JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018

The innermost section of the Earth is the__________

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The innermost section of the Earth is the core. The Earth's core is the central part of our planet, located beneath the mantle. It is composed primarily of iron and nickel, and is divided into two distinct layers: the outer core and the inner core. The outer core is a liquid layer that surrounds the solid inner core. The inner core is a solid, dense ball of metal that is about the size of the Moon. The core plays a crucial role in the Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect our planet from harmful solar radiation. The core also generates the heat that drives the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates, which causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Understanding the properties and behavior of the Earth's core is an important area of research in the field of geophysics.

What commodity is associated with OPEC?

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A form of chemical weathering is__________

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The form of chemical weathering is carbonation. Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering that occurs when carbon dioxide from the air reacts with minerals in rocks to form new compounds. This reaction causes the minerals in the rock to dissolve and the rock to become weaker and eventually break down into smaller pieces. This process is important in the formation of soil, as it helps break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles that can be easily transported and mixed into the soil.

The feature marked X in the diagram is a ________

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A sea stack is a geological land form consisting of a steep and often vertical column of rock in the sea near a coast.,formed by wave erosion.

The major environmental problem associated with Area marked Y is____________

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Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. South Eastern States of Nigeria are heavily affected by gully erosion due to their underlying geology and the serenity of their accompanied surface process.

Study the table given which shows the mean climatic conditions of station Q and answer the questions.

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The annual temperature range at station Q is calculated as the difference between the highest and the lowest temperature recorded in a year. The highest temperature recorded at the station in the given table is 19°C and the lowest temperature recorded is -11°C. Hence, the annual temperature range at the station Q is 19°C - (-11°C) = 30°C. So, the answer is 30°C.

One of the following is associated with wind deflation in arid region_________

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Deflation is an action of wind when it picks up or remove loose particles from an area and leaves a denuded surface covered with coarse material too large for wind transport. The most noticeable results of deflation in some places are shallow depressions called blowouts

The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulders during mechanical weathering is called________

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The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulder during mechanical weathering is called exfoliation. Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering process that occurs when layers of rock or boulder peel off from the surface due to pressure release. The process usually occurs in rocks that have been exposed to intense heat, pressure, and other environmental factors for a long time. As a result of these factors, the rock expands and contracts repeatedly, causing the surface layers to crack and break apart. Over time, these cracks become wider, and the layers begin to peel off, revealing the smooth and rounded boulder underneath. Exfoliation is often seen in granitic rocks, where the outer layers peel off to form concentric layers resembling an onion. The process can also occur in other rock types such as sandstone and shale. Overall, exfoliation is an important geological process that contributes to the breakdown and erosion of rocks over time, shaping the landscape around us.

Study the map and answer the question. The Area covered by the map is approximately

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Along which latitude will be the day time be longest on Christmas day?

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The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in

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The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in two main areas: Kenya and Tanzania, and Sudan and Ethiopia. In Kenya and Tanzania, the Great Rift Valley runs through the region and is home to some of the most iconic volcanic features on the continent. The valley is characterized by a series of interconnected volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, and lakes. The most famous volcanic peaks in the area are Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and Mount Meru. In Sudan and Ethiopia, the East African Rift Valley also runs through the region and is another hotspot for volcanic activity. The valley is home to a number of active and dormant volcanoes, including Erta Ale, Nyiragongo, and Mount Karthala. In addition, the region is known for its geothermal activity, with numerous hot springs and geysers dotting the landscape. Both of these regions are characterized by their tectonic activity, with the movement of the Earth's crust leading to the formation of rift valleys, which in turn create the conditions for volcanic activity. The result is a stunning and unique landscape that draws visitors from all over the world.

