JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2023

Which of these application packages can be used to create a spreadsheet ?

Détails de la réponse

The application package that can be used to create a spreadsheet is Microsoft Excel.
Microsoft Excel is specifically designed to create, organize, and analyze data in the form of a spreadsheet. It provides a grid-like interface that allows users to input data into cells, perform calculations, create formulas, and generate charts and graphs.
Excel is widely used in various industries and professions such as finance, accounting, data analysis, and project management, as it offers powerful features and functionalities to manipulate and visualize data efficiently.
By using Excel, users can easily organize their data in rows and columns, perform mathematical operations on the data, and apply formatting and styling to enhance the readability of the spreadsheet. Additionally, Excel allows users to create formulas to automate calculations, apply functions to analyze and manipulate data, and create charts and graphs to present data in a visually appealing way.
In conclusion, Microsoft Excel is the application package that is specifically designed for creating spreadsheets, making it an essential tool for managing and analyzing data efficiently.

The closest computer language to human is ?

Détails de la réponse

The closest computer language to human is High level language.
High level languages are designed to be easy for humans to read, write, and understand. They use natural language keywords and phrases that resemble English or other human languages. This makes it easier for programmers to express their thoughts and intentions in a way that is more familiar and intuitive.
High level languages are designed to be more abstract and closer to the way humans think, allowing programmers to focus on solving problems rather than worrying about the low-level details of the computer hardware. They use variables, functions, and objects to represent real-world concepts, making the code more readable and maintainable.
Examples of widely used high-level languages include Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript. These languages have a wide range of built-in libraries and tools that make it easier for programmers to solve complex problems without having to understand the inner workings of the computer.
In summary, high level languages are the closest computer languages to human because they are designed to be easy to read, write, and understand, allowing programmers to focus on solving problems using natural language keywords and phrases.

The computer that combines the functions of both analog and digital computers is called ?

Détails de la réponse

A computer that combines the functions of both analog and digital computers is called a hybrid computer.
An analog computer works by representing and manipulating physical quantities, such as voltage or current, in a continuous manner. It is typically used for tasks like solving differential equations or simulating physical systems.
On the other hand, a digital computer works with discrete values represented by binary digits (0s and 1s). It performs calculations using arithmetic and logical operations and is commonly used for tasks like data processing, calculations, and general-purpose computing.
A hybrid computer combines the strengths of both analog and digital computers, enabling it to perform a wide range of tasks efficiently. It uses analog technology to process real-world inputs and digital technology to perform complex calculations and data manipulation.
For example, in weather forecasting, a hybrid computer can use analog technology to gather and process real-time data from sensors, such as temperature and humidity. It then performs digital calculations to analyze the data, predict weather patterns, and generate forecasts.
In summary, a hybrid computer is a computer system that combines the capabilities of both analog and digital computers, allowing it to handle both continuous and discrete data in a versatile and efficient manner.

What is the function of the escape key ?

Détails de la réponse

The function of the escape key is to interrupt or cancel the current process or running program. It allows you to stop or exit a task or operation that is currently running on your computer.
When you press the escape key, it sends a signal to the operating system or software to halt or terminate the task it is performing. This can be useful in situations where a program is not responding or if you want to cancel a certain action that you initiated.
For example, if you are running a program and it becomes unresponsive or freezes, pressing the escape key can help you exit the program and regain control of your computer. It can also be used to cancel a command or close a dialog box that you no longer want to proceed with.
In summary, the escape key serves as a way to interrupt or cancel ongoing processes or programs on your computer.

The diagrammatic representation of an algorithm is

Détails de la réponse

The diagrammatic representation of an algorithm is a flowchart.
A flowchart is a visual representation that uses different shapes and arrows to show the step-by-step process of solving a problem or executing an algorithm. Each shape in the flowchart represents a specific action or decision point, and the arrows show the direction of flow.
Flowcharts are a powerful tool because they allow us to visualize the logic of an algorithm and understand its workings without having to read through lines of code. They are especially helpful for beginners or non-technical individuals who may find it difficult to understand complex programming concepts.
In a flowchart, we typically start with a start symbol, which represents the beginning of the algorithm. From there, we connect different shapes such as rectangles, diamonds, and parallelograms to represent different actions or decisions.
Rectangles are used to indicate processes or actions that need to be performed, such as calculations or assignments of values. Diamonds are used for decision points where a condition needs to be checked, and the flow of the algorithm can take different paths based on the result.
Arrows are used to connect the different shapes and show the flow of the algorithm. They indicate the order in which the actions or decisions are executed. We can also use connectors to direct the flow to a different part of the flowchart or to go back to a previous step.
At the end of the flowchart, we usually have an end symbol, which represents the termination of the algorithm.
By using flowcharts, we can easily understand how an algorithm works and identify any potential errors or bottlenecks. They offer a visual representation that can be easily understood by both technical and non-technical individuals, making them a valuable tool in the field of computer science and problem-solving.

