JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2017

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The type of Zakah due at the end of Ramadan fast is known as Zakah al-Fitr. Zakah al-Fitr is a mandatory charitable contribution that Muslims must pay at the end of the month of Ramadan. It is paid on behalf of every member of the household, including children and the elderly, and is intended to provide assistance to those in need. The purpose of Zakah al-Fitr is to ensure that everyone in the community, especially the poor and needy, has enough to celebrate Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of the month of Ramadan. The amount of Zakah al-Fitr is typically equivalent to the cost of one meal, and it can be paid in the form of food or money. It is important to pay Zakah al-Fitr before the Eid prayer, as it is considered a religious obligation that should not be neglected. By paying Zakah al-Fitr, Muslims can help support their community and fulfill their religious duties.

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The gathering of pilgrims on the 9th day of Dhul Hijjah is known as "Wuquf bi 'Arafah." This is an important ritual of Hajj where pilgrims gather at the plain of Arafah, a desert area outside of Mecca, to perform prayers and supplications. It is considered the most important day of Hajj, and pilgrims are required to be present for this ritual to complete their pilgrimage. The purpose of this gathering is to seek forgiveness, repentance, and guidance from Allah. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that this day is a day of forgiveness and that Allah frees more people from Hellfire on this day than any other day.

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The official compilation of Hadith was facilitated by Caliph Uthman b. Affan. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, his companions transmitted his sayings and actions, which became known as Hadith. The Hadith were memorized and passed down from generation to generation, and were used as a source of guidance and inspiration by Muslims. However, as Islam spread and the number of Hadith increased, there was a need to compile them in a systematic and organized way. The third caliph, Uthman b. Affan, realized the importance of preserving the Hadith in a written form, and therefore initiated the process of compilation. Uthman appointed a committee of scholars to collect and authenticate the Hadith, and to compile them into a single book. The committee was headed by Zaid b. Thabit, who was a close companion of the Prophet and had memorized a large number of Hadith. The committee worked diligently to collect and authenticate the Hadith, and the resulting book was known as the Sahih or the Musnad of Uthman. This book contained all the authentic Hadith, and was widely circulated throughout the Muslim world. The compilation of the Hadith by Uthman played a crucial role in the development of Islamic scholarship and jurisprudence, and helped to ensure that the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad were preserved for future generations.

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"It can be used on certain conditions" directly applies to Hadith ad-Da'if. A Hadith ad-Da'if is a weak tradition or saying of the Prophet Muhammad, and its authenticity is questionable. However, under certain conditions, it can still be used for religious purposes, such as for moral guidance or to gain a better understanding of the Prophet's teachings and practices. However, it cannot be used as evidence in religious legal rulings (fiqh) or to establish a belief in Islam.

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The memorization, recording and compilation of the Qur'an ensured its authenticity. The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years. During this time, the Prophet and his followers memorized the verses and passages of the Qur'an, and some of them also wrote them down. After the death of the Prophet, the companions who had memorized the Qur'an and those who had written it down, compiled it into a single book, under the guidance of the first caliph Abu Bakr. This process of compilation was carried out with great care and attention to detail, to ensure that the text was accurate and complete. In addition to this, the Muslims continued to memorize the Qur'an, passing it down from generation to generation. This ensured that the text was preserved in its original form, without any additions or deletions. The authenticity of the Qur'an is further supported by the fact that it has been transmitted through an unbroken chain of narrators, who have been rigorously scrutinized for their reliability and credibility. This has helped to ensure that the text has not been altered in any way. Therefore, the memorization, recording and compilation of the Qur'an ensured its authenticity, and it is widely regarded as the unaltered word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over 1400 years ago.

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The science of Asma al-rijal, also known as the science of Hadith Criticism, is introduced to authenticate the chains of narrators of Hadith. It is a method used by scholars to verify the reliability and credibility of the narrators who passed on the Hadith, which are the sayings, actions and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The goal of Asma al-rijal is to ensure that the Hadith being studied and followed are authentic and accurately reflect the teachings of the Prophet, as opposed to being fabricated or altered in any way. This is important in preserving the integrity of the Hadith and the Sunnah, which is the example set by the Prophet and serves as a source of guidance for Muslims.

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When a person comes late to congregational Salah (prayer), they should make takbiratul ihram and then join the Imam (the leader of the prayer). Takbiratul ihram is the act of saying "Allahu Akbar" (God is the greatest) which signifies the start of the prayer. The person should then try to catch up with the rest of the congregation and continue the prayer with the Imam.

