JAMB UTME - Geography - 2019

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Warm ocean currents flow from the equator to the poles. These currents carry warm water from the equator, where the water is heated by the sun, to areas closer to the poles, where the water releases heat to the atmosphere and cools down. This movement of warm water helps regulate the Earth's climate by transferring heat from the equator to other parts of the planet.

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The likely policy to encourage massive importation of goods into a country is the relaxation of currency control. Currency control refers to the regulations and restrictions placed on the use of a country's currency by its government. Relaxation of currency control means that the government is loosening its restrictions on the use of the country's currency, making it easier for people and businesses to buy goods from other countries. When currency controls are relaxed, it becomes easier for people and businesses to exchange their local currency for foreign currency to pay for imports. This can lead to an increase in the importation of goods into the country.

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A river that enters the sea at a gently inclined costal plain where tidal waves are weak will most likely develop into a delta. A delta is a landform that is formed when a river deposits sediment at its mouth where it meets the sea. The sediment builds up over time, creating a triangular-shaped area that extends into the sea. The gently inclined costal plain and weak tidal waves allow the sediment to accumulate and build up the delta over time. This process can lead to the creation of new land, making the delta a valuable area for agriculture and human settlement.

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Bayanin Amsa

The Udi hills can be considered as a good example of a cuesta landscape in Nigeria. A cuesta is a type of landform that is formed from the erosion of layered rocks. It is characterized by a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other side. The Udi hills have this characteristic and are composed of sandstone and shale, which have been tilted and eroded over time, forming the cuesta landscape. This area is also known for its scenic beauty and rich cultural heritage, making it an interesting place to visit.

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The Sudd region has been highly valued for its biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. The Sudd is a vast wetland in South Sudan that covers approximately 30,000 square kilometers and is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. The wetland provides habitat for many endangered and endemic species, including birds, fish, and large mammals like the African elephant. In addition to supporting a rich array of wildlife, the Sudd is also an important source of water and food for local communities who rely on its resources for their livelihoods. Therefore, protecting the biodiversity of the Sudd is crucial for both ecological and human well-being.

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Bayanin Amsa

Urban and rural settlements are differentiated by their function and location. Urban settlements are typically characterized by a high population density and a high level of economic and social activity. They are usually located in or near large cities and serve as centers of commerce, industry, and culture. Urban areas often have a diverse range of amenities and services, including shops, restaurants, entertainment venues, and public transportation. Rural settlements, on the other hand, are typically characterized by a lower population density and a lower level of economic and social activity. They are often located in more remote or isolated areas and serve primarily as centers of agricultural activity. Rural areas may have fewer amenities and services than urban areas, but they often offer a quieter and more natural way of life. In summary, the main differences between urban and rural settlements lie in their function and location. Urban areas are characterized by high population density and a diverse range of economic and social activity, while rural areas are characterized by lower population density and a focus on agricultural activity.

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The rock that is formed by wood subjected to pressure and heat is called "lignite". Lignite is a type of coal that is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content and carbon content. Lignite is formed from partially decomposed plant material that has been subjected to increasing amounts of pressure and heat over time. As the plant material becomes buried and compressed, it eventually transforms into lignite through a process called coalification. Therefore, lignite is a sedimentary rock that is formed from the compressed and heated remains of plants, including wood. It is typically brownish-black in color and has a relatively low density compared to other types of coal.

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Bayanin Amsa

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Lowland plains may lead to an area being densely populated because they provide fertile land for agriculture, easy transportation and communication routes, and access to water sources. Lowland plains are typically flat, which makes it easier to build roads, buildings, and other infrastructure, and also makes it more conducive for farming. In addition, lowland areas tend to have more moderate climates and are less prone to natural disasters, such as floods or landslides, which can make them more attractive to settlers. Overall, the combination of fertile land, ease of transportation and communication, access to water sources, and favorable climate can all contribute to high population density in lowland areas.

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A population with low birth and death rates generally presents an aging population structure, meaning there are more older people compared to younger people. This results in an inverted population pyramid, where the base is narrow at the younger ages and wider at the older ages. This occurs because people are living longer and there are fewer newborns to replace them. This population structure has implications for social and economic systems, as it may lead to increased demands for healthcare and pension systems.

