JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2022

What is a website main page called?

Détails de la réponse

The main page of a website is called the "Home page." It's the first page that you see when you visit a website, and it often contains an overview of the website's content, as well as links to other pages on the site. The Home page is like the front door of a house, welcoming visitors and guiding them to different parts of the website. You can think of it as the main hub for a website, where you can start exploring the site's content and find what you're looking for. So, when you're visiting a website and you want to get back to the main page, just look for the "Home" button or link.

___________________ is a program meant to be sent from one computer to another across the world wide Web.

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Which term describes accessing files from a computer other than the one where the files are stored.

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The term that describes accessing files from a computer other than the one where the files are stored is "remote access". Remote access means that you can access files, data or resources from a different computer or server that is located elsewhere, using a network connection like the internet. This allows you to work with files and data as if they were stored on your local computer, even though they are actually stored on a different computer or server. For example, if you are working from home and need to access files that are stored on your work computer, you can use remote access to connect to your work computer over the internet and access those files. Similarly, if you use cloud storage services like Dropbox or Google Drive, you can access your files from any computer with an internet connection, which is also a form of remote access.

How many types of booting are there?

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There are essentially two types of booting: 1. Cold booting: This is the process of starting a computer from a powered-off state. This is typically done by pressing the power button on the computer. A cold boot starts the computer's hardware and boot loader, which then loads the operating system into memory. 2. Warm booting: This is the process of restarting a computer that is already powered on. This is typically done by pressing the reset button or by using the operating system's restart feature. A warm boot reloads the operating system from memory, bypassing the boot loader and hardware initialization. It's important to note that these are the two most basic and widely used types of booting, but there could be other variations or advanced booting procedures used in certain scenarios.

An Operating System is a type of?

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An Operating System (OS) is a type of system software. It is a program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer, and provides a platform for other software applications to run on. The OS controls the input/output operations, manages memory and storage resources, and schedules tasks to be executed by the computer's processor. Examples of common operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

A 2-input gate that can be used to pass a digital waveform unchanged at certain times and inverted at other times is ___________

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The 2-input gate that can be used to pass a digital waveform unchanged at certain times and inverted at other times is the XOR (exclusive OR) gate. An XOR gate has two input signals and one output signal. The output is HIGH (1) if the two input signals are different, and LOW (0) if the two input signals are the same. In other words, an XOR gate produces an output signal that is the "exclusive or" of its two input signals. When one of the input signals is held at a constant logic level (either HIGH or LOW), the XOR gate can be used to pass the other input signal unchanged or inverted, depending on the value of the constant signal. If the constant signal is HIGH, the output signal will be inverted; if the constant signal is LOW, the output signal will be unchanged. This property of the XOR gate makes it useful in digital electronics for a variety of applications, such as data encryption, error detection and correction, and clock synchronization.

System software has which major function?

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System software has the major function of controlling and managing the computer system. It is a type of software that acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the user applications. System software is responsible for coordinating the activities and sharing of resources of the computer hardware, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage. It also provides basic services for other software, such as file management, security, and memory management. Examples of system software include operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. The primary goal of system software is to provide an environment for the smooth and efficient operation of the computer and its components.

In any software package, which of the following versions represents a major improvement on the previous version?

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In any software package, a new version number that increases the whole number before the decimal point represents a major improvement on the previous version. Therefore, the versions that represent a major improvement on the previous version is 2.0.

In software development, version numbers are used to identify different releases or iterations of a program. A new version number is typically assigned when significant changes or improvements are made to the software. The first number before the decimal point in a version number is known as the major version number. When this number increases, it indicates that there has been a significant change or improvement in the software that warrants a new release.

The second number after the decimal point is the minor version number, which typically represents smaller changes or bug fixes. Therefore, 2.0 is a major releases that represent significant improvements over the previous version, while 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 are minor releases that represent smaller changes or bug fixes.

In summary, a new software version number that increases the major version number before the decimal point represents a major improvement on the previous version, indicating that significant changes or improvements have been made to the software.

When an input signal 1 is applied to a NOT gate, the output is ..................

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When an input signal of 1 is applied to a NOT gate, the output will be 0. A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, is a digital logic gate that has one input and one output. The output of a NOT gate is the opposite of the input; if the input is high (1), the output will be low (0), and if the input is low (0), the output will be high (1). In other words, the NOT gate "inverts" the input signal. So, when a 1 is input to a NOT gate, the gate will invert it to 0 and produce that as the output signal. Similarly, when a 0 is input to a NOT gate, the gate will invert it to 1 and output that as the result.