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The verse that can be recited for protection against evil machinations is Q. 2:255, also known as Ayat al-Kursi. This verse is considered to be one of the most powerful verses in the Quran and is often recited for protection and blessings. Ayat al-Kursi is a verse from Surah Al-Baqarah and is the 255th verse of this chapter. The verse describes the greatness and power of Allah, and how He is the protector of all things. It is believed that reciting this verse can offer protection against evil, harm, and negative energy. In Islamic tradition, it is recommended to recite Ayat al-Kursi after each of the five daily prayers, as well as before going to sleep at night. Some people also recite it in times of distress or fear, or when seeking guidance and blessings from Allah. Overall, Ayat al-Kursi is considered to be a powerful tool for spiritual protection and is widely recited by Muslims around the world. Its message of Allah's power and protection serves as a reminder to believers of the importance of seeking His guidance and blessings in all aspects of life.

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The Hadith above warns Muslims against charity with ill-gotten wealth. In Islam, charity is an important act of worship that is highly encouraged. However, the source of the wealth being donated is also important. The Hadith warns Muslims that if they give charity from ill-gotten wealth, it will not be accepted by Allah. "Illegal" or "ill-gotten" wealth refers to any income that is earned through unlawful or unethical means, such as theft, fraud, bribery, or exploitation. In Islam, such income is considered impure and is not permissible to use for any purpose, including charitable donations. The Hadith emphasizes the importance of sincerity in one's actions, including charitable giving. It encourages Muslims to ensure that their sources of income are lawful and to give charity with pure intentions, seeking only the pleasure of Allah. By doing so, Muslims can earn the reward of their good deeds and fulfill their religious duties while also helping those in need.

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Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was described as the seal of all prophets, meaning that he was the last of the prophets of Allah. This means that no new prophets will come after him, and his teachings and guidance will be the final word from Allah. Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was sent as a mercy to all of humanity and that his message is universal, applicable to all times and places. The concept of the seal of prophets is an essential part of Islamic belief, and it emphasizes the finality and completeness of the message of Islam.

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The real name of Imam al-Bukhari was Muhammad b. Isma'il. Imam al-Bukhari was a famous Muslim scholar who lived in the 9th century. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest collectors and codifiers of the Hadith, which are the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. Al-Bukhari is best known for his collection of hadiths known as "Sahih al-Bukhari", which is considered to be one of the most authentic collections of hadiths by Sunni Muslims. In summary, Imam al-Bukhari's real name was Muhammad b. Isma'il, and he was a renowned Muslim scholar known for his collection of hadiths.

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The quotation you mentioned is from the Surat Al-Tīn, which is the 95th chapter of the Quran. This chapter is about the importance of belief and good works in the eyes of God. The verse you quoted is emphasizing that humans were created with great potential, but those who do not believe and do good works will fall to a low position. The message is that belief and good works are necessary to maintain a high position in the eyes of God.

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Hadith is important to Muslims because it is the means through which the Prophet's message is known and preserved. The Hadith consists of the sayings, actions, and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) that were recorded and transmitted by his companions and their followers. These Hadith provide Muslims with guidance on all aspects of life, including worship, ethics, morality, and social interactions. The Hadith are considered extremely important because they are the most reliable source of information about the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his teachings. They provide a detailed account of his life and his example, and serve as a means for Muslims to connect with him and understand his message. In addition, the Hadith provide a valuable resource for Islamic scholarship and jurisprudence, helping to shape the development of Islamic law and theology. They are studied and analyzed by scholars and students of Islamic knowledge, and are used as a basis for understanding and interpreting the Quran, the holy book of Islam. Overall, the Hadith are an essential part of Islamic tradition and provide Muslims with a rich source of guidance and inspiration, helping them to live their lives in accordance with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

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A Hadith in which both the chain of narration and the text are considered to be reliable and authentic is known as Sahih. The term "Sahih" in Arabic means "sound" or "authentic". In the context of Hadith, the chain of narration refers to the list of narrators who passed down the Hadith from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to the person who recorded it. The reliability of the chain of narration is essential in determining the authenticity of the Hadith. If any narrator in the chain is known to be unreliable, weak, or of questionable character, the Hadith is considered to be weak or unauthentic. On the other hand, the text of the Hadith refers to the actual words, actions, or approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) that were narrated by the chain of narrators. The text of the Hadith must also be examined to ensure that it is consistent with the teachings of Islam and does not contradict other authentic Hadiths. Therefore, a Hadith that meets the criteria of having a reliable chain of narration and an authentic text is known as Sahih, and is considered to be one of the most reliable sources of Islamic knowledge and guidance.