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The main catalyst in the economic development of Japan was a combination of factors, including a large pool of skilled manpower, favorable geographic location with extensive coastlines conductive to shipping, and abundant mineral deposits that allowed for the growth of various industries. Additionally, the government played a crucial role in promoting economic growth through policies that encouraged investment and trade. The combination of these factors allowed Japan to rapidly develop into one of the largest and most technologically advanced economies in the world.

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The merging together of a number of urban settlements will produce a conurbation. A conurbation is a region that consists of a cluster of adjacent metropolitan areas and their surrounding suburban and rural areas. It arises when multiple urban settlements grow and expand to the point where they merge and form a single continuous urban area. The resulting conurbation typically has a high population density and can span across several cities or even entire regions. Examples of well-known conurbations include the Greater London area in the UK, the Rhine-Ruhr region in Germany, and the BosWash corridor in the United States.

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Bayanin Amsa

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A common feature of Forcados, Bonny, and Eket in the Niger Delta is that they are all terminals for oil companies. These three locations are major hubs for the extraction, transportation, and export of crude oil in the region. Forcados, Bonny, and Eket are all situated along the coast of the Niger Delta, which is home to vast reserves of crude oil. Oil companies have established facilities at these locations to extract crude oil from the ground, transport it via pipelines or tankers, and export it to other parts of the world. The oil industry is a crucial part of the economy of the Niger Delta, and Forcados, Bonny, and Eket are all key players in this industry. While fishing is an important activity in the Niger Delta, these locations are not primarily known for their fishing ports. Similarly, while natural gas exports are an important part of the region's economy, Forcados, Bonny, and Eket are not the only locations where this takes place. Finally, while export processing zones do exist in the Niger Delta, this is not a defining characteristic of these three locations.

Bayanin Amsa

Bayanin Amsa

Temperature is the weather element that is controlled mainly by latitude. Latitude is a measurement of how far a place is from the equator, with the equator being at 0° latitude and the poles at 90° latitude. The closer a place is to the equator, the more direct sunlight it receives, and the warmer it tends to be. The further away from the equator a place is, the less direct sunlight it receives and the cooler it tends to be. This is why the tropics are warm and the poles are cold. So, in simple terms, latitude mainly affects temperature because it determines the amount of direct sunlight a place receives, which in turn affects its overall temperature.

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The highest lands in Nigeria are found on the Mambilla Plateau. The Mambilla Plateau is located in Taraba State in the eastern part of Nigeria, and it is the highest plateau in Nigeria. The plateau has an average elevation of about 1,524 meters (5,000 feet) above sea level, with some parts reaching as high as 1,830 meters (6,000 feet). The Mambilla Plateau is a popular tourist destination because of its cool climate, scenic beauty, and rich cultural heritage. The plateau is home to several ethnic groups, including the Mambilla people, who have a unique culture and traditional way of life. The plateau is also known for its rich agricultural potential and is a major producer of tea, coffee, and other crops. In summary, the Mambilla Plateau is the highest land in Nigeria, and it is located in Taraba State in the eastern part of the country. It has a high elevation and is a popular tourist destination known for its cool climate, scenic beauty, and rich cultural heritage.

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Zambia is a country in Africa that is well-known for its production of copper. Copper is a metal that is widely used in many industries, and Zambia is one of the largest producers of this metal in Africa. In Zambia, copper is extracted from the ground and then processed into different forms, such as wire, pipes, and other products. The mining industry is a major contributor to the economy of Zambia, and the country's copper mines help to provide jobs and support the local economy.

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The eucalyptus tree is native to Australia and is commonly found in the Australian woodland. Similarly, the teak tree is native to the monsoon forests in Southeast Asia. Just as the eucalyptus is a defining species of the Australian woodland, the teak is a defining species of the monsoon forest.

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The standard time of a country is determined by the longitude of its location on the Earth. A time zone is a region that has the same standard time, and time zones are typically defined as an offset from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). In this case, the country has a standard time of GMT + 1 hour, which means it is one hour ahead of the UTC. The longitude that corresponds to this time zone is the one located 15° east of the Prime Meridian, which runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, England. So, the local time adopted by the country is 15°E.

