoto Caliphate into emirates was primarily due to geographical reasons. The Sokoto Caliphate was a vast empire that covered a large area of what is now Northern Nigeria, and it was ruled by an Islamic leader known as the Sultan. However, as the Caliphate expanded, it became increasingly difficult for the Sultan to effectively govern such a large territory from one centralized location. Therefore, the Sultanate was divided into smaller emirates, each with its own Emir who was responsible for administering the affairs of the local population in his domain. This helped to bring governance closer to the people, making it easier to provide for their needs and address their concerns. While the Sokoto Caliphate was established through a Jihad war led by Usman Dan Fodio, the division of the empire into emirates was not due to this war or the autocratic rule of Dan Fodio. Instead, it was a practical solution to the challenge of governing a large and diverse territory effectively.

The Ogboni cult in the Yoruba pre colonial Adminstration played the role of

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The Ogboni cult in the Yoruba pre-colonial administration played the role of the judiciary. The Ogboni cult was a secret society made up of elders who were highly respected in Yoruba society. They were responsible for settling disputes and enforcing customary law, which governed many aspects of Yoruba life. The cult was involved in the administration of justice, settling civil and criminal cases, and had the power to enforce punishments, including the death penalty. They were highly regarded for their wisdom and impartiality, and their decisions were considered final. The Ogboni cult also had a religious function, performing rituals and sacrifices to honor the gods and ancestors.

The Economic Commision of West African States (ECOWAS) has its adminsitrative headquarter in ______

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The administrative headquarters of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is located in Abuja, which is the capital city of Nigeria. ECOWAS is a regional intergovernmental organization that was established to promote economic cooperation and integration among the 15 countries in West Africa. The headquarters in Abuja serves as the central administrative hub for ECOWAS, where important decisions and policies are formulated and implemented. The location of the headquarters in Nigeria was a result of a decision made by the founding fathers of ECOWAS, who recognized Nigeria's leadership and influence in the region.

The indirect rule system succeeded in Huasa/Fulani society because the

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The indirect rule system succeeded in Hausa/Fulani society primarily because the existing administration favored the system. The British colonial government recognized the existing hierarchical and decentralized political structure in the society and chose to rule indirectly through local rulers instead of imposing direct rule. Additionally, the fact that many people in the society received Islamic education also facilitated the acceptance of the system, as it aligned with the Islamic principle of submitting to legitimate authority. The size of the region or whether the society was practicing anarchy were not the main factors contributing to the success of the indirect rule system.

The people of Nupe mainly derive their source of livelihood from?

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The Mahdiyya movement was fundamental because __________

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All the following are reasons for military intervention in Nigeria except

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The reason that does not fit as a reason for military intervention in Nigeria is "regular promotion of military officers." Military intervention usually occurs when there is a perceived threat to the stability of the country, such as political instability, social unrest, or economic crisis. It is not typically a result of the routine promotions of military officers.

Which administration favoured decoloniation as self-determination of African states.

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The administration that favored decolonization as self-determination of African states was the Murtala/Obasanjo regime. This administration was in power in Nigeria from 1975 to 1979. General Murtala Mohammed was the military head of state, and General Olusegun Obasanjo was his deputy. The Murtala/Obasanjo regime was known for its Pan-Africanism and commitment to the liberation of other African countries from colonial rule. The administration strongly supported the movements for independence and self-determination in southern Africa, particularly in Angola, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. The regime also took a leading role in pushing for the end of apartheid in South Africa. The Murtala/Obasanjo regime was instrumental in establishing the Frontline States, a group of southern African countries that were committed to the liberation of the region from colonial rule. The regime provided military and financial support to the liberation movements in these countries, and also hosted meetings and conferences to coordinate their efforts. In summary, the Murtala/Obasanjo regime favored decolonization as self-determination of African states, and actively worked towards the liberation of other African countries from colonial rule.

