WAEC SSCE - Agricultural Science - 1989…

Question 1 Report

The distance between two successive yam mounds should be about

0.10 m

1.00 m Correct answer

10.00 m

100.00 m

1000.00 m

Answer Details

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Question 2 Report

Thrips cause serious mechanical damages to crops by their

feeding activities on flowers, leaves and fruits Correct answer

laying eggs on plants

sucking of the sap of crops

burrowing activities causing damping off in crops

activities as vectors of bacterial diseases

Answer Details

Thrips cause serious mechanical damages to crops by their feeding activities on flowers, leaves, and fruits. Thrips are small insects that feed on the surface of plants by piercing and sucking the sap out of the cells. This can cause deformities, stunted growth, discoloration, and even death of the plants. Thrips also scrape the surface of the plants with their mouthparts, which can create scarring, silvering, or bronzing of the leaves. These damages can reduce the quality and quantity of the crop yield, and can also make the plants more susceptible to secondary infections by fungi and bacteria.

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Crop Diseases

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Question 3 Report

The best tool(s) a farmer should use to measure out a large farm accurately include(s) the

garden line and measuring tape

measuring tape and ranging poles Correct answer

measuring tape only

garden line only

ranging poles and garden line

Answer Details

To measure out a large farm accurately, a farmer should use tools that provide precise measurements and cover large distances. Therefore, a measuring tape and ranging poles would be the best tools to use. A measuring tape provides accurate measurements, while ranging poles help cover large distances, which makes it easier to measure large farms. A garden line may not be long enough to cover large distances accurately, and using it alone may not provide accurate measurements. Therefore, options 1, 3, and 4 may not be the best tools to use. may be effective, but it may not be as accurate as using ranging poles and a measuring tape.

Read lesson note on Farm Tools And Equipment (WAEC)

Farm Tools And Equipment

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Question 4 Report

Farm credits given to farmers can be only in form of

cash

tractor hiring

insecticides application

fertilizer use Correct answer

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Livestock And Fishing Equipment (WAEC)

Livestock And Fishing Equipment

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Question 5 Report

A protozoan diseases of livestock not transmitted by a vector is

coccidiosis Correct answer

babesiosis

trypanosomiasis

redwater

anaplasmosis

Answer Details

Coccidiosis is a protozoan disease of livestock that is not transmitted by a vector. This disease is caused by a parasite that multiplies in the intestine of animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. It is usually spread through contaminated feed or water, and it affects the absorption of nutrients, causing diarrhea and dehydration. Although it is not transmitted by a vector, coccidiosis can still spread quickly within a herd if proper sanitation measures are not taken. Treatment usually involves the use of drugs to control the parasite and supportive care to manage the symptoms.

Read lesson note on Diseases Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Diseases Of Farm Animals

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Question 6 Report

Vegetables propagation can be carried out through the following processes except

seedling Correct answer

cutting

layering

grafting

budding

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Plant Propagation Methods (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Methods Of Propagation Of Horticultural Plants (WAEC)

Plant Propagation Methods

Methods Of Propagation Of Horticultural Plants

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Question 7 Report

The act of giving birth in rabbits is known as

kidding

farrowing

kindling Correct answer

calving

lambing

Answer Details

The act of giving birth in rabbits is known as "kindling". It is important to note that different animals have specific terms for giving birth. For rabbits, the term kindling is commonly used.

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Read lesson note on Types And Classification Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Animal Reproduction (WAEC)

Reproduction In Farm Animals

Types And Classification Of Farm Animals

Animal Reproduction

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Question 8 Report

The process whereby rocks are broken down into small particles through both physical and chemical factors is known as

rock hydration

rock degradation

oxidation

erosion

weathering Correct answer

Answer Details

The process whereby rocks are broken down into small particles through both physical and chemical factors is known as weathering. Physical factors that cause weathering include temperature changes, wind, and water, while chemical factors include acid rain, oxidation, and plant roots. These factors work together to break down the rock into smaller particles that eventually form soil.

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Rocks

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Question 9 Report

The symptoms of vitamin deficiency diseases in livestock includes the following

scurvy

loss of appetite

poor blood clotting

improved fertility Correct answer

rickets

Answer Details

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Animal Reproduction

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Question 10 Report

Why should a seed-producing farmer spray an insecticide on his crops only when the bees are not around?

the bees would sting him and he therefore avoids them

the farmer does not want to waste his chemicals

bees are important for pollination of his crops Correct answer

bees produce honey for him in his farm

bees are harmless insects

Answer Details

A seed-producing farmer should spray insecticides on his crops only when the bees are not around because bees are important for pollination of his crops. Bees are responsible for transferring pollen from male flowers to female flowers, which leads to the fertilization of the plant and the production of seeds. If the insecticide is sprayed when the bees are around, it may kill them or deter them from visiting the flowers, which would negatively impact the pollination process and ultimately reduce the yield of the crop. Therefore, it is important for farmers to time their insecticide application carefully and avoid spraying when bees are present. This helps to ensure that the crops receive adequate pollination and that the yield is maximized.