Binary coded decimals (BCD) numbers express each digit as a ___________

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Binary coded decimals (BCD) numbers express each digit as a nibble. A nibble is a group of 4 bits, which can represent 16 distinct values (0-15). In BCD, each decimal digit is encoded using a separate nibble, where each nibble represents the binary equivalent of the digit. For example, the decimal number 123 would be represented in BCD as four nibbles: 0001 (1), 0010 (2), 0011 (3), and 0011 (3). Using a nibble to represent each digit is a simple and efficient way to encode decimal numbers in binary form. BCD is commonly used in computer systems where decimal arithmetic is required, such as in financial calculations or in control systems where numerical values need to be displayed on digital screens. In summary, BCD numbers express each decimal digit as a nibble, allowing for efficient and accurate representation of decimal numbers in binary form.

Typically, an ATM is used for

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An ATM, or Automated Teller Machine, is typically used for withdrawing cash. It is a machine that allows customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, such as withdrawing cash, checking their account balance, or depositing money, without the need to visit a bank branch. ATMs are widely available and can be found in many public places such as shopping centers, airports, and gas stations. They provide customers with convenient access to their money 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

_________ are programmes that affect the effectiveness of a computer system.

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The correct answer is "bugs and viruses." Bugs are errors or defects in computer software that can cause the system to behave unexpectedly or not function properly. They can affect the efficiency and effectiveness of a computer system by slowing it down, causing crashes, or producing incorrect results. Viruses, on the other hand, are malicious software programs that can infect a computer system and cause harm. They can also affect the effectiveness of a computer system by causing it to slow down or crash, stealing personal information, or spreading to other systems. Anti-virus programs are software tools designed to detect and remove viruses from a computer system. While they can help mitigate the negative effects of viruses, they are not a complete solution and cannot prevent all types of viruses from infecting a system.

In the files, if order of operation on two or more files are similar, then operation will be

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If the order of operation on two or more files is similar, then the operation will be sequential. Sequential operation means that the files will be processed one after the other in the same order as specified. For example, if we have two files A and B, and we want to perform the operations 'read', 'process', and 'write' on them in the order A->B, then the program will first read file A, process it, write the result, then move on to file B, read it, process it, and write the result. On the other hand, if the order of operation is not similar, the operation may be more complex or combinational. In that case, the files may be processed in a different order or simultaneously, which may require more complex programming logic. Therefore, having a similar order of operation on multiple files simplifies the programming and makes it more straightforward.

What is a computer file.

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A computer file is a place on a computer where information is stored in a package. A file can contain many different types of information, including text, images, audio, video, and executable programs. The information in a file is organized in a specific format, and the file can be opened and edited using appropriate software. For example, a text file contains plain text, while a Word document file contains formatted text and other elements like images and tables. A file is often saved with a specific name and extension that identifies the type of file and the type of information it contains. The extension is the part of the file name that comes after the dot, such as ".txt" for a plain text file or ".docx" for a Microsoft Word document file.

Encryption helps with what?

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Encryption helps with safe delivery of messages to their destination without being accessed by a third party. Encryption is a process of converting plain text into coded or scrambled text so that only authorized parties who have the key can access and understand the original message. This means that even if an unauthorized person intercepts the message during transit, they cannot read or understand it because it is encrypted. Encryption is commonly used to protect sensitive data such as passwords, credit card numbers, and personal information when it is transmitted over the internet. It also helps to protect confidential business or government communications from hackers, cybercriminals, and other unauthorized third parties. Therefore, encryption helps to ensure that messages are delivered safely and securely to their intended recipients without being accessed or intercepted by unauthorized parties.

In Boolean algebra, the bar sign (-) indicates ....................

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The bar sign (-) in Boolean algebra indicates the NOT operation. The NOT operation is a unary operator that negates or inverts a Boolean value. If the input value is "true", the output of the NOT operation will be "false". And if the input value is "false", the output of the NOT operation will be "true". In essence, the NOT operation changes the truth value of the input. This operation is also sometimes referred to as the "complement" or "inverse" operation.