All of these are independent Hausa city states in Nigeria except

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The last ruler of the Oguso dynasty in the Benin Empire was

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The last ruler of the Ogiso dynasty in the Benin Empire was Oba Owodo. The Ogiso dynasty ruled the Benin Empire before the Obas. According to Benin tradition, the Ogiso dynasty ended when the last Ogiso, Ogiso Owodo, was overthrown by his own chiefs, who then invited Prince Oranmiyan of Ife to rule as the first Oba of Benin. This event is said to have occurred around the 12th or 13th century. Therefore, Chief Oba Eweka, Oba Oromiyan, and Oba Eware were all Obas of Benin who came after the Ogiso dynasty.

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The system of government in the Benin pre-colonial era was a monarchy. The kingdom of Benin, located in what is now southern Nigeria, was ruled by an Oba or king who held absolute power over the kingdom. The king was considered a divine ruler and was believed to have been appointed by the gods. The king's power was maintained through a complex system of officials and councils, including a council of chiefs and a council of elders. These officials served as advisors to the king and helped to administer the kingdom's affairs. The monarchy was the dominant political system in Benin until it was replaced by a colonial system of government under British rule in the late 19th century.

The Nigeria colonial economy majorly depended on the exportation of _______

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The failure of the old Oyo empire was attributed to______

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The failure of the old Oyo empire can be attributed to multiple factors, including internal and external crisis, as well as the revolt of Kakanfo Afonja. The internal crisis included factors such as the struggle for power among different factions within the empire, while external factors such as attacks from neighboring states also contributed to its decline. The revolt of Kakanfo Afonja, who was a powerful military leader, also weakened the empire and eventually led to its collapse. The presence of the British in Yoruba land also had an impact, as it destabilized the political and economic structure of the empire. However, it is important to note that the failure of the old Oyo empire was not solely due to one factor but a combination of several factors.

All of these except one are the motives of the Britain for colonizing Africa during the imperialism?

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The motives of Britain for colonizing Africa during imperialism were political and military interest, economic interest, and humanitarian and religious goals. 1. Political and military interest: Britain wanted to expand its territory and gain strategic advantages over its rivals. They established colonies to serve as military bases, which allowed them to control important shipping routes and ports. Additionally, colonizing Africa gave Britain access to resources and raw materials that were essential for its industrial growth. 2. Economic interest: Britain was interested in the vast resources of Africa such as gold, diamonds, and other valuable minerals. They exploited the natural resources of Africa, exporting them to Britain and other countries. British colonies also provided a market for British manufactured goods, which fueled Britain's economic growth. 3. Humanitarian and religious goal: There were British citizens who believed that it was their moral and religious duty to bring civilization and Christianity to the people of Africa. Some British colonizers believed that they were helping to end slavery and bring about social and economic development in Africa. However, these humanitarian and religious goals were often used to justify the exploitation and oppression of African people. Social interest is not a motive for British colonization of Africa. While some British colonizers may have believed they were bringing social benefits to Africa, such as modern technology or education, these were not the primary motives for British colonization.

The colonialist officially left Nigeria so as to enable her self government in__________

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The last colonial governor general of Nigeria was_____________

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The last colonial governor general of Nigeria was James Robertson. He served as the governor general from 1960 to October 1, 1960 when Nigeria gained independence from British colonial rule. Governor generals were the representatives of the British monarch in the colonies and were responsible for overseeing the administration and governance of the colony. James Robertson was the last person to hold this position in Nigeria before the country became an independent nation.

Which of the following formalized colonial penetration into Africa?

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The Berlin Conference was the formalized colonial penetration into Africa. It was a meeting of European colonial powers held in Berlin, Germany in 1884-1885. During the conference, the European nations divided up Africa among themselves, with little regard for the existing ethnic and cultural borders of the African nations. The conference marked the beginning of the "Scramble for Africa," as European powers rushed to claim as much of the continent as possible for themselves. The decisions made at the Berlin Conference had a profound and lasting impact on Africa, shaping its borders and political landscape for decades to come.