EDVAC was produced using which of these concepts ?

Détails de la réponse

The EDVAC was produced using the concept of stored program. The stored program concept is a fundamental idea in computer architecture where both the program instructions and the data to be processed are stored in the same memory. This means that the computer can retrieve instructions from memory, process them, and then store the results back into memory.
In the context of the EDVAC, this concept allowed for significant flexibility and advancement in computing. Before the advent of the stored program concept, computers were designed to perform specific tasks and their programs were hardwired into the machine. Any changes or modifications to the program required physically rewiring the circuits.
However, with the introduction of the stored program concept, the EDVAC and subsequent computers became programmable machines. The instructions and data required by a program could be stored in memory, making it easier to modify, update, and reuse programs without rewiring the computer hardware.
This concept revolutionized computing by allowing for the development of more advanced and versatile computers. The EDVAC, utilizing the stored program concept, became a pivotal milestone in the history of computing and laid the foundation for the modern computers we use today.

Which of the following is not a third generation language?

Détails de la réponse

Assembly language is not a third-generation language.
First-generation languages are machine languages, which directly correspond to the instructions understood by a computer's hardware. It is difficult for humans to understand and use machine language directly.
Second-generation languages, such as assembly languages, use symbolic representations of the machine instructions. They are more readable and easier to use than machine languages. Assembly language instructions are specific to a particular computer architecture and closely related to the computer's hardware.
Third-generation languages are higher-level programming languages designed to be more programmer-friendly. They are further away from the computer's hardware and closer to human language. These languages are designed to be independent of any specific computer architecture. Examples of third-generation languages include FORTRAN, COBOL, and Basic.
Therefore, assembly language is not a third-generation language, as it is a second-generation language.

Which of the following controls the way in which the computer system functions and provides a means by which users can interact with the computer.

Détails de la réponse

The correct answer is the operating system.
The operating system is like the boss of the computer. It controls the way the computer system functions and provides a means for users to interact with the computer.
It is responsible for managing all the software and hardware resources of the computer, such as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, and input/output devices.
The operating system also allows users to run different programs and applications on the computer. It provides a user-friendly interface, like a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface, to interact with the computer easily.
Furthermore, it handles tasks like file management, security, and ensuring different programs run smoothly without interfering with each other.
In simple terms, the operating system is the backbone of the computer, keeping everything organized and running smoothly so that users can effectively use and navigate their computer.

Which of these storage devices can act as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory ?

Détails de la réponse

The storage device that can act as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory is Cache Memory.
Cache memory is a small, very fast, and expensive type of memory that is located close to the CPU. It is used to temporarily store data and instructions that the CPU frequently accesses.
When the CPU needs to access data or instructions, it first checks the cache memory. If the requested data or instructions are found in the cache, this is called a cache hit, and the CPU can access them quickly. This helps to improve the overall performance of the CPU because accessing data from cache memory is much faster than accessing it from the main memory.
If the requested data or instructions are not found in the cache, this is called a cache miss. In this case, the CPU needs to fetch the data or instructions from the main memory, which takes more time. However, once the data or instructions are fetched from the main memory, they are also stored in the cache for future use. This way, if the CPU needs the same data or instructions again, it can access them quickly from the cache, resulting in faster performance.
By acting as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory, cache memory helps to reduce the CPU's waiting time for data and instructions, which ultimately improves the overall speed and efficiency of the computer system.

Translators are type of ?

Détails de la réponse

Translators are types of software that help convert one form of code or language into another. They are used to facilitate communication between different components of a computer system.
System software is a broad category of software that includes translators as one of its components. Translators are needed to convert high-level programming languages, such as C++ or Java, into a form that can be understood and executed by the computer's hardware.
An operating system is another type of software that manages the computer's resources and provides a platform for other software applications to run. While an operating system may include translators as part of its functionality, translators themselves are not considered to be an operating system.
Utility programs are software tools that assist with system maintenance, optimization, and troubleshooting. While some utility programs may include rudimentary translators for specific tasks, such as language translation tools, translators are not typically considered to be utility programs.
Application software refers to programs that are designed to perform specific tasks for the user, such as word processors, spreadsheet applications, or web browsers. Translators are not typically included as part of application software, although some specific applications may include their own translators for specific purposes.
In summary, translators are a type of software that fall under the category of system software. They are used to convert programming languages into a format that can be understood and executed by the computer's hardware.

