JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2013

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The companion who introduced Islam to North Africa through Egypt was Amr b. As. He was one of the early companions of the Prophet Muhammad and played an important role in the early spread of Islam. Amr b. As was a skilled military commander and diplomat, and he was sent by the Caliph Umar to conquer Egypt in 640 CE. He was successful in his mission and is credited with laying the foundation for the Islamic civilization in Egypt and North Africa. Under his leadership, the Arab armies defeated the Byzantine forces and established Muslim rule in Egypt. He also founded the city of Fustat, which later became the capital of Egypt and an important center of Islamic civilization. Amr b. As was known for his tolerance and respect for the local population, and he encouraged peaceful coexistence between Muslims and non-Muslims. He also played a key role in spreading Islam to other parts of North Africa, including Libya and Tunisia. In summary, Amr b. As was the companion who introduced Islam to North Africa through Egypt. He was a skilled military commander and diplomat who played an important role in the early spread of Islam in the region.

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The Qur'an is different from other revealed Books because it contains not only prayers, but also spiritual, moral, and social values. Unlike some other texts, it provides guidance on how to live one's life and interact with others in a way that is pleasing to God. Additionally, the Qur'an is unique in that it has the ability to help barren women conceive. While the Qur'an can be used for protection, it is not limited to that purpose alone. Overall, the Qur'an is a comprehensive guide for believers that addresses all aspects of life and offers a path towards spiritual fulfillment.

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Lending out money with interest in Islam is considered Ribā, which is prohibited in Islamic finance. Ribā refers to the charging or paying of interest on loans, and is considered to be exploitative and unjust, as it allows lenders to profit from the misfortunes of others and creates an unequal distribution of wealth. In Islamic finance, instead of interest-based loans, other financial instruments are used that are considered to be more in line with Islamic principles, such as profit and loss sharing, leasing, and deferred payment. These instruments allow for economic activity to be conducted in a way that is consistent with Islamic values, while still enabling individuals and businesses to obtain the funds they need to carry out their activities. Overall, the prohibition of Ribā is an important aspect of Islamic finance, and is seen as a means of promoting economic justice and fairness, while ensuring that financial transactions are conducted in a way that is consistent with Islamic principles.

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The entrenchment of an Islamic economic system is aimed at promoting equitable distribution of wealth. In Islam, economic activities are viewed as a means to achieve social justice and the overall betterment of society, rather than as an end in themselves. The Islamic economic system is based on principles of fairness, justice, and equality, and seeks to ensure that wealth is distributed in a just and equitable manner. One way that this is achieved is through the prohibition of certain forms of economic activity that are considered to be unjust or harmful to society, such as usury, speculation, and hoarding. Instead, the Islamic economic system emphasizes productive economic activity that generates real value and contributes to the betterment of society as a whole. Another important aspect of the Islamic economic system is the emphasis on charity and social welfare. Muslims are encouraged to give a portion of their wealth to those in need, and the state is responsible for providing social welfare programs to support the most vulnerable members of society. Overall, the aim of the Islamic economic system is to promote economic activity that is in line with Islamic values and principles, and to ensure that wealth is distributed in a just and equitable manner that benefits society as a whole.

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Allah's pleasure in this world and the hereafter can be obtained through following Shari'a. Shari'a refers to Islamic law, which governs all aspects of a Muslim's life. It includes the rules and regulations that Muslims must follow in order to live a life that is pleasing to Allah. By following Shari'a, Muslims believe that they are fulfilling their obligation to Allah and will be rewarded with His pleasure in this world and the hereafter. Physical exercises, writing Qur'an on a slate, and oratory are all good deeds that Muslims can perform to earn Allah's pleasure. However, these acts alone are not sufficient to ensure Allah's pleasure. Following Shari'a is the foundation upon which all good deeds must be built, and it is through this foundation that Muslims can strive to attain Allah's pleasure.

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The verse from the Quran (Q.3:26) describes Allah's political power as Sovereign. This means that Allah has complete control and authority over all political affairs and can give power to whoever He chooses and take it away from whoever He chooses. It emphasizes that Allah's power is absolute and ultimate, and no one can challenge or resist it. This understanding of Allah's political power is an essential aspect of Islamic belief and is reflected in the way Muslims view political authority and leadership.

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The outcome of the Prophet's visit to Cave Hira was the revelation of the Glorious Qur'an. It was here that the Prophet Muhammad received the first verses of the Qur'an from the angel Gabriel, marking the beginning of his prophetic mission. This event marked a turning point in the Prophet's life, and he went on to receive additional revelations from Allah over the course of several years, which were later compiled into the book known as the Qur'an.

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In addition to obedience to parents, one of the moral lessons in Q.17:23 is perseverance. The verse states, "Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him, and that you be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of honor." This verse highlights the importance of showing respect and kindness towards parents, even in difficult situations. Perseverance is necessary because it can be challenging to remain patient and respectful towards parents, especially when they are old and in need of constant care. The verse encourages us to persevere and continue to treat our parents with kindness, regardless of the difficulties we may face.