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The group of hardwoods that are suitable for railway sleepers in Nigeria is "mahogamy, obeche, and iroko". These hardwoods are known for their durability and strength, making them ideal for use as railway sleepers which need to withstand the weight of trains and the harsh outdoor environment. Mahogany is a dense and durable hardwood that is known for its strength and resistance to decay, making it a popular choice for railway sleepers. Obeche is a lightweight hardwood with good stability and strength, making it a good choice for railway sleepers that need to be lightweight yet strong. Iroko is a durable hardwood that is resistant to decay and weathering, making it an ideal choice for outdoor use, such as railway sleepers.

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The highest category of rural settlement is a village. A village is a small, rural community that typically consists of a group of houses and other buildings, surrounded by farmland. People in a village often have close-knit relationships and rely on each other for support. Villages often have a central area where people gather for social events and activities, such as a village green or town square. Villages may also have basic amenities such as a school, a post office, and a general store. In comparison, a homestead refers to a house and the surrounding land that is used for farming or other agricultural purposes. A hut is a small, simple dwelling, often made of natural materials like mud or thatch. A hamlet is a small settlement, similar to a village, but with a smaller population and fewer amenities.

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Bayanin Amsa

A cirque is an example of a landform produced by glaciation. A cirque is a bowl-shaped depression on a mountainside with steep walls formed by glacial erosion. As a glacier moves down a mountain, it erodes the bedrock through a combination of abrasion and plucking. Abrasion occurs when the glacier grinds against the bedrock and wears it away, while plucking occurs when the glacier freezes onto the bedrock and pulls it away as the glacier moves downhill. Over time, this erosion can form a deep, steep-sided hollow or cirque on the mountainside. Cirques are often the starting point for the formation of other glacial landforms, such as u-shaped valleys and horn peaks. As a glacier continues to erode the mountainside, it can deepen and widen the cirque, creating a u-shaped valley. If multiple glaciers erode back-to-back cirques on a single mountain, it can leave behind a horn peak or a jagged, triangular peak at the mountain summit. Overall, cirques are a classic example of a landform produced by the slow, powerful forces of glaciation.

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Lake Kivu and Lake Malawi are related in that they are both rift valley lakes. Rift valley lakes are formed when tectonic plates move apart, creating a depression that fills with water. Lake Kivu is located in the Albertine Rift, which is part of the East African Rift System, while Lake Malawi is located in the East African Rift. Despite their similarities, the two lakes are located in different parts of the African continent - Lake Kivu is located in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, while Lake Malawi is located in Malawi, Tanzania, and Mozambique.

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In surveying, the prismatic compass is primarily used to obtain bearings of features. It is a type of compass that has a prism attached to it, which allows the user to simultaneously see the compass needle and the object being sighted through the prism. By aligning the compass with the object and reading the bearing, the prismatic compass can determine the direction or angle of the object relative to magnetic north. This information is crucial for creating accurate maps and plans, as well as for navigating and orienting oneself in the field. While a prismatic compass may be capable of measuring other factors, such as horizontal distances or inclinations, its primary function is to obtain bearings of features.

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The Obudu Plateau in the Cross River Basin is economically noted for several activities, including cattle ranching, tourism, tea and coffee plantations, and exploitation of forest resources. However, one of the most notable economic activities in the Obudu Plateau is cattle ranching. The plateau's cool and suitable climate makes it an ideal location for cattle farming and the rearing of other livestock. Tourism is also another important economic activity in the Obudu Plateau. The plateau is known for its beautiful landscapes, waterfalls, and other natural attractions that draw tourists from all over the world. In addition to these, the Obudu Plateau also has tea and coffee plantations, which are grown and processed for local and international consumption. The exploitation of forest resources is also an important economic activity, as the plateau is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Finally, the generation of hydroelectricity is also a notable economic activity in the Obudu Plateau, as the high altitude and abundant water resources provide ample opportunities for the generation of hydroelectric power.