A computer code that spreads without the user interaction and can cause network performance problem is

Détails de la réponse

A computer code that spreads without the user interaction and can cause network performance problem is a computer worm.
To understand this, let's think of a worm as a digital parasite. Similar to how a real-life worm can multiply quickly and spread in various directions, a computer worm can replicate itself and spread across computer networks without needing any action from the user.
Unlike viruses, which require a host file to attach themselves to and typically need user interaction to spread, worms can independently find vulnerabilities in computer systems and exploit them. This means that a worm can easily make copies of itself and infect multiple computers within a network without the user even knowing.
The ability of worms to rapidly spread can cause significant network performance problems. Imagine if a single worm infects one computer, then spreads to another, which spreads to two more, and so on. This exponential growth in infections can overload network resources, leading to sluggish internet speeds, system crashes, and even network failures.
Therefore, it is important to have strong security measures in place, such as firewalls and antivirus software, to protect against and prevent the spread of computer worms. Regularly updating software and operating systems can also help patch vulnerabilities that worms may exploit.
In conclusion, a computer worm is a type of malicious code that spreads autonomously across computer networks, causing network performance problems by rapidly infecting multiple computers.

If the control unit controls other units of the CPU, which unit stores instructions,data and intermediate results.

Détails de la réponse

The unit that stores instructions, data, and intermediate results in a CPU is the Memory unit.
The Memory unit plays a crucial role in a computer system as it is responsible for storing and retrieving data and instructions that are needed for the CPU to execute tasks. It provides a place for the CPU to read data from and write data to.
When a program is executed, the instructions and data required by the CPU are loaded into the Memory unit. This allows the CPU to easily access and manipulate the information needed to perform calculations or carry out operations.
The Memory unit can be thought of as a large storage area or workspace where the CPU can temporarily store and retrieve information as needed. It consists of different types of memory, such as the cache, random access memory (RAM), and read-only memory (ROM).
The control unit of the CPU is responsible for coordinating and controlling the activities of other units, including the Memory unit. It fetches instructions from the Memory unit and directs the necessary data to be accessed or stored in the Memory unit. However, it is important to note that the Control unit itself does not store instructions, data, or intermediate results. It mainly focuses on facilitating the execution of instructions and coordinating the flow of data between different units.
The Arithmetic section of the CPU performs arithmetic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. However, it does not directly store instructions, data, or intermediate results. Its role is primarily to carry out mathematical operations on data provided by the Memory unit.
The Logic section of the CPU handles logical operations like comparisons and logical decisions. Similar to the Arithmetic section, it does not store instructions, data, or intermediate results on its own, but rather operates on data accessed from the Memory unit.
In summary, while the Control unit controls other units of the CPU, it is the Memory unit that stores instructions, data, and intermediate results. The Memory unit serves as a central storage space for the CPU, allowing it to efficiently access and manipulate the information necessary for processing tasks.

At what stage in system development life cycle are all data documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams(DFDs)

Détails de la réponse

All data is documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs) during the System Analysis stage in the System Development Life Cycle.
During the System Analysis stage, the focus is on understanding the current system, identifying its strengths and weaknesses, and gathering requirements for the new system. This is done through various techniques such as interviews, observations, and analyzing documents.
One of the important tasks in this stage is data modeling, which involves identifying the various data inputs, outputs, processes, and storage within the system. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are commonly used for visualizing and documenting the flow of data between these components.
DFDs provide a clear and graphical representation of how data moves within the system, showing the processes that transform the data, the data stores that hold the data, and the data flows that connect these elements. They help in understanding the overall data flow within the system and in identifying potential issues or bottlenecks.
By creating detailed DFDs, all the data and their associated flows are documented explicitly, ensuring that no important data flows are overlooked during the system development process. This documentation becomes a valuable reference for system designers, developers, and stakeholders throughout the project.
To summarize, during the System Analysis stage of the System Development Life Cycle, detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs) are created to document and visualize the flow of data within the system. These DFDs provide a clear representation of the data inputs, outputs, processes, and storage and become an essential reference for the development team.

Evaluate 10112+1224 ${1011}_2+{122}_4$, leaving your answer in base 10

Détails de la réponse

10112 ${}_2$ = 1 × 23 ${}^3$ + 0 × 22 ${}^2$ + 1 × 21 ${}^1$ + 1 × 20 ${}^0$
1 × 8 + 0 × 4 + 1 × 2 + 1 × 1 = 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 11
1224 ${}_4$ = 1 × 42 ${}^2$ + 2 × 41 ${}^1$ + 2 × 40 ${}^0$
1 × 16 + 2 × 4 + 2 × 1 = 16 + 8 + 2 = 26
11 + 26 = 37

Which of the following is the standard keyboard layout ?

