JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2022

__________________ is the conversion of computer data from one format to another.

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The correct answer is "data conversion." Data conversion refers to the process of changing the format of computer data from one type to another. This may involve converting data from one file format to another, such as converting a document from Microsoft Word format to PDF. It can also involve converting data from one data type to another, such as converting a string of text to a numerical value. Data conversion can be important for many reasons, such as ensuring compatibility between different software programs, preserving data in a usable format over time, and improving the efficiency of data processing. For example, converting data to a more efficient format can reduce the amount of storage space needed, which can be important when dealing with large amounts of data. In summary, data conversion is the process of changing the format or type of computer data to make it usable in different contexts or more efficient to process.

Which of the following is not a method of filing

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Java is a ______ language

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Java is a high-level programming language. This means that it is designed to be easy to read and write for humans, and provides a higher level of abstraction from the hardware than lower-level languages. High-level languages like Java typically have built-in libraries and features that allow developers to write code more efficiently and focus on solving problems rather than worrying about low-level details like memory management or machine architecture. Additionally, high-level languages are typically platform-independent, which means that Java code can be compiled and run on different operating systems without needing to be rewritten.

The windows explorer is divided into _________ categories.

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The Windows Explorer is divided into five categories, which are: 1. Quick Access: This category contains shortcuts to frequently accessed folders and files, such as the Desktop, Documents, and Downloads folders. 2. OneDrive: This category displays files and folders stored on OneDrive, Microsoft's cloud storage service. 3. This PC: This category displays all the drives and storage devices connected to the computer, including the hard drive, external drives, and USB flash drives. 4. Network: This category displays other devices on the local network, such as other computers or printers that are connected. 5. Recycle Bin: This category contains files and folders that have been deleted from the computer and are waiting to be permanently deleted or restored. These categories help users easily navigate and find files and folders on their computer, as well as access files and folders stored in the cloud or on other devices connected to the network.

When an input signal 1 is applied to a NOT gate, the output is ..................

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When an input signal of 1 is applied to a NOT gate, the output will be 0. A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, is a digital logic gate that has one input and one output. The output of a NOT gate is the opposite of the input; if the input is high (1), the output will be low (0), and if the input is low (0), the output will be high (1). In other words, the NOT gate "inverts" the input signal. So, when a 1 is input to a NOT gate, the gate will invert it to 0 and produce that as the output signal. Similarly, when a 0 is input to a NOT gate, the gate will invert it to 1 and output that as the result.

Computer softwares like ios, Ubuntu, Chrome OS, are classified as ___________

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Computer softwares like iOS, Ubuntu, Chrome OS are classified as operating systems, also known as system software. An operating system is a type of software that acts as the backbone of a computer, managing its resources and allowing other software to run on it. It controls the hardware, such as the CPU, memory, and storage, and provides a platform for other software to run on. This includes basic functions like managing files, running applications, and providing access to the internet. In short, the operating system is what makes a computer work and provides a foundation for other software to run on.

How many types of booting are there?

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There are essentially two types of booting: 1. Cold booting: This is the process of starting a computer from a powered-off state. This is typically done by pressing the power button on the computer. A cold boot starts the computer's hardware and boot loader, which then loads the operating system into memory. 2. Warm booting: This is the process of restarting a computer that is already powered on. This is typically done by pressing the reset button or by using the operating system's restart feature. A warm boot reloads the operating system from memory, bypassing the boot loader and hardware initialization. It's important to note that these are the two most basic and widely used types of booting, but there could be other variations or advanced booting procedures used in certain scenarios.

What is the primary purpose of Microsoft Excel?

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Microsoft Excel is primarily used to solve problems involving numbers. It is a spreadsheet program that allows you to organize, analyze and perform calculations on data. You can use Excel to create tables, charts and graphs to visually represent your data and make it easier to understand. It is commonly used for tasks such as budgeting, tracking expenses, and managing project timelines. The program also has many built-in functions that can help you perform complex calculations and analysis with ease. So, the main purpose of Microsoft Excel is to help you work with numbers and make sense of data.