Bayanin Amsa

Bayanin Amsa

The pair of cities that have both a seaport and an international airport are Lagos and San Francisco. Lagos is the largest city in Nigeria, located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, and it is home to the Lagos Port Complex, which is one of the largest and busiest ports in Africa. Lagos is also served by the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, which is the main airport in Nigeria and serves as a hub for many airlines. San Francisco is a city in California, United States, located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The city is served by the Port of San Francisco, which is the fourth largest port in California and handles a variety of cargo, including containers, automobiles, and dry bulk. San Francisco is also served by the San Francisco International Airport, which is one of the busiest airports in the United States and a major gateway to Asia and the Pacific. Kampala and Mombasa, Rio de Janeiro and Johannesburg, and New York and Warri do not have both a seaport and an international airport. Kampala is the capital city of Uganda, located inland and does not have a seaport. Mombasa is a port city in Kenya located on the coast, but its airport, Moi International Airport, serves only domestic and regional flights. Rio de Janeiro is a coastal city in Brazil, known for its beautiful beaches and famous landmarks. The city has a seaport, the Port of Rio de Janeiro, which is one of the busiest ports in Brazil, but its airport, the Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport, serves mainly domestic and regional flights. Johannesburg is the largest city in South Africa and a major economic hub on the African continent, but it is not located on the coast and does not have a seaport. The city is served by the O.R. Tambo International Airport, which is the busiest airport in Africa and a major hub for international flights. New York is a major city on the East Coast of the United States, located on the Atlantic Ocean, and is home to the Port of New York and New Jersey, one of the largest ports in the world. However, its main airport, the John F. Kennedy International Airport, is an international airport that serves numerous destinations worldwide, but it does not have a seaport nearby. Warri is a city in Nigeria, located in the Niger Delta region, and is home to the Warri Port, which is one of the major ports in Nigeria. However, its airport, the Osubi Airstrip, is a small airport that serves only domestic flights.

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The Harbel Plantation in Liberia is noted for large-scale production of rubber. Rubber is a material made from the sap of rubber trees, which is collected, processed, and turned into various products such as tires, gloves, and rubber bands. The Harbel Plantation is significant because it was one of the first large-scale rubber plantations in Liberia, established in the early 20th century by the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. The plantation continues to produce rubber to this day and has played an important role in the development of the country's rubber industry.

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The best way to prevent a watershed from degradation is through forest reservation. Watersheds are areas of land that drain into a common body of water, such as a river or a lake. Forest reservation refers to the process of setting aside and protecting areas of forest from human activities that may cause harm to the ecosystem. Forests are important in watersheds because they help regulate water flow, filter pollutants, and provide habitat for wildlife. Fuel wood extraction and crop production can cause harm to watersheds if they are not managed sustainably. Fuel wood extraction can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity, which can in turn impact water quality and quantity. Crop production can lead to the use of fertilizers and pesticides that can runoff into the water, causing pollution. Inter-basin transfer is the process of diverting water from one basin to another. While it can be a solution to water scarcity, it can also have negative impacts on watersheds, including altering natural water flow, disrupting ecosystems, and reducing water availability downstream. In summary, forest reservation is the best way to prevent watershed degradation as it helps to maintain the natural ecosystem functions that are important for water quality and quantity.

Bayanin Amsa

Bayanin Amsa

The most densely populated city which is also the capital of a country in Africa is Cairo, the capital city of Egypt. Cairo is not only the largest city in Egypt but also in the entire African continent, with a population of over 9 million people. It has a very high population density of about 48,000 people per square kilometer, making it one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Cairo is located in the northeastern part of Egypt, along the banks of the River Nile, and it has been the political and cultural center of Egypt for centuries. The city is home to several historical and cultural landmarks such as the Great Sphinx, the Pyramids of Giza, and the Egyptian Museum, which attracts millions of tourists every year. Cairo's population density can be attributed to several factors, including the city's history, economic opportunities, and population growth. The city has experienced significant population growth over the years, with people from rural areas moving to the city in search of employment opportunities and a better quality of life. Additionally, the city's location along the Nile River has also contributed to its high population density, as it has facilitated the growth of agriculture and trade in the region. Overall, Cairo's high population density is a reflection of the challenges faced by many rapidly growing cities in developing countries, including urbanization, lack of adequate infrastructure, and limited resources.

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The survival of an organism in a natural ecosystem depends largely on its adaptation to prevailing conditions. This means that the organism must be able to adapt to the environment in which it lives, in order to be able to survive and reproduce. This includes factors such as the availability of food and water, the presence of predators, the climate, and other environmental factors. When an organism is able to adapt to its environment, it is better able to compete with other organisms and increase its chances of survival.