Détails de la réponse

The standard keyboard layout is called QWERTY. It is the most commonly used keyboard layout in many English-speaking countries.
The name "QWERTY" comes from the first six letters in the top row of the keyboard. This layout was designed more than a century ago for typewriters and was carried over to computer keyboards. It was created to prevent mechanical jams on typewriters by placing commonly used letters further apart from each other.
The QWERTY layout is characterized by the arrangement of letters, numbers, symbols, and function keys on the keyboard. The letters are organized in a specific order, with the most frequently used characters placed in easily accessible positions. The layout also includes a number pad on the right side and function keys at the top.
While some alternative keyboard layouts, such as Dvorak and AZERTY, have been developed to potentially improve typing speed and efficiency, QWERTY remains the standard and is widely accepted and recognized. It has become ingrained in our typing habits and is supported by operating systems and software applications.
Overall, the QWERTY keyboard layout is the most widely used and recognized standard layout that allows for efficient and accurate typing for the majority of English-speaking users.

Which of the following is NOT a high-level programming language?

Détails de la réponse

Assembly language is NOT a high-level programming language. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that provides a direct representation of the computer's hardware architecture. It is a symbolic representation of machine language instructions, which are specific to a particular computer architecture. Assembly language is typically used by programmers who need to have fine control over the hardware, such as device driver developers or firmware programmers.
In contrast, high-level programming languages like C++, Python, and Java are designed to be easier for humans to read, write, and understand. These languages provide more abstracted and portable ways of writing programs, allowing developers to focus on the logic and functionality of their code rather than the details of the underlying hardware.
High-level programming languages use English-like keywords and syntax to make programming more accessible and intuitive. They provide built-in libraries and functions that simplify common tasks, and they support features like objects and classes for organizing code in a structured manner.
In summary, while Assembly language is a low-level programming language that directly interacts with the computer's hardware, C++, Python, and Java are high-level programming languages designed for ease of use and abstraction from the underlying hardware.

What is the difference between an assembler and a compiler ?

Détails de la réponse

An assembler and a compiler are two different types of software tools used in computer programming.
An assembler is a program that converts assembly level language code into machine language code. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses mnemonics to represent the instructions and registers of a computer's architecture. So, an assembler takes the instructions written in assembly language and translates them into the binary code that a computer can understand and execute.
On the other hand, a compiler is a program that converts high-level programming language code into machine language code. High-level programming languages, like C, Python, or Java, are designed to be more human-readable and easier to write and understand compared to assembly language. However, computers cannot directly understand high-level programming languages, so a compiler translates the high-level code into the specific machine language instructions that the computer can execute.
In simple terms, an assembler converts assembly level language into machine language, and a compiler converts high-level programming language into machine language. Therefore, the correct answer is: An assembler converts assembly level language code into machine language code, while a compiler converts high-level programming language code into machine language code.

Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this manipulation is called ?

Détails de la réponse

Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this manipulation is called processing. Processing refers to the actions that a computer takes to transform raw data into meaningful information. It involves performing calculations, making decisions, and executing instructions to manipulate the data based on the instructions given by the user or programmer.
During processing, a computer takes in input data, which can be text, numbers, images, or any other form of digital information. It then performs various operations on this data, such as sorting, filtering, analyzing, and transforming it according to the given instructions.
Processing can also involve performing complex tasks like running software programs, simulating real-world scenarios, and solving mathematical problems. It utilizes the computer's hardware resources, including the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, and storage, to carry out these operations.
Processing is a fundamental function of computers and enables them to perform a wide range of tasks efficiently and accurately. It is what allows computers to process vast amounts of data, perform calculations in seconds, and execute complex algorithms.
In summary, processing is the manipulation of data by a computer to transform raw input into meaningful output. It involves executing instructions, performing calculations, and utilizing the computer's resources to process data efficiently.

The process of finding and correcting errors in the program code is called ?

Détails de la réponse

The correct answer is Debugging.
Debugging is the process of finding and correcting errors, or bugs, in the program code. When a program is written, it may contain mistakes or logical errors that prevent it from running correctly. Debugging is the method used to identify and fix these issues.
During the debugging process, programmers use various techniques and tools to locate the source of the error. This may involve examining the code line by line, setting breakpoints, or using debugging software. Once the error is identified, the programmer can then make the necessary changes to the code to correct the mistake.
Debugging is an essential part of the software development process as it ensures that the program runs smoothly and produces the desired results. Without debugging, it would be challenging to identify and fix problems in the code, resulting in a faulty program.
In summary, debugging is the process of finding and correcting errors in the program code, allowing the program to function correctly.