CRACKING comes under _________

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CRACKING is a type of computer crime. It refers to the unauthorized access and manipulation of computer systems or networks. Cracking is usually done by malicious individuals with the intention of stealing information, causing damage or disrupting services. It is different from hacking, which is the process of finding vulnerabilities in computer systems in order to improve their security. Crackers use a variety of techniques, including exploiting security weaknesses, stealing passwords, and installing malware. Cracking is a serious offense that can result in legal consequences, including fines and imprisonment. To protect against cracking, it is important to use strong passwords, keep software up-to-date, and use antivirus software.

A permanent memory, which has data and instruction to start up the computer and does not erase data after power off.

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The permanent memory that has data and instructions to start up the computer and does not erase data after power off is called ROM (Read-Only Memory). ROM is a type of computer memory that is pre-programmed with data and instructions during manufacturing. This means that once the data and instructions are written into ROM, they cannot be changed or erased, hence the name "read-only". When you turn on your computer, the CPU (central processing unit) looks to the ROM for the instructions on how to boot up the computer. These instructions include basic input/output system (BIOS) code that checks the hardware components to make sure they are working properly, and then loads the operating system from the hard drive or another storage device. The data and instructions stored in ROM are not affected by power outages or restarts, meaning that they are retained even when the computer is turned off. This is why ROM is called non-volatile memory. In summary, ROM is a type of permanent memory that contains data and instructions to start up a computer and does not lose this information when the computer is turned off.

Binary coded decimals (BCD) numbers express each digit as a ___________

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Binary coded decimals (BCD) numbers express each digit as a nibble. A nibble is a group of 4 bits, which can represent 16 distinct values (0-15). In BCD, each decimal digit is encoded using a separate nibble, where each nibble represents the binary equivalent of the digit. For example, the decimal number 123 would be represented in BCD as four nibbles: 0001 (1), 0010 (2), 0011 (3), and 0011 (3). Using a nibble to represent each digit is a simple and efficient way to encode decimal numbers in binary form. BCD is commonly used in computer systems where decimal arithmetic is required, such as in financial calculations or in control systems where numerical values need to be displayed on digital screens. In summary, BCD numbers express each decimal digit as a nibble, allowing for efficient and accurate representation of decimal numbers in binary form.

Computers are used majorly at offices for ____________

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Computers are commonly used in offices for a variety of tasks, but some of the major purposes include: 1. Creating and editing documents: Computers are used to create and edit documents such as letters, reports, presentations, and spreadsheets. This is because computers offer a range of software applications that allow users to create and edit documents easily and quickly. 2. Communication: Computers are used to communicate with other employees, clients, and customers through email, video conferencing, and instant messaging. 3. Data management: Computers are used to store and manage data such as customer information, financial records, and inventory lists. This is because computers offer software that allows users to organize and track data efficiently. 4. Accounting: Computers are used for accounting purposes such as bookkeeping, payroll, and invoicing. This is because computers offer specialized software that allows users to manage financial data accurately and quickly. 5. Security: Computers are also used for security purposes such as monitoring and controlling access to sensitive data and systems. This is because computers offer software and hardware tools that can be used to safeguard against unauthorized access and cyber threats. Overall, computers have become an essential tool in the modern office environment, enabling employees to work more efficiently, communicate more effectively, and manage data and information more securely.

Which of the following is not a type of computer on the basis of operation?

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The computer type that is not based on the operation is "Remote." This is because "remote" does not refer to how a computer operates, but rather where it is located or how it is accessed. A remote computer is one that is accessed through a network connection, such as the internet, rather than being physically present with the user. On the other hand, "analog" and "digital" are types of computers based on their method of operation. Analog computers operate by processing continuous physical variables such as voltage, while digital computers operate by processing discrete data in the form of binary digits (bits). Finally, "hybrid" computers are a combination of both analog and digital computers, where they use both continuous and discrete data to perform calculations.