Obasanjo regime established a drafting committee in 1975 and it began work in _________

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The office of the prime minsiter was first created by the

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Abacha regime saw to the termination of _________

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The Abacha regime oversaw the termination of Ernest Shonekan's government. Ernest Shonekan was appointed as the interim head of state by Ibrahim Babangida, who had stepped down from power in 1993. Shonekan was appointed with the mandate to organize new elections and return Nigeria to civilian rule. However, his government was short-lived as it was overthrown by Sani Abacha's military regime in November 1993, just three months after his appointment. Abacha assumed the position of military head of state and dissolved all democratic institutions, effectively ending the transition to civilian rule. Therefore, the correct answer is Ernest Shonekan.

Nigeria became a member of OPEC since ___________

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Nigeria became a member of OPEC since 1971. OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is an intergovernmental organization that coordinates and unifies the petroleum policies of its member countries. It was established in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971, eleven years after the establishment of the organization. Since then, Nigeria has been an active member of OPEC, contributing to the organization's objectives of stabilizing oil prices and ensuring a regular supply of petroleum to the global market. Nigeria is one of the largest oil producers in Africa, and its membership in OPEC has allowed it to collaborate with other oil-producing countries to achieve common goals.

The Jihad Uttsam Dan fodio launched in 1804 saw to the ___________ of Islam

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Imperialism was adopted by Europeans to

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who was the greatest ruler in the Kanem Borno empire?

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Mai Dunama Dibbalemi was considered the greatest ruler in the Kanem Borno Empire. He ruled the empire from 1221 to 1259 CE and during his reign, he expanded the empire's territory, strengthened its military, and oversaw a period of cultural and economic growth. Dunama Dibbalemi was known for his military prowess and strategic alliances, which allowed him to conquer neighboring territories and extend the empire's reach. He also established a new capital city, Njimi, which became the center of political and cultural life in the empire. Under his leadership, the Kanem Borno Empire became one of the largest and most powerful states in West Africa. In addition to his military and political accomplishments, Dunama Dibbalemi was also known for his support of learning and scholarship. He invited scholars and intellectuals from throughout the Islamic world to his court, and he sponsored the translation and study of classical texts in fields such as astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. This patronage of learning helped to make the Kanem Borno Empire a center of intellectual and cultural exchange in the region. Overall, Dunama Dibbalemi is considered the greatest ruler in the Kanem Borno Empire due to his many achievements in expanding the empire's territory, strengthening its military, and promoting learning and scholarship.

The history of Ethioipia in the 19th Century involve _______ number of fundamental process

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The method that was used by the Europeans to control the admininstration of the Southern Nigeria was

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The method that was used by the Europeans to control the administration of Southern Nigeria was "Divide and Rule". This approach involved dividing the people of Southern Nigeria along ethnic and regional lines in order to weaken their unity and make it easier to control them. By exploiting existing rivalries and tensions among different groups, the Europeans were able to maintain their dominance and prevent the emergence of a united front against their colonial rule. This approach was particularly effective in Southern Nigeria, which was home to a large number of diverse ethnic groups with their own distinct cultures and traditions. By playing one group against the other, the Europeans were able to maintain control over the entire region without facing significant resistance. Overall, the "Divide and Rule" method was a key strategy used by European powers during the colonial era to maintain their control over the regions they had conquered. While it was effective in achieving their goals of dominance, it often had long-lasting negative effects on the societies and cultures of the regions affected by this approach.

All these but one were not created in Abacha's region

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Three out of the four options listed were not created in Abacha's region. Ebonyi, Gombe, and Ekiti were created in 1996 during the military administration of General Sani Abacha. These three states were carved out of existing states, namely Abia, Bauchi, and Ondo States, respectively. On the other hand, Katsina State was not created during Abacha's administration. Katsina State was created on September 23, 1987, during the military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida. It was one of the states created to bring the total number of states in Nigeria to 21. Therefore, the only option that was not created in Abacha's region is Katsina State.

The first jihad in islam was launched in what year?

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The amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorate of Nigeria took place on

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The amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorate of Nigeria took place on 1 January, 1914. This was when the British colonial government merged the two separate territories of Northern and Southern Nigeria into one administrative unit. The aim of the amalgamation was to create a more efficient and centralized administration, and to better exploit the economic and natural resources of Nigeria. The merger was largely an administrative one, and did not immediately lead to a unified sense of national identity among Nigerians. However, it was a significant event in Nigeria's history, as it paved the way for the country's eventual independence in 1960.