Who invented the Napier Bones

Détails de la réponse

The inventor of the Napier Bones was John Napier.
Napier Bones are a computational device that was invented by John Napier in the early 17th century. They are a manual tool used for multiplication and division, and they were developed as an aid to calculation.
The Napier Bones consist of a series of rods or bones, usually made of wood or metal, with numbers inscribed on them. Each bone is divided into compartments, with the numbers in each compartment representing different powers of 10. The numbers in each row of bones are positioned diagonally, and when aligned properly, they allow for quick and efficient calculations.
To perform multiplication using Napier Bones, the bones corresponding to the multiplicand and multiplier are placed alongside each other, with the number compartments aligned. The intersections of the numbers are then summed up diagonally to obtain the result.
For division, Napier Bones are similar but used in a slightly different way. The divisor is placed on the top bone, and the dividend is placed below it. The quotients are obtained by looking at the numbers in each diagonal row and combining them.
The advantage of the Napier Bones is that they allow for quick and accurate calculations without the need for complex mathematical operations. They were widely used in their time, especially by merchants, accountants, and engineers, who relied on accurate calculations for their work.
Therefore, it was John Napier who invented the Napier Bones, as a valuable tool that simplified and hastened mathematical operations during the 17th century.

The first step in a CPU instruction cycle is

Détails de la réponse

The first step in a CPU instruction cycle is Fetch.
During the Fetch step, the CPU retrieves the next instruction from the memory. This instruction is stored in the instruction register (IR) so that it can be processed further.
The Fetch step involves the following sub-steps: 1. The Program Counter (PC) keeps track of the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched. Initially, it points to the starting memory address where the program begins. 2. The PC value is transferred to the memory address register (MAR), which holds the memory address we want to access. 3. The control unit sends a request to the memory unit to access the memory location specified by the MAR. 4. The memory unit retrieves the instruction from the specified memory address and sends it back to the CPU. This instruction is stored in the Memory Data Register (MDR). 5. The content of the MDR is then transferred to the Instruction Register (IR), where it is held until further processing.
In simple terms, the Fetch step is like going to the supermarket and getting the shopping list (instruction) of what items you need to purchase. The CPU fetches the next instruction from the memory so that it knows what operation it needs to perform next.

Détails de la réponse

The first computer made available for commercial use was the UNIVAC. UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer and it was developed by the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in the 1950s.
UNIVAC was the first computer to be designed for both scientific and business purposes. It was used primarily by government agencies and large corporations for tasks such as data analysis, calculations, and simulations. The computer was known for its speed and versatility, and it played a significant role in advancing computer technology.
EDSAC, Mark-1, and ENIAC were also important computers in the early days of computing, but they were not specifically designed for commercial use like UNIVAC. EDSAC, which stands for Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator, was the first practical stored-program computer. Mark-1, also known as the Harvard Mark I, was one of the earliest electromechanical computers. ENIAC, or Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was the first general-purpose electronic computer.
In conclusion, while all of these computers made significant contributions to the history of computing, the first computer made available for commercial use was the UNIVAC.

Anti-virus software is an example of ?

Détails de la réponse

Anti-virus software is an example of utility programs.
Utility programs are software applications designed to assist in managing and optimizing the computer system. They perform specific tasks that are not directly related to the core functioning of the operating system or the application software.
Anti-virus software is specifically designed to protect our computer systems from malicious software like viruses, worms, and malware. It scans files and programs for any potential threats, identifies and removes or quarantines them to prevent harm to our system.
The purpose of anti-virus software is to detect and eliminate different types of malware that can harm our computer. It helps to keep our personal and sensitive information secure, prevents unauthorized access, and ensures the smooth functioning of our system.
So, anti-virus software falls under the category of utility programs as it helps in managing and protecting our computer system from potential threats.

which communication channel allows the sending of information in one direction only?

Détails de la réponse

Simplex mode is the communication channel that allows the sending of information in one direction only. This means that the communication can only occur from one end to the other without any feedback or response from the receiving end.
In simplex mode, the sender can transmit data, but the receiver cannot respond or send any data back. It is like a one-way street where there is only traffic going in one direction. This mode is commonly used for broadcasting or when there is no need for a response or feedback from the receiver.
For example, think of a television broadcast. The television station transmits the signal to your TV set but there is no way for your TV set to send any information back to the station using the same channel. The communication is strictly one-way.
In summary, simplex mode allows for communication to occur in only one direction, with the sender transmitting information but the receiver unable to respond or send data back.

What type of booting does the computer go through when starting up from a powered down ?

Détails de la réponse

When a computer is powered down and then started up, it goes through a process called booting. Booting is the series of steps that the computer takes to initialize and load the operating system into memory.
One type of booting is cold booting. This occurs when the computer is completely shut down and then powered on again. During a cold boot, the computer goes through a complete startup sequence. This includes checking hardware components, loading the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), and then loading the operating system.
Another type of booting is soft booting. This occurs when the computer is already powered on and the operating system is restarted. Soft booting does not involve shutting down and powering up the computer. Instead, it involves restarting the operating system while keeping the computer's power on. Soft booting is often done when there is a need to refresh the system or troubleshoot certain issues.
Warm booting is a term that is often used interchangeably with soft booting. It refers to the process of restarting the computer without shutting down the power. Warm booting is generally used to describe the act of manually initiating a system restart.
Finally, rebooting is a more general term that can be used to describe any kind of system restart, whether it is a cold boot, soft boot, or warm boot. Rebooting essentially means to restart the computer.
In summary, when a computer starts up from a powered down state, it goes through a process called booting. This can involve cold booting, which is a complete startup sequence after the computer has been completely shut down. It can also involve soft booting or warm booting, which is a restart of the operating system while keeping the computer's power on. Rebooting is a more general term that encompasses any type of system restart.