.......... provides total solutions to reduce data redundancy, inconsistency, dependence and unauthorized access of data

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A DBMS (Database Management System) provides comprehensive solutions to reduce data redundancy, inconsistency, dependence, and unauthorized access of data. Data redundancy refers to the duplication of data in a database, which can lead to inconsistencies and take up unnecessary storage space. A DBMS helps to eliminate data redundancy by ensuring that each piece of data is stored only once and is consistently maintained. Data inconsistency refers to the occurrence of conflicting data in a database, which can lead to problems when trying to make decisions based on the data. A DBMS helps to maintain data consistency by enforcing constraints and rules that ensure that data is entered consistently and accurately. Data dependence refers to the relationship between different pieces of data in a database. A DBMS helps to reduce data dependence by allowing data to be stored in separate tables and establishing relationships between those tables. This reduces the risk of changes in one table affecting the data in another table. Finally, a DBMS provides security features to prevent unauthorized access to the data stored in the database. This includes controlling access to the database through user authentication and authorization, as well as ensuring that sensitive data is encrypted to protect it from being accessed by unauthorized individuals. In short, a DBMS provides a centralized and organized way to store, manage, and secure data to ensure its accuracy, consistency, and security.

The arrow displayed on the screen of a computer is called

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The arrow displayed on the screen of a computer is called a "Cursor". The cursor is a graphical representation of the position where text or data can be inserted or edited on the computer screen. It is typically displayed as a blinking vertical line, a block or a underline depending on the type of application or software being used. The cursor can be moved around the screen using the computer mouse, touchpad, or keyboard keys. When the cursor is moved, the text or data following it also moves accordingly. The term "pointer" can also refer to the arrow displayed on the screen, but it is a more general term that can refer to any graphical element used to indicate a position or selection on the screen. The term "indicator" is less commonly used and generally refers to a specific type of visual cue used to provide information to the user.

Which of the following is not a type of computer network?

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The type of computer network that is not among the options is DAN (Distributed Area Network). The other three options are all types of computer networks: VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a type of network that allows remote users to securely access a private network over the internet. CAN (Controller Area Network) is a type of network used in industrial and automotive applications to connect electronic devices such as sensors and controllers. WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) is a type of network that uses wireless technology to connect devices within a limited geographic area, such as a home, office, or campus. Therefore, DAN is not a commonly used type of computer network.

Microsoft PowerPoint is a ________________ application

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Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation software application. This means that it is a program used to create visual aids or slideshows that are intended to enhance a live presentation. It allows users to create and design professional-looking slides that can contain text, images, videos, charts, and graphs. These slides can be used to convey information, ideas, or messages in a clear and visually appealing way. PowerPoint is often used in business, education, and other settings where presentations are a common means of communication. It is not a graphing or gaming software, nor is it considered a productivity software in the same sense as a word processor or spreadsheet program.

The end users are able to operate at the _______ tier.

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End users are able to operate at the "presentation" tier. The presentation tier is the user interface layer of a software application or system. It's the part of the system that the end user interacts with directly, and it includes all the components that allow the user to view and manipulate data. This can include things like graphical user interfaces, web pages, and other visual elements that the user can see and interact with. Because the presentation tier is designed specifically for end users, it's the layer that they are most comfortable operating in. This is where they can view data, input information, and interact with the system to achieve their desired tasks. While there may be other tiers (such as the model, application, and data tiers) that are responsible for processing and managing data behind the scenes, it's the presentation tier where the end user has the most control and where their actions have the most direct impact on the system.

What is the full form of UDP?

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The full form of UDP is User Datagram Protocol. It is a communication protocol used for sending and receiving data over the internet. UDP is a lightweight, connectionless protocol that operates at the Transport layer of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. Unlike TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), which guarantees delivery of data, UDP does not provide any guarantees regarding delivery or sequencing of packets. Instead, UDP is often used for applications that require faster data transfer, such as video streaming or online gaming, where small amounts of lost data are acceptable. The "User Datagram" part of the name refers to the fact that UDP sends data in the form of datagrams, which are discrete chunks of data that are sent as individual packets. The "Protocol" part of the name indicates that UDP is a set of rules and procedures that govern how data is transmitted and received over a network. In summary, UDP is a fast and lightweight protocol used for sending data over the internet. Its name reflects the fact that it operates using datagrams and is a protocol for communication.