A collection of facts and figures is known to be _________

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The correct answer is "Data". Data refers to a collection of facts, figures, or information that can be processed or analyzed to gain insights or make informed decisions. Data can come in different forms, such as numbers, text, images, audio, or video. It can be stored in various formats, including spreadsheets, databases, documents, or files. For example, if you have a list of customer names, addresses, and phone numbers in a spreadsheet, this is considered data. If you store this information in a database, it becomes a structured collection of data that can be easily accessed and manipulated. However, whether the data is sequenced or structured depends on how it is organized, and it is not a defining characteristic of data itself.

A display listing of program options which users can select is called?

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A display listing of program options which users can select is called a menu. A menu is a list of options or choices that are presented to the user within a software program or an operating system. The user can then select one of the options from the menu to perform a specific task or access a specific feature. The menu is typically displayed as a list of text items or sometimes as a list of icons.

Which of the following is an example of output device

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The example of an output device is a speaker. An output device is any device that receives information or data from a computer or electronic device and presents or displays it to the user in a perceivable format. In the case of a speaker, it receives sound data from a computer or electronic device and produces audible sound waves that can be heard by the user. Speakers are commonly used to play music, watch videos or movies, and listen to audio from video games. On the other hand, a keyboard and mouse are examples of input devices because they allow the user to input data or commands into a computer or electronic device. Similarly, a microphone is also an input device as it converts sound waves into electrical signals that can be processed by a computer or electronic device.

The acronym from DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is ________________

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The acronym for DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is DBMS, which stands for "Database Management System". A database is an organized collection of data that can be stored, accessed, and managed easily. However, managing large amounts of data can be complicated, which is where a Database Management System comes in. A DBMS is a software system that allows users to create, modify, and manipulate databases. It provides tools to organize and store data efficiently, as well as tools to retrieve and analyze that data. In summary, DBMS is an abbreviation for Database Management System, a software system used to manage and organize data efficiently.

Which of these is not a job of the operating system

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The job of the operating system that is not listed among the options is "Handling HTTP requests for Web pages." The operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer, providing an interface between the user and the computer hardware. It performs various functions to ensure that the computer system operates smoothly and efficiently. One of the key jobs of the operating system is to manage the computer's resources, such as allocating memory to programs that are running on the computer. The operating system is responsible for managing the computer's memory, ensuring that each program has enough memory to run efficiently, and preventing one program from using another program's memory. Another important job of the operating system is to provide security by preventing unauthorised access to files and data on the computer. It controls access to the computer's resources and ensures that only authorised users have access to the files and data that belong to them. However, handling HTTP requests for web pages is not a job of the operating system. Instead, this task is handled by web servers that run on top of the operating system. Web servers receive requests from clients, such as web browsers, and serve web pages to them over the internet. In summary, while the operating system performs many important tasks, such as managing resources and providing security, handling HTTP requests for web pages is not one of its jobs.

___________ booting is done by turning on the computer at first instance.

Détails de la réponse

"Cold" booting is done by turning on the computer at first instance. Booting is the process of starting a computer, and it can be done in two ways: cold booting and warm booting. A cold boot occurs when a computer is turned on after being completely shut down. This is the first time the computer is starting up and all components are starting from a completely powered-off state. This type of booting is often necessary when there are problems with the operating system or software and a restart does not resolve the issue. A warm boot, on the other hand, occurs when a computer is restarted without first being shut down. This type of booting is usually faster than a cold boot because some components remain powered on and do not need to be restarted from a completely powered-off state. The options "hot," "spicy," and "cool" are not relevant to booting a computer.

Programming language COBOL works best for use in

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COBOL, which stands for COmmon Business Oriented Language, is a programming language that is specifically designed for commercial applications. It was developed in the 1950s for business data processing, and it remains a popular choice for applications related to finance, banking, insurance, and other industries that handle large amounts of data. COBOL is known for its straightforward syntax and ability to process large amounts of data efficiently, making it a good choice for commercial applications that need to manage and manipulate financial records, inventory, and other types of business data.

The memory unit receives data and information from which unit?

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In general, a file is basically a collection of all related______.

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In general, a file is basically a collection of all related "records". A record is a collection of related data items that are grouped together and treated as a single unit. For example, in a student record file, each record may contain data related to a single student, such as their name, ID number, and grades. Each record may consist of several "fields", which are individual pieces of data that are related to the record. For example, in a student record, a field might be the student's name, another field might be their date of birth, and another field might be their address. So, in summary, a file is a collection of related records, and each record contains multiple fields that are related to the record.