Computers that are small and low cost are referred to as ?

Détails de la réponse

Computers that are small and low cost are referred to as **micro computers**. Micro computers are designed to be compact and affordable, making them suitable for personal use and small-scale applications. **Micro computers** are smaller in size compared to traditional computers and are often called **microcomputers**, **mini PCs**, or **mini computers**. They are commonly used for tasks such as word processing, web browsing, and basic computing needs. Micro computers are typically lightweight and portable, making them convenient for travel or on-the-go use. They are also cheaper compared to larger computers, making them more accessible to a wider range of users. These computers usually come with basic hardware specifications, including a compact motherboard, a low-power processor, limited storage capacity, and integrated input/output devices like a keyboard, touchpad, or touchscreen display. Micro computers can come in different forms, such as small desktop computers, mini laptops, mini PCs, and even **tablet computers**, which are handheld devices with a touchscreen interface. These devices are designed to be compact and energy-efficient, making them ideal for personal use, education, and small businesses. In summary, **micro computers** are small and low-cost devices that offer basic computing capabilities. They are portable, affordable, and suitable for everyday tasks, making them a popular choice for personal and small-scale use.

In computer architecture, the type of bus that connects the major components of a computer system is

Détails de la réponse

The type of bus that connects the major components of a computer system is called the system bus.
The system bus is like the central highway that allows communication between the important parts of a computer, such as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, and input/output devices. It is responsible for transmitting addresses which specify the location of data in memory, data itself that needs to be transferred between components, and control signals that manage the flow of information.
Think of the system bus as a pathway for information to travel back and forth between the CPU, memory, and other peripherals. It ensures that the different parts of the computer can work together effectively by providing a common method of communication.
So, in summary, the system bus connects the major components of a computer system and allows them to exchange addresses, data, and control signals. It plays a vital role in the overall functioning of a computer by enabling the efficient transfer of information.

Which of these programming languages is the most suitable for a business data processing?

Détails de la réponse

The most suitable programming language for business data processing is COBOL.

COBOL is specifically designed for handling large volumes of data in business applications. It stands for "Common Business-Oriented Language" and was developed in the late 1950s.

Here are some reasons why COBOL is the most suitable language for business data processing:

• Readability and Understandability: COBOL code is written in a way that closely resembles English language. It uses words and phrases that make it easier for business professionals and non-technical people to understand and maintain the code.
• Strong Data Processing Capabilities: COBOL has built-in support for handling large amounts of business data. It has features to process record structures, perform calculations, manipulate files, and handle complex file structures commonly used in business applications.
• Legacy Systems Integration: Many businesses still rely on legacy systems written in COBOL. It is often necessary to integrate new applications and technologies with these existing systems. Having a strong understanding of COBOL allows businesses to maintain and enhance their legacy systems efficiently.
• Reliability and Stability: COBOL has been used for decades in mission-critical business applications. It has proven its reliability and stability over time. Businesses need a programming language that can handle large amounts of data accurately and consistently, and COBOL fits that requirement.
• Limited Learning Curve: The syntax and structure of COBOL are relatively straightforward and easy to learn. It does not require extensive programming knowledge to start working with COBOL, making it accessible to individuals with business backgrounds.

In summary, COBOL is the most suitable programming language for business data processing due to its readability, strong data processing capabilities, integration with legacy systems, reliability, and simplicity.

What part of the central processing unit coordinates other units and manages the computer resources ?

Détails de la réponse

The part of the central processing unit (CPU) that coordinates other units and manages computer resources is the Control unit.
The Control unit is like the brains of the CPU. It directs and coordinates the activities of other units, such as the Memory unit, Arithmetic Logic unit, and coordinating unit. Its main job is to fetch, decode, and execute instructions from the computer's memory.
The Control unit controls the flow of data and instructions between different parts of the CPU and other components of the computer system. It ensures that each instruction is carried out in the correct sequence and at the right time. It also manages the allocation of computer resources, such as memory and processing power, to different tasks and programs running on the computer.
In simpler terms, you can think of the Control unit as the conductor of an orchestra. It keeps everyone in sync and ensures that each musician plays their part at the right time. Similarly, the Control unit coordinates the different units of the CPU and manages resources to ensure the smooth operation of the computer.

