JAMB UTME - Geography - 2019

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The world's leading producer of cocoa is Ghana. Cocoa is a key ingredient used in the production of chocolate and many other sweet treats. Ghana is one of the largest exporters of cocoa in the world, with over 20% of global cocoa production coming from Ghanaian farms. Cocoa is grown in several regions of the country, with the Ashanti region being the largest cocoa-producing region in Ghana. The favorable climate and soil conditions in Ghana make it an ideal location for growing cocoa, which is why it has become such an important industry in the country. Cocoa production plays a significant role in the Ghanaian economy, providing jobs and income for many people.

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The Harbel Plantation in Liberia is noted for large-scale production of rubber. Rubber is a material made from the sap of rubber trees, which is collected, processed, and turned into various products such as tires, gloves, and rubber bands. The Harbel Plantation is significant because it was one of the first large-scale rubber plantations in Liberia, established in the early 20th century by the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. The plantation continues to produce rubber to this day and has played an important role in the development of the country's rubber industry.

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Bayanin Amsa

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Warm ocean currents flow from the equator to the poles. These currents carry warm water from the equator, where the water is heated by the sun, to areas closer to the poles, where the water releases heat to the atmosphere and cools down. This movement of warm water helps regulate the Earth's climate by transferring heat from the equator to other parts of the planet.

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The likely policy to encourage massive importation of goods into a country is the relaxation of currency control. Currency control refers to the regulations and restrictions placed on the use of a country's currency by its government. Relaxation of currency control means that the government is loosening its restrictions on the use of the country's currency, making it easier for people and businesses to buy goods from other countries. When currency controls are relaxed, it becomes easier for people and businesses to exchange their local currency for foreign currency to pay for imports. This can lead to an increase in the importation of goods into the country.

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The Ruhr coalfield is located in Germany. Specifically, it is located in the western part of the country, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The area is known for its rich deposits of coal and was a major source of coal for Germany during the Industrial Revolution. Today, many of the mines have been closed, but the region still has a strong industrial presence and is home to many factories and businesses.

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The prairies of North America are temperate grasslands. Temperate grasslands are areas with grass as the dominant vegetation and located in regions with moderate temperatures, not too hot or too cold. The prairies of North America are located in the central part of the continent and are characterized by their rolling hills, fertile soil, and abundant grasses. This grassland ecosystem supports a variety of wildlife, including bison, pronghorns, and coyotes, and has played a significant role in the history and culture of the United States and Canada.

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The Udi hills can be considered as a good example of a cuesta landscape in Nigeria. A cuesta is a type of landform that is formed from the erosion of layered rocks. It is characterized by a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other side. The Udi hills have this characteristic and are composed of sandstone and shale, which have been tilted and eroded over time, forming the cuesta landscape. This area is also known for its scenic beauty and rich cultural heritage, making it an interesting place to visit.

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The highest category of rural settlement is a village. A village is a small, rural community that typically consists of a group of houses and other buildings, surrounded by farmland. People in a village often have close-knit relationships and rely on each other for support. Villages often have a central area where people gather for social events and activities, such as a village green or town square. Villages may also have basic amenities such as a school, a post office, and a general store. In comparison, a homestead refers to a house and the surrounding land that is used for farming or other agricultural purposes. A hut is a small, simple dwelling, often made of natural materials like mud or thatch. A hamlet is a small settlement, similar to a village, but with a smaller population and fewer amenities.

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Soil texture is primarily determined by the particle sizes of the mineral components in the soil. These mineral particles can range in size from large rocks to tiny clay particles. The three main particle size classes that determine soil texture are sand, silt, and clay. Sand particles are the largest, ranging in size from 0.05 to 2.0 millimeters. Silt particles are smaller, ranging from 0.002 to 0.05 millimeters. Clay particles are the smallest, less than 0.002 millimeters in size. The proportion of these particle sizes in the soil determines its texture. Soil texture is an important factor that affects many soil properties, including water-holding capacity, drainage, nutrient availability, and the ability of roots to grow. Soil texture is also used as a basis for soil classification, with different textures having different names, such as sandy loam, clay loam, and silty clay.

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Zambia is a country in Africa that is well-known for its production of copper. Copper is a metal that is widely used in many industries, and Zambia is one of the largest producers of this metal in Africa. In Zambia, copper is extracted from the ground and then processed into different forms, such as wire, pipes, and other products. The mining industry is a major contributor to the economy of Zambia, and the country's copper mines help to provide jobs and support the local economy.

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The best way to prevent a watershed from degradation is through forest reservation. Watersheds are areas of land that drain into a common body of water, such as a river or a lake. Forest reservation refers to the process of setting aside and protecting areas of forest from human activities that may cause harm to the ecosystem. Forests are important in watersheds because they help regulate water flow, filter pollutants, and provide habitat for wildlife. Fuel wood extraction and crop production can cause harm to watersheds if they are not managed sustainably. Fuel wood extraction can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity, which can in turn impact water quality and quantity. Crop production can lead to the use of fertilizers and pesticides that can runoff into the water, causing pollution. Inter-basin transfer is the process of diverting water from one basin to another. While it can be a solution to water scarcity, it can also have negative impacts on watersheds, including altering natural water flow, disrupting ecosystems, and reducing water availability downstream. In summary, forest reservation is the best way to prevent watershed degradation as it helps to maintain the natural ecosystem functions that are important for water quality and quantity.