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Hadith 11 of an-Nawawi admonishes Muslims to avoid doubtful things. The hadith teaches that halal (permissible) and haram (prohibited) things are clear, but there are some things in between that are doubtful or uncertain. Therefore, Muslims should stay away from these doubtful things to ensure that they do not fall into haram. The hadith emphasizes the importance of being cautious and mindful of one's actions, and not taking unnecessary risks. In summary, the hadith encourages Muslims to adhere to a clear and straightforward path and avoid doubtful things that could potentially lead to sin or harm.

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The major activity in Salah (Islamic prayer) that is performed through various bodily postures is known as Raka'at. A Raka'at is a unit of prayer in which a specific sequence of movements is performed, including standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting. Each prayer has a specific number of Raka'at, and the way the movements are performed differs between the different prayer times (Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha). The Raka'at is a significant part of Salah, and performing it correctly is important for the validity of the prayer.

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Surah Al-Imran, verse 103 enjoins Muslims to unite and not be divided. This verse encourages the Muslim community to come together as one and avoid division and disagreement. The verse emphasizes the importance of unity and solidarity among Muslims, and how this can lead to strength and success. This verse is a reminder for Muslims to put aside their differences and work together for the betterment of their community and for the sake of their faith.

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The correct order of authenticity for three of the six sound collections of the Hadith is: 1. Bukhari 2. Muslim 3. Tirmidhi The reason for this order is that the collection of Hadith by Bukhari is considered the most authentic and reliable collection among Muslims, as he had very strict criteria for accepting Hadith as authentic. The collection of Hadith by Muslim is also highly respected and is considered the second most authentic collection. Tirmidhi's collection is also considered reliable and authentic, but not as much as Bukhari and Muslim's collections. Therefore, the correct order is Bukhari, Muslim, and Tirmidhi.

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Hadith 18 of an-Nawawi enjoins believers to have piety and work righteously. Piety refers to being conscious of God and seeking to do what is right in accordance with His guidance. It involves having a deep sense of reverence and awe towards God, and striving to live in a way that is pleasing to Him. Righteousness, on the other hand, refers to acting in accordance with God's commandments and doing good deeds. So, this Hadith teaches us that as believers, we should strive to have piety and work righteously in all aspects of our lives. This means being mindful of God in everything we do, whether it's in our personal relationships, our work or studies, or our social and community activities. It also means striving to do good deeds and to be of service to others, in line with the teachings of Islam. By following this Hadith, believers can become better individuals, and contribute positively to their communities, promoting peace, justice, and compassion.

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A marriage is not considered valid in Islam without at least two witnesses. The presence of witnesses is important in Islam to establish the validity of a marriage contract. These witnesses can be any adult Muslim individuals who are of sound mind and can bear witness to the declaration of the marriage by the bride and groom. In addition to witnesses, a marriage contract is usually signed and a formal declaration of the marriage made in the presence of family members, friends, and community members. However, the presence of witnesses is the most important requirement for a valid Islamic marriage.

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The term "vitiates" means to spoil or destroy the validity of something. Therefore, the question is asking which of the following actions would invalidate or make the act of Salah (Islamic prayer) invalid. Out of the four options given - intoxication, adornment, falsehood, and yawning - the one that vitiates Salah is intoxication. If a person is intoxicated or under the influence of drugs or alcohol, their ability to concentrate and perform the prayer properly is compromised. As a result, their prayer may not be considered valid in the eyes of Allah. However, it's important to note that there are certain conditions under which a person can still perform Salah while under the influence of medication or drugs, such as in cases where the medication is necessary for their health. Adornment, falsehood, and yawning, on the other hand, do not invalidate Salah. Adornment refers to wearing jewelry or clothing during prayer, which is not prohibited in Islam. Falsehood refers to lying or deceiving, which is obviously not an acceptable behavior in Islam but does not necessarily invalidate the prayer itself. Yawning is a natural bodily response and does not affect the validity of the prayer. In summary, the only action out of the given options that would vitiate Salah is intoxication, which can compromise the person's ability to perform the prayer properly.

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The verse that can be recited for protection against evil machinations is Q. 2:255, also known as Ayatul Kursi. Ayatul Kursi is the 255th verse of the second chapter (Surah) of the Quran, and it is one of the most well-known and frequently recited verses in Islam. The verse describes the power and majesty of Allah, and is often recited for protection and guidance. Muslims believe that reciting Ayatul Kursi can help to protect them from evil and negative influences, and can provide them with spiritual strength and guidance. The verse is often recited during times of difficulty or distress, and is also recited as part of the daily prayers. Many Muslims also recite Ayatul Kursi before going to bed at night, as a form of protection and guidance during the night. In summary, Q. 2:255, Ayatul Kursi, is the verse that can be recited for protection against evil machinations. It is a powerful and important verse in Islam, and is widely recited by Muslims for its spiritual and protective benefits.