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The Sūrah that must be recited in every obligatory prayer is "al-Fātīhah," also known as "The Opening." It is considered the most important Sūrah in the Qur'an and is regarded as the "Mother of the Qur'an." The Sūrah consists of seven verses and serves as a brief introduction to the Qur'an as a whole. It expresses the central themes of the Qur'an, such as the oneness of God and the need for guidance and support from Him. Reciting "al-Fātīhah" in every prayer serves as a reminder of these important themes and helps to keep the focus of the individual on their faith and relationship with God.

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The first revelation to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was important because it marked the beginning of the dissemination of knowledge. This knowledge was about the oneness of God, the importance of worshiping Him alone, and the need for people to live a virtuous life. The first revelation was a message from God to the Prophet (SAW) that he was chosen to convey this message to all of humanity. The revelation was an explanation of knowledge that was previously unknown or unclear to the people of Arabia. By receiving the revelation and sharing it with others, the Prophet (SAW) played a crucial role in the dissemination of this knowledge, which ultimately led to the spread of Islam and the guidance of many people towards a better way of life.

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The core of Muhammad's (SAW) da'awah (call to Islam) in Makkah was on the unity of Allah. Muhammad (SAW) emphasized the belief in one God, Allah, and rejected the polytheistic beliefs and practices of the people of Makkah. He taught that Allah was the only God, the creator of the universe, and that all humans were equal in His sight. Muhammad (SAW) also called for a return to the values of sincerity, compassion, and justice, which were seen as fundamental to Islam. He encouraged people to forsake their old ways and embrace the teachings of Islam, and to unite under the banner of monotheism.

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The term Shari'ah refers to a path. In Islamic terms, Shari'ah refers to the body of Islamic law and moral principles that guide Muslims in their personal and collective lives. It is derived from the Qur'an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, and covers a wide range of topics, including ethics, economics, politics, and worship. The goal of Shari'ah is to help Muslims live in accordance with the will of Allah and to promote justice, fairness, and compassion in society.

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The similarity between the Jihad of Uthman b. Fodio and the Prophet's hijrah in 622 C.E was the inspiration from Allah. Both the Jihad of Uthman b. Fodio and the Prophet's hijrah were motivated by a strong belief in Allah and a desire to establish a just and fair society guided by Islamic principles. The leaders and followers of both movements were inspired by their faith to take action and make significant changes in their communities. They saw their actions as a way to fulfill their religious obligations and bring about a more equitable and just world.

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What differentiates Hadith Qudsi from Hadith Nabawi is the wording and teaching intended. Hadith Qudsi are sayings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in which he narrates words of Allah (SWT) using his own words, while Hadith Nabawi are sayings of the Prophet (SAW) that are not part of the Quran but offer guidance to Muslims. The words of Hadith Qudsi are considered to be the direct words of Allah (SWT) but are narrated through the Prophet (SAW) using his own words. Therefore, they hold a higher status than regular Hadiths, and their wording is more eloquent and poetic. On the other hand, Hadith Nabawi are sayings of the Prophet (SAW) that offer guidance on various aspects of life, including worship, social behavior, and ethical conduct. They provide practical guidance on how to live one's life in accordance with the teachings of Islam. The chain and reliability of the narrator is also important for both types of Hadiths, but what differentiates them is primarily the wording and teaching intended.

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Suratul Kawthar is a short chapter in the Quran that teaches Muslims the importance of worshipping Allah and being grateful to Him. The chapter reminds Muslims that Allah has blessed them with many gifts, including the gift of Islam, and therefore they should show their gratitude by worshipping Him and sacrificing for His sake. In particular, the chapter emphasizes the importance of performing acts of worship, such as prayer, fasting, giving charity, and performing pilgrimage to Mecca. Muslims should also strive to live a righteous life and fulfill their obligations towards Allah and their fellow human beings. Furthermore, the chapter encourages Muslims to be patient in the face of adversity and to remain steadfast in their faith, even in the most difficult of circumstances. It reminds them that Allah is always with them, and that He will reward them for their good deeds in this life and in the hereafter. Overall, Suratul Kawthar teaches Muslims the importance of worshipping Allah and sacrificing for His sake, and reminds them that their ultimate goal should be to seek His pleasure and approval in all aspects of their lives.

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Suratul Mā'ūn is a chapter of the Quran that talks about the importance of showing kindness and generosity towards others. It emphasizes the virtue of helping those in need and performing acts of charity. In this chapter, it is not the wealthy or the travelers who are discussed as privileged, but rather the givers - those who give to the needy and help others in any way they can. The chapter reminds us that it is not our wealth or status that matters, but rather our compassion and willingness to help others. The word "Mā'ūn" means "small kindnesses," and this chapter teaches us that even the smallest acts of kindness can have a big impact on someone's life. It is a reminder that we should always strive to help others and be grateful for what we have, as it is through giving that we receive blessings in return.

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The correct answer is Q.2:42. In this verse of the Quran, Jews are admonished to avoid mixing truth with falsehood. This means that they should not combine true statements with false statements in order to deceive others or to achieve their own goals. Instead, they should always speak the truth and avoid any form of deception or dishonesty. This advice is relevant not just for Jews, but for all people who value honesty and integrity in their communication with others.