Which of the following is not a model used in problem solving?

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Among the options given, critical thinking is not a model used in problem solving. Critical thinking is a mental process that involves analyzing and evaluating information, reasoning, and making decisions. It is a skill that is used to approach problems in a thoughtful and logical way. However, it is not a formal problem-solving model that provides a structured approach to solving a problem. On the other hand, SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle), waterfall, and prototype are models used in problem solving. SDLC is a structured approach used to develop and maintain software. It involves a series of phases that includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. This model provides a framework to guide the development of software systems. Waterfall is a linear sequential approach to software development where each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin. It is a model used to manage the development of software systems, and it emphasizes the importance of planning and documentation. Prototype is a model used in problem solving where a working model of a product or solution is developed to test and refine its features and functionalities. It is used to gather feedback and identify areas for improvement before the final product is developed. In summary, critical thinking is a mental process that is used in problem solving, but it is not a formal problem-solving model. SDLC, waterfall, and prototype are examples of problem-solving models that provide structured approaches to solving problems in various fields.

Which of the following is an example of software

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An example of software is Operating Systems. Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. It is a type of computer program that is designed to perform specific tasks on a computer or other electronic device. Operating systems are a type of software that controls the basic functions of a computer, such as managing its memory and processing power, and providing a platform for other software to run on. A Joystick, Keyboard, and Mouse are examples of hardware, which are physical devices that are used to input information into a computer or other electronic device.

Which of these application packages is mostly used by computer users?

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Out of the options given, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word are the two most commonly used application packages by computer users. Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application that allows users to create, edit, and analyze numerical data in a structured manner. It is widely used by businesses and individuals for tasks such as financial analysis, budgeting, data management, and statistical analysis. Microsoft Word, on the other hand, is a word processing application used for creating and editing text-based documents. It is used for a wide range of purposes, such as writing reports, letters, resumes, and academic papers. While CorelDraw is a graphic design software used for creating vector graphics and Ms Access is a database management system used for storing, managing and retrieving data, they are not as commonly used as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word in day-to-day computer usage.

How many different values can a bit have?

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A bit is the smallest unit of digital information in computing, and it can have two possible values: 0 or 1. This is because a bit is used to represent a binary digit, which can be either on or off, true or false, or high or low. So, the answer is 2. To give an example, imagine a light switch that can either be turned on or off. We can use a bit to represent the state of the switch, where 0 represents the switch being off, and 1 represents the switch being on. In this case, a single bit is enough to represent the two possible states of the switch. Similarly, in computing, a single bit is enough to represent two possible states of any digital information.

The acronym IP address has its full meaning to be _________

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The acronym "IP address" stands for "Internet Protocol address". An IP address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device connected to the internet. Think of it like a phone number for your computer or other device. When you visit a website, your device sends a request to the website's IP address and then the website responds by sending the requested information back to your device's IP address. This is how devices on the internet communicate with each other.

Which part of a processor contains the hard ware necessary to perform all the operations required by a computer?

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The part of a processor that contains the hardware necessary to perform all the operations required by a computer is the "Data path". The data path, also known as the "Arithmetic Logic Unit" (ALU), is a component of the processor that performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. It is responsible for carrying out the instructions of the computer program, performing calculations, and manipulating data. The controller, registers, and cache are also important components of a processor, but they do not contain the hardware necessary to perform all the operations required by a computer. The controller, also known as the "Control Unit", is responsible for directing the flow of data and instructions within the processor, as well as between the processor and other components of the computer. Registers are high-speed storage locations within the processor that store data temporarily for processing. Cache is a small amount of high-speed memory that stores frequently used data and instructions, making them quickly accessible to the processor. Therefore, out of the given options, the data path or ALU is the part of the processor that contains the hardware necessary to perform all the operations required by a computer.

The actual physical network of wires, cables and satellite that connects computers and resources throughout the world is the _______________

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The actual physical network of wires, cables, and satellites that connects computers and resources throughout the world is the Internet. The Internet is a global network of connected devices that enables communication and exchange of information between computers. It enables devices to connect and share resources such as websites, email, files, and other digital content. The Internet uses a variety of communication protocols and technologies, including wired and wireless connections, to facilitate this communication and exchange of information. The Internet is a vital part of our daily lives, providing access to information and enabling us to communicate and collaborate with others from anywhere in the world.