The delete permission allows one to ____________

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The delete permission allows someone to remove or delete files and directories. This means that if a user has the delete permission, they can get rid of files and folders that they have access to, and these files and folders will no longer be available on the system. This permission is typically used to allow users to clean up or manage their own files and directories, but it can also be used by system administrators to control access and prevent unwanted modifications or deletions.

Types of software programs are

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both A and B

Another word for booting is

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Another word for booting is "starting". Booting refers to the process of turning on a computer or device and initiating the operating system so that it is ready to run applications and perform other tasks. During the boot process, the computer performs a series of operations, such as checking hardware components, initializing software, and loading system files into memory. Once this process is complete, the computer is considered "started" and the user can begin using it. Therefore, starting is an appropriate alternative term for booting.

A tier in which the database resides along with the query processing language is called

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The tier in which the database resides along with the query processing language is called the data tier. In software architecture, the data tier is one of the three layers of a typical multi-tier architecture, with the other two being the presentation tier (dealing with the user interface) and the application tier (containing the business logic). The data tier is responsible for managing the storage and retrieval of data, as well as the processing of queries that operate on that data. The data tier typically consists of one or more database management systems (DBMS), which are specialized software systems designed to manage large amounts of structured data. The DBMS provides a structured way to store data and a language for querying and manipulating that data, such as SQL (Structured Query Language). In summary, the data tier is the layer in a multi-tier software architecture where the database resides, and where queries are processed using a specialized query language like SQL. It is responsible for managing the storage and retrieval of data in an efficient and secure manner.

.......... provides total solutions to reduce data redundancy, inconsistency, dependence and unauthorized access of data

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A DBMS (Database Management System) provides comprehensive solutions to reduce data redundancy, inconsistency, dependence, and unauthorized access of data. Data redundancy refers to the duplication of data in a database, which can lead to inconsistencies and take up unnecessary storage space. A DBMS helps to eliminate data redundancy by ensuring that each piece of data is stored only once and is consistently maintained. Data inconsistency refers to the occurrence of conflicting data in a database, which can lead to problems when trying to make decisions based on the data. A DBMS helps to maintain data consistency by enforcing constraints and rules that ensure that data is entered consistently and accurately. Data dependence refers to the relationship between different pieces of data in a database. A DBMS helps to reduce data dependence by allowing data to be stored in separate tables and establishing relationships between those tables. This reduces the risk of changes in one table affecting the data in another table. Finally, a DBMS provides security features to prevent unauthorized access to the data stored in the database. This includes controlling access to the database through user authentication and authorization, as well as ensuring that sensitive data is encrypted to protect it from being accessed by unauthorized individuals. In short, a DBMS provides a centralized and organized way to store, manage, and secure data to ensure its accuracy, consistency, and security.

The combination of the arithmetic and logic units, as well as the ______________ unit makes up the central processing unit.

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The combination of the arithmetic and logic units, as well as the control unit makes up the central processing unit (CPU). A CPU is the "brain" of a computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. The arithmetic and logic units (ALU) are the parts of the CPU that perform mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as logical operations, such as AND, OR, and NOT. The control unit is responsible for controlling the flow of data and instructions within the CPU and between the CPU and other parts of the computer, such as memory and input/output devices. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them to determine what operation to perform, and then directs the ALU to perform the operation. In summary, the combination of the ALU and control unit makes up the CPU, which is responsible for processing data and instructions and performing calculations in a computer.

In SQL, which command is used to remove a stored function from the database?

Détails de la réponse

The command used to remove a stored function from the database in SQL is the "DROP FUNCTION" command.

This command is used to permanently remove a stored function from the database. For example, if you have a stored function named "my_function", you can remove it with the following SQL statement:

DROP FUNCTION my_function;

It is important to note that once you drop a stored function, all references to it in your database will be lost and it cannot be recovered. So, it should be used with caution.

Which computer accessory is both an input and output device?

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Which among the following generation computers had expensive operation cost?

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The second generation of computers had expensive operation costs compared to other generations. The second generation of computers, which emerged in the late 1950s and early 1960s, were characterized by the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes that were used in the first generation. While transistors were smaller, more reliable, and more energy-efficient than vacuum tubes, they were still relatively expensive to produce and required a significant amount of power to operate. In addition, the second generation of computers required air conditioning systems to keep them cool, which added to their overall operating costs. The high cost of production, maintenance, and operation made these computers expensive and limited their accessibility to only large organizations, such as government agencies, research institutions, and corporations, which had the resources to invest in them. In contrast, the third and fourth generations of computers, which emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, respectively, were characterized by the use of integrated circuits and microprocessors, which greatly reduced the cost of production and operation, making computers more accessible and affordable to individuals and small businesses.