The Mahdiyya movement in Sudan was a fundamental reaction against

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Indirect rule was first practised in ______ before it was introduced to Nigeria.

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Indirect rule was first practiced in India before it was introduced to Nigeria. Indirect rule is a system of governance where a colonial power rules a country through traditional rulers and local institutions. It was first introduced in India by the British during their colonial rule. The British adopted this system of governance to save on the cost of administration and also to make it easier to control their colonies by using local rulers and institutions to implement their policies. The British then introduced indirect rule to Nigeria in the early 20th century, after they had gained control over the country. They used traditional rulers and local institutions to help them govern the country, rather than ruling directly from the colonial center. The system was also used in other British colonies, including Malaya (now Malaysia) and Sudan. In summary, the practice of indirect rule was first introduced in India before it was later adopted in Nigeria and other British colonies.

The founder of the MAHDIA (MAHDIYA) MOVEMENT is?

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The founder of the Mahdia Movement is Muhammed Ahmad, also known as the "Mahdi." The Mahdia Movement was a religious and political uprising in the late 19th century in the Sudan region of Africa. Muhammed Ahmad claimed to be the "Mahdi," a prophesied figure in Islam who would bring about a just and righteous rule before the end of the world. He led a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire and the Egyptians, who were ruling over the Sudan at the time. His followers, known as the Ansar, were successful in establishing a theocratic state in the Sudan, with Muhammed Ahmad as its leader. The Mahdia Movement had a significant impact on the history of the Sudan and the wider Islamic world.

The Alaafin of Oyo was remarkable assisted usually by _________

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One of these is known to be the founding father of Nationalism in Nigeria?

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Herbert Macaulay is known to be the founding father of Nationalism in Nigeria. He was a prominent Nigerian nationalist, politician, and engineer who lived between 1864 and 1946. He was born in Lagos and was one of the earliest Nigerian students to study in the United Kingdom. Macaulay was a vocal advocate for the rights of Nigerians and used his platform as a journalist and politician to call for greater representation and self-rule. He founded the Lagos Daily News, which was the first newspaper owned and edited by a Nigerian, and also helped establish the Nigerian National Democratic Party in 1923, which was the first political party in Nigeria. Macaulay's activism and advocacy were influential in the struggle for Nigerian independence. He was a key figure in the constitutional conferences of the 1940s, which laid the foundation for Nigeria's independence in 1960. His legacy as the founding father of nationalism in Nigeria remains significant, and he is celebrated as a pioneer in the fight for self-rule and independence in Nigeria.

All of these but one is not part of the reasons why Europeans came to Nigeria?

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Out of these options, "Education" is not one of the main reasons why Europeans came to Nigeria. The other three options, Slava trade, Religion, and Commercialization, were some of the main reasons for European presence in Nigeria. Slave trade refers to the trade of African people as slaves to Europe and the Americas. Europeans came to Nigeria to capture and trade Africans as slaves. Religion refers to the spread of Christianity by European missionaries to Nigeria. They came to convert the local people to Christianity. Commercialization refers to the desire of Europeans to establish trade and commerce in Nigeria. They came to exploit the natural resources of Nigeria and trade with the local people. So, Education was not one of the main reasons for European presence in Nigeria.

The quest for self government was a motion proposed by ______ in ______

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The motion for self-government was proposed by Anthony Enahoro in 1953. Enahoro was a Nigerian politician who was part of the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) political party. He moved the motion for self-government in the Nigerian House of Representatives, which called for Nigeria to be granted self-rule in a period of no more than five years. The motion was seconded by several other members of the House of Representatives and sparked a national conversation about Nigerian independence, ultimately leading to Nigeria gaining independence from Britain in 1960.

The Nationalist organization formed in Nigeria in the late 1930s was the

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Which of the following is incorrect.?

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The civil war between Yakubu Gowon and Odumegwu Ojukwu was mainly as a result of __________

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