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Question 11 Report

The cross-section of a segment of soil showing the horizons or layers is known as the soil

structure

texture

section

depth

profile Correct answer

Answer Details

The correct answer is "profile". A soil profile is a vertical section of the soil, from the surface down to the parent material, that displays a sequence of soil layers or horizons. These layers are differentiated from each other by their physical, chemical, and biological properties, and are used to study and classify soils. A soil profile is an important tool for understanding soil characteristics, such as soil structure, texture, depth, and fertility, and for identifying soil management practices that can be used to improve soil health and productivity.

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Question 12 Report

The expression of a gene in the phenotype irrespective of whether the cell is homozygous or heterozygous is known as

recessive

partial dominance

test-cross

segregation

dominance Correct answer

Answer Details

The expression of a gene in the phenotype irrespective of whether the cell is homozygous or heterozygous is known as dominance. In genetics, dominance is a concept that describes how some alleles (versions of a gene) are expressed over others. If one allele is dominant, it will be expressed in the phenotype even if it is paired with a different allele that is recessive. This means that the presence of a dominant allele can mask the expression of a recessive allele in the phenotype. Dominance can be complete, where the dominant allele completely masks the expression of the recessive allele, or it can be partial, where the dominant allele only partially masks the expression of the recessive allele.

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Maintenance Practices And Precautionary Measures

Genetics

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Question 13 Report

Which of the following is not a factor of improvement in breeding cattle?

fertility

butter-fat percentage

weaning weight

feed efficiency

back-fat thickness Correct answer

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Animal Improvement (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Animal Reproduction (WAEC)

Animal Improvement

Animal Reproduction

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Question 14 Report

The factor that does not influence land use is

toptgraphy

population pressure

population graph Correct answer

forest establishment

soil type

Answer Details

The factor that does not influence land use is population graph. While topography, population pressure, forest establishment, and soil type are all factors that can affect land use, population graph is not a recognized term or concept in the context of land use. It is unclear what is meant by population graph in this context. Therefore, it cannot be considered a factor that influences land use.

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Question 15 Report

Rhizobium supplies nitrogen to leguminous plants by

changing some mineral salts to sulphate of ammonia

incoporating urea into its body

fixing atmospheric nitrogen Correct answer

decomposing plant remains

increasing the PH value of the soil

Answer Details

Rhizobium is a type of bacteria that lives in the root nodules of leguminous plants. It is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, which means it can convert nitrogen gas from the air into a form of nitrogen that plants can use. This process of nitrogen fixation is very important for leguminous plants because it allows them to obtain nitrogen without having to rely on external sources such as fertilizers. The nitrogen that Rhizobium supplies to the plant is in the form of ammonium ions which the plant can absorb and use to synthesize amino acids, proteins, and other important compounds. So, the correct answer is "fixing atmospheric nitrogen".

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Roles Of Government And NGOs In Agricultural Development

Maintenance Practices And Precautionary Measures

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Question 16 Report

The disease which most attacks groundnut is called

rosette Correct answer

mosaic

soft rot

powdery mildew

brown rot

Answer Details

The disease that most commonly attacks groundnut is called rosette. It is a viral disease transmitted by aphids, and it causes severe damage to the leaves, stems, and roots of the plant. The disease gets its name from the characteristic rosette-like growth pattern of the plant, with small, deformed leaves clustered at the top. Rosette disease can lead to stunted growth, reduced yield, and in severe cases, death of the plant.

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Read lesson note on Types And Classification Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Plant Propagation Methods (JAMB)

Crop Diseases

Types And Classification Of Farm Animals

Plant Propagation Methods

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Question 17 Report

Which of the following sources of farm power cannot be effectively used for processing agricultural products?

animals Correct answer

electricity

sun

machines

wind

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Mechanization And Sources Of Farm Power (JAMB)

Mechanization And Sources Of Farm Power

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Question 18 Report

The units of inheritance which determine the various characteristics of crop are called

chromosomes

nuclei

genes Correct answer

cytoplasm

membranes

Answer Details

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Genetics

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Question 19 Report

The advantage of providing drainage ditches in farms is that it

requires periodic clearing

is inconvenient for farm mechanization

is labour intensive

is unsuitable for draining basement of farm buildings

is easily adopted by samll scale farmers Correct answer

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Irrigation And Drainage (WAEC)

Irrigation And Drainage

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Question 20 Report

Which of the following is not used for identification purpose in livestock?

tattooing

branding

tagging

notching

shearing Correct answer

Answer Details

Shearing is not used for identification purpose in livestock. Shearing is the process of removing wool, hair or fur from the body of an animal, usually for commercial purposes. On the other hand, tattooing, branding, tagging and notching are commonly used methods of identifying livestock for various purposes such as ownership, breeding, health management and monitoring, and disease control.

Read lesson note on Types And Classification Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Types And Classification Of Farm Animals

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Question 21 Report

If a crop requires 1.5 kg phosphorus per hectare, how many kg of manure will be required per hectare if 1 kg manure contains 0.49 kg of phosphorus?