The super computers are mainly used for

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Supercomputers are high-performance computers designed for handling extremely complex and large-scale computational tasks. They are mainly used for mathematical intensive scientific applications, such as simulating complex physical phenomena, weather forecasting, and drug discovery. Supercomputers can perform a vast number of calculations in a short amount of time, which is essential for solving complex problems. These computers are designed to handle massive amounts of data and perform complex algorithms, making them ideal for handling input-output intensive processing tasks. Although they can retrieve data and manipulate records like any other computer, their true power lies in their ability to perform mathematical calculations and simulations that would be impossible for regular computers. Supercomputers are used in a wide range of fields, including aerospace, automotive, energy, finance, and healthcare, to name a few. Their use has led to breakthroughs in many fields and has contributed significantly to scientific and technological advancements.

Which of the following is not a type of logic gate

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The option that is not a type of logic gate is "DOR" because it is not a commonly used logic gate in digital electronics. Logic gates are the building blocks of digital circuits, and they perform basic logical operations on input signals to generate output signals. The three most commonly used types of logic gates are XOR, OR, and AND. XOR (exclusive OR) gate generates a high output only when the inputs are different, and a low output when they are the same. It is commonly used in digital communication systems and encryption algorithms. OR gate generates a high output if any of its inputs are high, and a low output if all of its inputs are low. It is used to combine multiple input signals in digital circuits. AND gate generates a high output only when all of its inputs are high, and a low output if any of its inputs are low. It is used to implement logical conjunction (AND) in digital circuits. In summary, DOR is not a type of logic gate because it is not commonly used in digital electronics. The commonly used types of logic gates are XOR, OR, and AND.

The explorer bar is divided into _________ categories.

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The explorer bar is divided into several categories. The exact number of categories can vary depending on the software and version you are using. The categories typically include items such as "File & Folders", "Search", "History", and "Favorites". The explorer bar provides a user-friendly interface for navigating and accessing different areas of your computer or device, and the categories help to organize and categorize the different types of information and resources that are available. The explorer bar is a common feature in many operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, and is used for accessing and managing files, folders, and other resources on your computer.

Typically, an ATM is used for

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An ATM, or Automated Teller Machine, is typically used for withdrawing cash. It is a machine that allows customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, such as withdrawing cash, checking their account balance, or depositing money, without the need to visit a bank branch. ATMs are widely available and can be found in many public places such as shopping centers, airports, and gas stations. They provide customers with convenient access to their money 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

What is the major purpose of application software?

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The major purpose of application software is to help people perform specific tasks. It provides user-friendly interface to interact with computer systems and accomplish tasks such as word processing, creating spreadsheets, managing databases, playing games, and much more. In short, it is designed to make the user's work easier and more efficient, allowing them to accomplish their work goals with the help of the computer.

To determine if a computer has the ability to think, a test was conducted named as

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The test used to determine if a computer has the ability to think is called the Turing test. The Turing test was proposed by the mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing as a way to determine if a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. The test involves a human evaluator who engages in a natural language conversation with a machine and a human, without knowing which is which, and tries to determine which is the machine based on their responses. If the evaluator is unable to reliably distinguish the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the Turing test and demonstrated human-like intelligence.

Word processor, spreadsheets, database, graphics and presentation software are all examples of?

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Word processor, spreadsheets, database, graphics and presentation software are all examples of application packages. Application packages are software programs designed to perform specific tasks or functions for the user. They are also known as "applications" or "apps" for short. Each of the software examples mentioned - word processor, spreadsheets, database, graphics, and presentation software - have a specific function and are designed to make tasks related to those functions easier for the user. For instance, a word processor is designed to create, edit and format text documents, while a spreadsheet program is designed to perform calculations and data analysis. Database software is designed to store, organize and retrieve large amounts of data, while graphics software is designed to create and edit visual elements such as images and videos. Presentation software is designed to create slideshows and presentations. Overall, application packages are a type of software that provides users with specific tools to perform tasks more efficiently and effectively.