What is the full form of CU?

Détails de la réponse

The term "CU" can have different meanings depending on the context. Here are some possibilities: 1. Compound Unit: This term does not have a widely recognized meaning in the field of computing or technology in general. However, "compound" can refer to something that is made up of multiple parts, so in some cases, "CU" could be used to refer to a unit that is composed of several components. 2. Communication Unit: In some contexts, "CU" may refer to a Communication Unit. This could be a device or module that is responsible for handling communication between different components or systems, such as transmitting data between a computer and a peripheral device like a printer or scanner. 3. Computer Unit: "CU" could also refer to a Computer Unit, which may be a standalone computer or a component within a larger computer system. In this case, "CU" would generally refer to the main processing unit that is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. 4. Control Unit: In the context of computer architecture, "CU" most commonly stands for Control Unit. The Control Unit is a component within the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of a computer that is responsible for coordinating the flow of data between different parts of the CPU and executing instructions. The Control Unit is sometimes referred to as the "brain" of the CPU, as it is responsible for coordinating and directing the operations of the computer. So, to answer the question of what the full form of "CU" is, we would need to know the specific context in which the term is being used.

Microsoft word serves the purpose of ________

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Microsoft Word serves the purpose of creating documents, which can be anything from simple letters or memos to complex reports, resumes, or even books. It provides a user-friendly platform for users to write, edit, format, and style text, as well as insert images, tables, and other elements to enhance the document's appearance and functionality. Microsoft Word is a popular word processing software used in a wide range of industries, including education, business, and personal use. It allows users to save their documents on their computer or in the cloud, making it easy to access, edit, and share their work from anywhere. Overall, Microsoft Word is a powerful tool for anyone who needs to create or manage written content.

Which of the listed is not a type of computer application?

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"Joy stick" is not a type of computer application. A computer application, also known as an application or app, is a program that runs on a computer and provides a specific set of functions for the user to perform. Examples of computer applications include Microsoft Word for word processing, Firefox for web browsing, and VLC media player for playing audio and video files. A joy stick, on the other hand, is a device used to control movement in computer games or simulations. It typically consists of a stick that can be moved in different directions to control the movement of an object on the screen. Joy sticks are not considered applications because they do not provide specific functions like a word processor or media player, but rather serve as input devices for other applications.

At least how many keys is a keyboard made up of?

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A keyboard is usually made up of around 101 to 105 keys, depending on the type and model of the keyboard. The most common keyboard layout is called the QWERTY layout, which includes letters, numbers, and various symbols and functions. The number of keys can vary based on the size of the keyboard and additional features, such as multimedia buttons or a numeric keypad. Overall, the number of keys on a keyboard can range from a basic 101-key layout to a more advanced 105-key layout with additional buttons.

Numerous files are referred to as _____________

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Numerous files are referred to as "files". A file is a collection of data or information that is stored on a computer or other electronic device. Files can come in many different formats, such as documents, images, music, and videos. They are used to store information that can be easily accessed, edited, and shared. For example, a word processing document is a type of file that can be used to write and edit text, while an image file can be used to store and display photos. Files are often organized into folders, which are like virtual folders or directories that help you keep your files organized and easily accessible. You can create folders, move files between folders, and even rename or delete files and folders.

Which program translates programs to a simpler language that the computer can execute.

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The program that translates programs to a simpler language that the computer can execute is called a compiler. A compiler is a program that takes the source code of a program written in a high-level programming language and translates it into machine code or executable code that the computer can understand and execute. The process of compiling involves several steps, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code optimization, and code generation. When a programmer writes a program in a high-level programming language such as Java or Python, the code is not directly executable by the computer. Instead, the code must be translated into machine code, which is a low-level language that the computer can understand and execute. This is where the compiler comes in. The compiler takes the source code written in the high-level programming language and converts it into machine code that can be executed by the computer. The advantage of using a compiler is that the resulting executable code is usually faster and more efficient than code interpreted by an interpreter, which we will discuss next. Additionally, since the code is already translated into machine code, it can be executed multiple times without the need for further translation, making it faster to execute. Overall, a compiler is a program that translates high-level programming code into machine code that a computer can execute, allowing programmers to write code in a more human-readable language and then have it translated into a language that the computer can understand and execute.