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The development of climax vegetation in the savannah belt of Nigeria is mainly disturbed by bush burning. This is because frequent burning of the grassland destroys the vegetation cover, which can prevent the establishment of trees and other woody plants that are characteristic of climax vegetation. Bush burning also leads to a reduction in soil nutrients, making it difficult for plants to grow. Although activities such as lumbering, mining, and animal grazing can also contribute to the disturbance of climax vegetation, they are not the main cause. Lumbering and mining, for example, involve the removal of trees and vegetation, but these activities are typically limited in scale and do not occur as frequently as bush burning. Animal grazing can also have an impact on vegetation, but it is usually managed in a way that allows for the recovery of the grassland. Therefore, it is the frequent and uncontrolled practice of bush burning that is the primary cause of disturbance to the development of climax vegetation in the savannah belt of Nigeria.

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Among the options given, the most influential factor in the location of textile and footwear industries is abundant cheap labor. Textile and footwear industries require a large labor force to produce goods at a low cost. If a country has a large supply of labor willing to work for low wages, it can attract textile and footwear industries to set up factories in its territory. This is because labor is usually the largest cost for these industries, and a country with cheap labor can offer cost advantages to manufacturers. Raw materials are also important for these industries, but they can be imported from other countries if they are not available locally. Energy supply and low interest rates may also affect the cost of production, but they are less critical factors than the availability of cheap labor. In summary, countries with a large supply of cheap labor have an advantage in attracting textile and footwear industries because they can offer low production costs to manufacturers, making their products more competitive in the global market.

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Nigeria has entered into trade agreements in petroleum products and gas with some West African countries. This means that Nigeria has agreed to trade its petroleum products and gas with certain countries in West Africa. The exact countries involved in the agreement may vary, but the goal is to increase trade and cooperation between Nigeria and its neighbors in West Africa.

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The climate described, with a long wet season of up to 10 months, high annual rainfall of 3000mm, and a mean monthly temperature of at least 26°, is most likely a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Tropical monsoon climates are characterized by a distinct dry season and a long, wet season, with most of the precipitation falling during the wet season. The mean monthly temperature in this climate is high, generally above 18°C, and typically exceeds 26°C during the wet season. In contrast, tropical humid (Af) climates are characterized by a year-round high rainfall, with no distinct dry season, and mean monthly temperatures generally above 18°C. Tropical wet and dry (Aw) climates have distinct dry and wet seasons, with the dry season lasting longer than in the monsoon climate. Warm humid subtropical (Cfa) climates have hot summers and cool winters, with precipitation distributed throughout the year. These climates are found in the subtropics and have a mean temperature of at least 10°C in the coldest month.

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The group of hardwoods that are suitable for railway sleepers in Nigeria is "mahogamy, obeche, and iroko". These hardwoods are known for their durability and strength, making them ideal for use as railway sleepers which need to withstand the weight of trains and the harsh outdoor environment. Mahogany is a dense and durable hardwood that is known for its strength and resistance to decay, making it a popular choice for railway sleepers. Obeche is a lightweight hardwood with good stability and strength, making it a good choice for railway sleepers that need to be lightweight yet strong. Iroko is a durable hardwood that is resistant to decay and weathering, making it an ideal choice for outdoor use, such as railway sleepers.

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The pair of countries where conurbation is most highly developed is USA and England. Conurbation refers to the merging of two or more previously separate cities into a single continuous urban area. This process is most highly developed in the USA and England due to their history of urbanization and industrialization. The cities of London and New York are two of the largest conurbations in the world and serve as centers of finance, commerce, and culture. These cities have grown and expanded over time to include many surrounding suburbs, creating a vast, interconnected metropolitan area.

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A cirque is an example of a landform produced by glaciation. A cirque is a bowl-shaped depression on a mountainside with steep walls formed by glacial erosion. As a glacier moves down a mountain, it erodes the bedrock through a combination of abrasion and plucking. Abrasion occurs when the glacier grinds against the bedrock and wears it away, while plucking occurs when the glacier freezes onto the bedrock and pulls it away as the glacier moves downhill. Over time, this erosion can form a deep, steep-sided hollow or cirque on the mountainside. Cirques are often the starting point for the formation of other glacial landforms, such as u-shaped valleys and horn peaks. As a glacier continues to erode the mountainside, it can deepen and widen the cirque, creating a u-shaped valley. If multiple glaciers erode back-to-back cirques on a single mountain, it can leave behind a horn peak or a jagged, triangular peak at the mountain summit. Overall, cirques are a classic example of a landform produced by the slow, powerful forces of glaciation.