Analog, digital and hybrid computers are classification of computers based on

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Analog, digital, and hybrid computers are classifications of computers based on the type of data-handling techniques.
Analog computers work with continuous data, such as measurements from sensors or physical quantities like temperature, pressure, or voltage. They perform mathematical operations using physical components like resistors, capacitors, and amplifiers. Analog computers are able to handle complex calculations quickly and are commonly used in scientific and engineering applications.
Digital computers, on the other hand, work with discrete data, represented as binary numbers (0s and 1s). They use electronic circuits called logic gates to perform calculations and store and manipulate data digitally. Digital computers are highly versatile and can perform a wide range of tasks, from simple calculations to complex simulations and data processing. They are the most common type of computer used in everyday life.
Hybrid computers combine the advantages of both analog and digital computers. They have the ability to handle real-world, continuous data as well as process and analyze digital information. Hybrid computers often consist of an analog component for data acquisition and a digital component for data processing and storage. They are commonly used in applications such as control systems, simulations, and scientific research.
In summary, the classification of computers into analog, digital, and hybrid is based on the type of data-handling techniques they employ. Analog computers handle continuous data, digital computers process discrete data, and hybrid computers combine both approaches for enhanced capabilities.

What generation of computer is characterized by the use of vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory?

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The generation of computer characterized by the use of vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory is the first generation of computers.
During this era, computers were built using vacuum tubes, which were large glass tubes that controlled the flow of electricity. These tubes functioned as switches and amplifiers for the computer's circuits. They were bulky, delicate, and generated a significant amount of heat, requiring expensive cooling systems.
Additionally, magnetic drums were used as the main memory device. These drums consisted of a metal cylinder coated with a ferromagnetic material, and data was stored and retrieved by magnetizing and sensing the magnetized spots on the drum's surface. However, magnetic drums were relatively slow and had limited storage capacity compared to modern memory technologies.
The first-generation computers were quite large and consumed a tremendous amount of power. They were also prone to frequent failures due to the fragility of vacuum tubes, which needed to be replaced regularly. Programming these computers involved using machine language or low-level programming languages.
Despite their limitations, first-generation computers were groundbreaking because they marked the beginning of electronic digital computing. They laid the foundation for future computer generations by demonstrating the potential for automated computation and inspiring advancements in technology that would lead to smaller, faster, and more reliable computers.
In summary, the first generation of computers utilized vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory. These computers were significant in terms of their pioneering role in electronic digital computing, even though they were large, expensive, and less efficient compared to modern computer systems.

The type of computers that are designed to perform complex calculations extremely rapidly are called ?

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The type of computers that are designed to perform complex calculations extremely rapidly are called supercomputers.
Supercomputers are the ultimate powerhouses in the world of computing. They are specifically built with the intention of solving problems that require incredibly high computational power and speed. These machines are designed to process enormous amounts of data and perform complex mathematical calculations in a relatively short amount of time.
Supercomputers are used in a variety of fields such as weather forecasting, scientific research, simulations, and even in some sectors of the financial industry. They are equipped with multiple processors and a large amount of memory, allowing them to tackle massive amounts of data simultaneously.
What sets supercomputers apart from other types of computers is their ability to solve problems that would take other computers significantly longer or might even be impossible for them to solve. They are highly optimized for parallel processing, meaning they can break down complex problems into smaller sub-problems and solve them simultaneously. This division of tasks enables them to work at a much faster rate, solving problems in a fraction of the time it would take a regular computer to do the same.
Overall, supercomputers are designed to excel at handling extremely complex computations and are capable of solving problems that would be challenging or even impossible for other types of computers.

Which of the following monitors has only two colours

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A monitor that has only two colors is called a monochrome monitor. This type of monitor is capable of displaying only two colors - typically black and white.
Monochrome monitors were commonly used in the early days of computing, when color displays were not widely available or affordable. These monitors were simpler in design and used only one color for displaying images and text.
The advantage of a monochrome monitor is its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. It requires less processing power and memory to display images and text in just two colors. This made it suitable for many applications where color was not a crucial requirement, such as word processing, programming, and data entry.
However, the limitation of a monochrome monitor is the lack of color representation. It cannot display images or graphics with the same level of detail and realism as color monitors. As technology advanced, color monitors with higher resolutions and better color accuracy became more popular and affordable.
In summary, a monochrome monitor is a type of monitor that can only display two colors - typically black and white. It was commonly used in the early days of computing for applications that did not require color representation.