The set of rules that defines the combination of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in that language is called _________

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The set of rules that defines the combination of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in a language is called Syntax. Think of syntax as the grammar of a language. Just like in English, there are certain rules that dictate what combinations of words and punctuation are considered to be a proper sentence, in programming languages there are rules that dictate what combinations of symbols and syntax are considered to be a proper statement or expression. The syntax of a language determines how code should be written in order for it to be properly understood by the computer and executed as intended.

The first commuters were programed using _________

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The first commuters were programmed using machine language. Machine language is the lowest-level programming language that can be used to write computer programs. It consists of binary code, which is a sequence of 1's and 0's that the computer can understand and execute directly. The first computers, such as the ENIAC, did not have high-level programming languages like we have today, such as Python or Java. Instead, they had to be programmed using machine language. This meant that the programmers had to manually enter long sequences of binary code to perform even the simplest tasks on the computer. As computers advanced, higher-level programming languages were developed to make programming easier and more accessible to non-experts. These higher-level languages are often compiled into machine language, which the computer can then execute. But in the early days of computing, programmers had no choice but to write code directly in machine language.

The Domain name of a website is also its__________

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The domain name of a website is also its IP address. Every device that connects to the internet, including websites, is assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address, which is a numerical label. However, remembering a long string of numbers is difficult, so domain names were created to serve as more memorable and recognizable names for websites. When you type a domain name into your web browser's address bar, your browser sends a request to a Domain Name System (DNS) server, which translates the domain name into its corresponding IP address. The IP address is then used to locate the website's server on the internet and retrieve the website's content, which is then displayed in your browser. So, while the domain name is what we typically use to identify a website, it ultimately maps to its underlying IP address, which is used to connect to the website's server and retrieve its content.

The Caps key on a keyboard is used to___________

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The Caps key on a keyboard is used to switch between upper and lower case letters. When you press the Caps key, it changes the letter case of the letters you type from lowercase to uppercase or vice versa. This means that if you type with the Caps key on, all the letters you type will appear in uppercase. Similarly, if you type with the Caps key off, all the letters you type will appear in lowercase. This feature is particularly useful when you want to emphasize certain words or phrases, such as in titles or headings. It can also be used to make your text easier to read by adding some variety to the letter case. For example, when typing a password or other sensitive information, you may want to use a combination of upper and lower case letters to make it more secure. In summary, the Caps key is used to switch between uppercase and lowercase letters in order to make text easier to read, emphasize words, or add security to sensitive information.

In SQL, which command is used to remove a stored function from the database?

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The command used to remove a stored function from the database in SQL is the "DROP FUNCTION" command.

This command is used to permanently remove a stored function from the database. For example, if you have a stored function named "my_function", you can remove it with the following SQL statement:

DROP FUNCTION my_function;

It is important to note that once you drop a stored function, all references to it in your database will be lost and it cannot be recovered. So, it should be used with caution.

Microsoft word serves the purpose of ________

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Microsoft Word serves the purpose of creating documents, which can be anything from simple letters or memos to complex reports, resumes, or even books. It provides a user-friendly platform for users to write, edit, format, and style text, as well as insert images, tables, and other elements to enhance the document's appearance and functionality. Microsoft Word is a popular word processing software used in a wide range of industries, including education, business, and personal use. It allows users to save their documents on their computer or in the cloud, making it easy to access, edit, and share their work from anywhere. Overall, Microsoft Word is a powerful tool for anyone who needs to create or manage written content.

The function of an assembler is to _________

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The function of an assembler is to convert assembly language to machine language. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is used to program computers and microprocessors. It consists of a series of instructions and operations that are written in human-readable text, and the assembler converts these instructions into machine code that the computer can understand and execute. The machine code is a series of binary digits (0s and 1s) that represent the instructions and operations in a form that the computer can process. In this way, the assembler acts as a bridge between the human-readable assembly language and the machine-readable machine code, allowing programmers to write code in a form that is easier for them to understand and debug, while still allowing the computer to execute the code efficiently.