What type of climate has the station___________

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Climate is the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

A mercury barometer is used for measuring_________

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A mercury barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air molecules in the atmosphere. It is an important parameter that affects weather patterns and other natural phenomena. A mercury barometer consists of a long glass tube filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury. The mercury in the tube rises or falls depending on the atmospheric pressure. When the atmospheric pressure is high, the weight of the air above the barometer pushes down on the surface of the mercury in the dish, forcing the mercury in the tube to rise. Conversely, when the atmospheric pressure is low, the weight of the air above the barometer is less, and the mercury in the tube falls. By measuring the height of the mercury column in the tube, the atmospheric pressure can be determined. The standard unit of atmospheric pressure is the Pascal (Pa), but barometric pressure is often measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or inches of mercury (inHg). In summary, a mercury barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure by observing the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube.

Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?

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Study the map and answer the question. The land-form feature at the centre of the map can best be described as

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How long does it take the mercury to make a complete revolution?

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The answer is 88 days. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, and it orbits around the Sun at a very fast pace. It takes approximately 88 Earth days for Mercury to make one complete orbit around the Sun. This means that Mercury completes about 4 orbits in the time it takes Earth to complete 1 orbit. Because of its fast orbit and close proximity to the Sun, Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations, with temperatures ranging from over 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day to -290 degrees Fahrenheit at night.

In which of the following rock types is petroleum mainly found?

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Petroleum is mainly found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which can include organic matter such as dead plants and animals. Over time, this organic matter can become buried and subjected to heat and pressure, which can transform it into petroleum through a process called diagenesis. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The organic matter in sedimentary rocks that forms petroleum is usually derived from marine plants and animals that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Over time, these organic remains can be buried by layers of sediment, and the heat and pressure from the overlying rocks can cause them to be transformed into petroleum. While it is possible for petroleum to be found in other types of rocks, such as metamorphic rocks that have undergone extreme heat and pressure, sedimentary rocks are by far the most common type of rock that contains petroleum. This is because the process of petroleum formation requires the accumulation and burial of organic matter, which is most likely to occur in sedimentary environments such as oceans, lakes, and swamps.

Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature marked X in the diagram is a

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The feature marked X in the diagram is a cliff. A cliff is a high and steep rock face or earth surface that drops abruptly from a higher to a lower level. It can also be defined as a steep slope or vertical surface, especially one at the edge of a body of water like the ocean or a lake. The diagram shows a rocky surface that slopes down dramatically towards the water, which is a clear indication that it is a cliff.

Dodoma is to Tanzania as ______ to Nigeria

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The answer is Abuja. Dodoma is the capital city of Tanzania, and similarly, Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria. Prior to Abuja, Lagos was the capital city of Nigeria. However, due to its rapidly growing population and other challenges, the government decided to move the capital to a more central location in the country, which is Abuja. Therefore, just as Dodoma serves as the political hub of Tanzania, Abuja serves as the political center of Nigeria.

The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as____________

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The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as plantation agriculture. Plantation agriculture refers to a large-scale farming system where a single crop is grown on a large piece of land, usually in tropical countries. This type of agriculture is characterized by the use of large amounts of land, labor, and capital to cultivate crops such as rubber, sugar, coffee, cocoa, and tea. These crops are grown for commercial purposes, and the aim is to produce large quantities of a single product for export. The crops are typically grown in monoculture, which means that only one type of crop is grown in a particular area. This type of agriculture is often associated with the exploitation of workers, environmental degradation, and social and economic inequality.

Which of the following is not a proof to show that the earth is spherical in shape?

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The option that is not a proof to show that the Earth is spherical in shape is "twilight and dawn." While sunrise, sunset, ships visibility, and lunar eclipse are all evidence that supports the idea that the Earth is a sphere, twilight and dawn are not necessarily proof of this shape. Twilight and dawn occur when the Sun is just below the horizon and its light is scattered by the Earth's atmosphere, creating a soft, diffuse light. While this phenomenon is consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere, it is not unique to this shape and could also occur on other types of celestial bodies. In contrast, sunrise and sunset occur because the Earth's spherical shape causes the Sun's light to be blocked from certain parts of the planet as it rotates on its axis. Ships visibility and lunar eclipses are also consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere because they demonstrate the way that a sphere can obstruct light and shadow.