___ is the type of computer that is designed to operate on two states, 0 and 1.

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A digital computer is the type of computer that is designed to operate on two states, 0 and 1. These states are known as binary digits or bits. The computer uses these bits to represent and process information.
In a digital computer, information is stored and manipulated using binary digits. Each bit can represent either a 0 or a 1. By combining these bits, the computer can represent and process complex information.
Digital computers work by using electronic circuits that can switch between the two states, 0 and 1. These circuits are composed of transistors, which act as switches that control the flow of electricity.
When the transistor is on, it represents a 1, and when it is off, it represents a 0. By arranging these transistors in various configurations, digital computers can perform calculations, store data, and execute instructions.
The advantage of using a digital computer is that it can perform calculations and process data with great accuracy and reliability. By representing information in binary form, digital computers can easily process and manipulate large amounts of data quickly and efficiently.
In summary, a digital computer is a type of computer that operates on the binary system, using two states, 0 and 1, to represent and process information. It is designed to perform calculations and handle complex tasks by manipulating these binary digits using electronic circuits and transistors.

Which of the following is used for modulation and demodulation ?

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Modem is used for both modulation and demodulation.
Modulation is the process of changing the characteristics of a signal (referred to as the carrier wave) to transmit information across a medium (such as cables, air, or fiber optic cables). The purpose of modulation is to encode the data onto the carrier wave so that it can be transmitted efficiently and accurately.
On the other hand, demodulation is the process of extracting the original data from the modulated carrier wave at the receiving end. Demodulation reverses the modulation process and allows the receiver to retrieve the original information sent by the transmitter.
A modem (short for modulator-demodulator) is a hardware device that performs both modulation and demodulation. It acts as a bridge between the digital signals from a computer or network and the analog signals used for transmission through a telephone line, cable, or wireless medium. The modem modulates the digital signals from the computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over the network or phone line. At the receiving end, it demodulates the analog signals back into digital signals that can be understood by the computer or network.
In summary, a modem is used for modulation and demodulation, enabling the transmission and reception of data over various communication channels.

The first stage of data processing activities is ?

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The first stage of data processing activities is Collection.
In this stage, data is gathered or collected from various sources. This can include surveys, forms, sensors, databases, and more. The goal is to gather all the necessary data that is required for analysis and processing.
During the collection stage, it is important to ensure that the data is accurate, complete, and reliable. This includes checking for any errors or inconsistencies in the data and verifying its authenticity.
Once the data is collected, it is then ready to be processed and analyzed. This involves performing various operations such as manipulation, conversion, and sorting on the data to extract meaningful insights and information.
Overall, the collection stage is critical in the data processing process as it lays the foundation for the subsequent stages. It ensures that the data is available and ready for further processing and analysis.

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The priority in technical feasibility is to determine whether the problem can be solved using existing technology and resources available. This means considering whether the necessary tools, equipment, and knowledge are currently accessible to develop a solution for the problem at hand. While considering technical feasibility, it is important to assess if the problem can be solved within the user's environment, as well as if the likely benefits outweigh the cost of solving the problem. However, these factors are secondary to ensuring that the problem can be addressed using the existing technology and resources available. Solving a problem without causing any social issues is not specifically related to technical feasibility, but it is an important consideration overall. It falls under the broader category of social feasibility, which addresses the potential impact and consequences of solving a problem on society. In summary, the primary focus in technical feasibility is to determine if the problem can be solved using existing technology and resources available.

What is the shortcut for creating a new document ?

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The shortcut for creating a new document is Ctrl + N.
To explain it simply, when you press the Ctrl key and at the same time press the N key on your keyboard, you will trigger a command that tells the program you are using to create a new document.
This shortcut is commonly used across many different programs and applications, such as word processors, text editors, and graphic design software. It is a quick and convenient way to start a new project or file without needing to manually navigate through menus or use your mouse. It saves time and helps streamline your workflow.

What is the difference between internal and external modem

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Internal modems are commonly found as expansion cards that are installed inside a computer. They usually connect to the motherboard using a PCI or ISA slot. These modems are not visible externally and are integrated into the computer's hardware.
External modems, on the other hand, are separate devices that are connected to the computer externally. These modems are typically plugged into a serial port on the computer or connect using a USB port. They are not installed inside the computer's casing like internal modems.
In summary, the main difference between internal and external modems lies in their physical connection to the computer. Internal modems are expansion cards installed inside the computer, while external modems are separate devices that connect to the computer externally.

In BASIC, REM shows a statement to be

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In BASIC, the REM statement is used to create comments. Comments are lines in the program that are not meant to be executed or affect the output. They are used to provide explanations, notes, or reminders to the programmer who is reading the code.
When the interpreter or compiler encounters the REM statement, it simply ignores it and moves on to the next line of code. It is like a reminder or a message to yourself or other programmers working on the code, but it does not have any effect on the program execution or output.
For example, if we have the following code in BASIC:
10 PRINT "Hello, world!" ' This line prints "Hello, world!" 20 REM This is a comment ' This line is a comment and is ignored
In this code, "Hello, world!" will be printed on the screen because it is an executable statement. However, the line with the REM statement will be ignored because it is a comment. It serves as a note to explain the purpose of the code or provide additional information for the programmer.
So, in BASIC, the REM statement is used to indicate a comment and does not have any impact on the program execution or output.