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The igneous rock with distinct grains of mica, feldspar, and quartz is granite. Granite is a type of igneous rock that is formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. It is composed of several minerals, including quartz, feldspar, and mica. These minerals give granite its characteristic speckled appearance and make it a popular choice for building and decorative purposes. Mica is a shiny mineral that appears in thin, flat sheets and gives granite its distinctive glittery look. Feldspar is a group of minerals that are very common in igneous rocks and make up the majority of granite's composition. Quartz is a hard, mineral that is often found in igneous rocks and contributes to granite's durability. In summary, if you find an igneous rock with distinct grains of mica, feldspar, and quartz, it is most likely granite.

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The main catalyst in the economic development of Japan was a combination of factors, including a large pool of skilled manpower, favorable geographic location with extensive coastlines conductive to shipping, and abundant mineral deposits that allowed for the growth of various industries. Additionally, the government played a crucial role in promoting economic growth through policies that encouraged investment and trade. The combination of these factors allowed Japan to rapidly develop into one of the largest and most technologically advanced economies in the world.

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The rock that is formed by wood subjected to pressure and heat is called "lignite". Lignite is a type of coal that is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content and carbon content. Lignite is formed from partially decomposed plant material that has been subjected to increasing amounts of pressure and heat over time. As the plant material becomes buried and compressed, it eventually transforms into lignite through a process called coalification. Therefore, lignite is a sedimentary rock that is formed from the compressed and heated remains of plants, including wood. It is typically brownish-black in color and has a relatively low density compared to other types of coal.

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To calculate the birth rate of a country, we need to divide the number of registered births by the total population of the country and then multiply by 100 to get a percentage. In this case, the number of registered births is 3,000,000, and the total population of the country is 150,000,000. So the birth rate is (3,000,000 / 150,000,000) x 100, which simplifies to 2%. Therefore, the answer is%, meaning that the birth rate of the given country is 2%.

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Kano is a major population center in Nigeria because of its early religious and economic significance. Kano has been a center of trade and commerce for centuries, and its location along the trans-Saharan trade routes made it an important stop for merchants and traders. Additionally, Kano has a rich history of Islam, with the city serving as a center of Islamic learning and culture. These factors, combined with its large population of Hausa-speaking indigenes, have helped make Kano one of the largest and most populous cities in Nigeria.

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Bayanin Amsa

If M is due west of station N, it means that M is directly to the left of N when you are facing North. In terms of bearings, due west corresponds to a bearing of 270°. To understand why, imagine standing at station N and facing North. You can think of bearings as angles measured in a clockwise direction from North. A bearing of 0° would correspond to due North, a bearing of 90° would correspond to due East, and so on. Since M is due west, it is directly to your left when you are facing North, which means it is 90 degrees to your left. If you add 90° to the 180° bearing of due South, you get 270°, which is the bearing of M from N. So, the correct answer is 270°.

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The Obudu Plateau in the Cross River Basin is economically noted for several activities, including cattle ranching, tourism, tea and coffee plantations, and exploitation of forest resources. However, one of the most notable economic activities in the Obudu Plateau is cattle ranching. The plateau's cool and suitable climate makes it an ideal location for cattle farming and the rearing of other livestock. Tourism is also another important economic activity in the Obudu Plateau. The plateau is known for its beautiful landscapes, waterfalls, and other natural attractions that draw tourists from all over the world. In addition to these, the Obudu Plateau also has tea and coffee plantations, which are grown and processed for local and international consumption. The exploitation of forest resources is also an important economic activity, as the plateau is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Finally, the generation of hydroelectricity is also a notable economic activity in the Obudu Plateau, as the high altitude and abundant water resources provide ample opportunities for the generation of hydroelectric power.

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The region with the least population density is the Eurasian Tundra. The tundra is a cold, barren landscape located in the northern hemisphere, spanning across parts of Alaska, Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. This region is characterized by extremely harsh weather conditions, including long, cold winters and brief, cool summers. The soil is also poor in nutrients and unable to support much plant life, making it difficult for people and animals to survive. As a result, the population density in this region is very low and only a small number of people live there.

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Bayanin Amsa

The desert country with high population density supported by irrigation is Egypt. Egypt is located in the northeastern part of Africa and is mostly covered by the Sahara desert. Despite the desert conditions, Egypt has a high population density due to the Nile river that runs through the country. The Nile river provides water for irrigation, which has allowed for the cultivation of crops and supported the growth of a population in what would otherwise be an uninhabitable region. The ancient Egyptians were able to take advantage of the Nile's seasonal floods and develop a complex system of canals and irrigation to grow crops. Today, modern irrigation techniques have allowed Egypt to continue to support a high population density and grow crops such as wheat, cotton, and fruits.

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Bayanin Amsa

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The survival of an organism in a natural ecosystem depends largely on its adaptation to prevailing conditions. This means that the organism must be able to adapt to the environment in which it lives, in order to be able to survive and reproduce. This includes factors such as the availability of food and water, the presence of predators, the climate, and other environmental factors. When an organism is able to adapt to its environment, it is better able to compete with other organisms and increase its chances of survival.

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