Fluid basic lava flow is likely to give rise to a volcanic_____________

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A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

Study the map and answer the question. Given that the area show on the map is in Northern Nigeria, which of the following crop combinations would best be cultivated in the area that is liable to flooding

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All the following are environmental hazards except___________

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The environmental hazard among the given options that is not included is afforestation. Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees in an area where there was no forest, or the forest has been destroyed, and it is typically seen as a positive action for the environment. On the other hand, the other three options are environmental hazards that can have negative impacts on people and the environment. Flooding, for example, can lead to property damage, displacement of people, and loss of life. Vulcanicity, which refers to the movement of magma and volcanic activity, can result in the release of toxic gases, destruction of property, and loss of life. Deforestation, which is the clearing of forests for various human activities, can cause soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and contribute to climate change.

Which of the following is not a form of mass movement?

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The answer is "earthquake" as it is not a form of mass movement. Mass movement refers to the process by which large amounts of soil, rock, and other debris move down a slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides, rockslides, and talus creep are all examples of mass movement. An earthquake, on the other hand, is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates. While earthquakes can cause landslides and other types of mass movement, the earthquake itself is not a form of mass movement. Instead, it is a geological event that can trigger mass movement in the surrounding area.

The ocean that connects Europe and America is the__________

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The ocean that connects Europe and America is the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world, after the Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of about 106 million square kilometers and is bordered by Europe and Africa to the east, and by North and South America to the west. The Atlantic Ocean is important for global trade, as it provides a shipping route between Europe and America, and also plays a major role in the Earth's climate system.

'It is a port that specializes in receiving and redistributing goods to the neighboring countries'. Which of the following ports is described in the preceding statement?

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The port described in the statement is an Entrepôt. An entrepôt is a port or a place where goods are stored temporarily before being re-exported to other countries. It acts as a distribution center for goods, receiving them from one place and then redistributing them to other places. A ferry port is a place where ferries arrive and depart, carrying passengers and vehicles across bodies of water. An outport is a smaller port that is located away from the main port and is usually used for loading and unloading goods. A river port is a port located on a river and is used for loading and unloading goods and passengers along the river.

Lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are__________

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The lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are called Isohel. Isohel is a type of contour line that connects all the points on a map that receive the same amount of sunlight in a given period, usually a day or a year. These lines are similar to contour lines on a topographic map that connect points of equal elevation. Isohels are used to show areas with similar amounts of sunshine and can be used to analyze patterns in climate and weather. For example, isohel maps can help identify areas with higher or lower amounts of sunlight and help to plan agriculture, solar power generation, and other activities that depend on sunlight.

A desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation is___________

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Egypt is a desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops and lands to help them grow. In Egypt, the Nile River provides water for irrigation, allowing agriculture to flourish and supporting the country's large population. This is why Egypt is considered a good example of a desert country with a high population density that is supported by irrigation.

If the time at the Greenwich Meridian is 11.00am, what would the local time be at a place 750W?

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Time at GMT is 11am, 150 = 1 hour, 750 gives us 5 hours

  The West looses, therefore

  11am - 5hours = 6:00am.

  Option D is the right answer, all other options are wrong

Study the map and answer the question. The bearing of Jata from Adaba is approximately

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To determine the approximate bearing of Jata from Adaba using the map, we need to look at the compass rose and use the scale provided. Looking at the compass rose, we can see that North is pointing towards the top of the map. To find the bearing of Jata from Adaba, we need to draw a straight line from Adaba to Jata on the map, and then measure the angle between this line and North using a protractor. Measuring this angle, we can see that it is approximately 21 degrees. Therefore, the bearing of Jata from Adaba is approximately 21°. Note that this is an approximation since we are using a ruler and protractor on a printed map, which may not be completely accurate. Additionally, the actual bearing of Jata from Adaba may differ slightly depending on the specific route taken.

The most extensive vegetation type in the area marked Z is the

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The two most important factors which account for the pattern of population distribution in West Africa are

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Physical conditions determine the population distribution in Africa. The topography of an area, how favourable it is determine population distribution. People tend to move from a place to another if the condition is not favourable. Nomads for example move their cattles around for pastures to graze.

Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. An alternative graphic method that can be used to depict the same information is the

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Which of these hazard would most like result directly from deforestation?

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Deforestation is the clearing of trees and other vegetation in a forested area. One of the most likely hazards that can result directly from deforestation is soil erosion. When trees are cut down, the roots that held the soil in place are also removed, leaving the soil exposed and vulnerable to erosion by wind and rain. With no tree cover to protect the soil, rainwater can wash away the topsoil, leading to soil erosion. This process can cause the soil to become less fertile, which can make it difficult for plants to grow and can ultimately lead to desertification. Additionally, deforestation can also lead to changes in the water cycle, which can result in decreased water availability, increased flooding, and other forms of water pollution. However, these hazards are less directly linked to deforestation than soil erosion.

The oldest system of agriculture in Nigeria which now survives only in very remote areas is

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The oldest system of agriculture in Nigeria which now survives only in very remote areas is shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture. Shifting cultivation involves cutting down a patch of forest or woodland, burning the vegetation, and planting crops in the ash-enriched soil. Farmers would use the land for a few years until the soil fertility decreases, then abandon it and move to a new area, leaving the old area to regenerate into forest or woodland. This practice was sustainable when population densities were low and farmers had access to vast areas of land. However, with the growth of population and increased pressure on land, shifting cultivation has become less sustainable, leading to soil degradation, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. Today, shifting cultivation survives only in very remote areas, where population densities are still low and access to land is not restricted.

A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is an___________

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A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is called an "isoneph". An "isoneph" is a line on a weather map that connects points of equal cloud cover. It helps meteorologists to understand the distribution of clouds in a particular area and to forecast weather patterns. By analyzing the movement of isonephes, they can predict changes in cloud cover and the potential for precipitation.

A type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny is a

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A fold mountain is a type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny. In simple terms, orogeny is the process of mountain building, which occurs when two tectonic plates collide and push up the land between them. This process causes the rock layers to bend, fold and become uplifted, creating a fold mountain. Examples of fold mountains include the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Himalayas in Asia.

A broad-based population pyramid is composed mainly

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A broad-based population pyramid is composed mainly of young dependants and active inhabitants. This means that there are more people in the younger age brackets (typically 0-14 years old) and a significant proportion of the population is in the working age bracket (typically 15-64 years old). The number of elderly people (typically 65 years and above) in this type of pyramid is relatively small. Broad-based population pyramids are typically associated with countries that have high birth rates and lower life expectancies. In these countries, the younger population tends to be larger and the older population tends to be smaller due to factors such as high infant mortality rates and shorter life spans. The larger working-age population in these countries can be a potential source of economic growth if they are able to find employment and contribute to the country's development.

The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions my mechanical weathering is called_______

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The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions by mechanical weathering is called "Pediplains". Pediplains are a type of plain that form as a result of the gradual erosion and weathering of mountains and hills. They typically occur in arid and semi-arid regions where there is little vegetation to protect the land from erosion. Over time, as the wind, rain, and other natural forces wear away at the mountain slopes, sediment is carried downhill and deposited on the surrounding plain. This sediment can be made up of rocks, sand, and soil, and can create a relatively flat and gently sloping plain that extends out from the base of the mountain. Unlike other types of plains, such as alluvial plains or outwash plains, which are formed by water deposition, pediplains are formed by the mechanical weathering and erosion of rock and soil. They are typically found in regions where there is little precipitation and where the climate is dry and hot, which can help to speed up the weathering process.