2.47

2.97

7.35

12.39

30.61 Correct answer

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Crop Improvement (WAEC)

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Crop Improvement

Common Breeds Of Animals And Types Of Animals In West Africa

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Question 22 Report

Nitrogen is made available to plants in the form of nitrates through the process of

deamination and nitrification

ammonification and denitrification

deamination and ammonification

nitrification and dentrification

nitrification and ammonification Correct answer

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Plant Forms And Functions (JAMB)

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Plant Forms And Functions

Roles Of Government And NGOs In Agricultural Development

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Question 23 Report

Which of the following is not a factor affecting fertility in farm animals?

age

ovulation rate

number of ova fertilized

number of offspring produced

lactation rate Correct answer

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Animal Feeds And Feed Stuffs And Their Local Sources (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Diseases Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Anatomy And Physiology Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Animal Feeds And Feed Stuffs And Their Local Sources

Diseases Of Farm Animals

Anatomy And Physiology Of Farm Animals

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Question 24 Report

A forest established for watershed management will perform the following functions except

reducing water pollution

controlling fish population Correct answer

controlling erosion

maintaining a steady stream flow

reducing evaporation

Answer Details

A forest established for watershed management will perform all of the functions listed except for controlling fish population. Forests can help to reduce water pollution, control erosion, maintain a steady stream flow, and reduce evaporation by increasing infiltration and slowing down the movement of water across the land. However, controlling fish population is not a typical function of a forest established for watershed management, as this is generally managed through other means such as fishing regulations and habitat restoration projects.

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Read lesson note on Forest Management (Silviculture) (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Land And Its Uses (WAEC)

Plant Forms And Functions

Forest Management

Forest Management (Silviculture)

Land And Its Uses

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Question 25 Report

The desirable characteristics of forage crops include the following except

palatability

dependability

high yield

resistance to trampling

poor reproductive ability Correct answer

Answer Details

Forage crops are plants that are primarily grown to feed animals. They are a crucial source of nutrients for animals such as cows, sheep, goats, and horses. When selecting forage crops, farmers look for certain desirable characteristics that can ensure maximum yield and good nutrition for their animals. Palatability refers to the taste and smell of the forage crop, which affects whether animals will eat it or not. Dependability refers to the ability of the forage crop to produce consistent yields, even under variable environmental conditions. High yield is another important characteristic that ensures that there is enough forage to feed the animals. Resistance to trampling is also a desirable characteristic because animals may walk over the forage crop, which can damage or destroy it. On the other hand, poor reproductive ability is not a desirable characteristic for forage crops. This is because forage crops are typically harvested before they can produce seeds, so their reproductive ability is not important. Instead, farmers look for plants that produce a lot of biomass and are able to regrow quickly after harvest. Therefore, "poor reproductive ability" is the characteristic that is not desirable among forage crops.

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Question 26 Report

Which of the following is not a factor of improvement in breeding cattle?

bloat Correct answer

night blindness

milk fever

infertility

anaemia

Answer Details

The factor of improvement in breeding cattle refers to the traits that breeders aim to enhance through selective breeding. These traits include high milk yield, fast growth, disease resistance, and good temperament, among others. Among the options provided, bloat, night blindness, milk fever, infertility, and anemia are all health conditions that can negatively impact the breeding potential of cattle. Bloat is a condition where the animal's stomach fills with gas and can be fatal if not treated quickly. Night blindness, caused by vitamin A deficiency, can reduce the animal's ability to see and lead to accidents or difficulty finding food. Milk fever is a metabolic disorder that can occur after calving and cause muscle weakness and decreased milk production. Infertility can affect both male and female cattle, and it can be caused by various factors such as disease, genetics, or poor nutrition. Anemia is a condition where the animal lacks sufficient red blood cells to transport oxygen to body tissues, which can cause weakness, fatigue, and decreased productivity. Therefore, the answer to the question is that "bloat" is not a factor of improvement in breeding cattle. Rather, it is a health condition that needs to be prevented or treated in order to maintain the health and productivity of the animal.

Read lesson note on Livestock Management (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Animal Improvement (WAEC)

Livestock Management

Animal Improvement

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Question 27 Report

The parent material of a soil is formed from the disintegration of

sand

gravel

silt

rock Correct answer

organic matter

Answer Details

The parent material of a soil is formed from the disintegration of rock. Over time, physical and chemical weathering of rocks lead to the formation of parent materials which eventually form soils. The composition and characteristics of the parent material contribute to the properties of the soil, including texture, structure, nutrient content, and water-holding capacity. The type of rock that breaks down and the extent of weathering that occurs influences the type of soil that will be formed.

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Read lesson note on Soil (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Rocks (WAEC)

Soil Profile

Soil

Rocks

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Question 28 Report

The commonest method of land tenure in Nigeria is

lease

inheritance Correct answer

outright purchase

pledge

state allocation

Answer Details

The commonest method of land tenure in Nigeria is inheritance. Inheritance involves the transfer of land from parents to children, and it is a traditional method of land transfer that has been in existence for generations. Land is considered a family asset that is passed down from one generation to another, and it is governed by customary laws and practices. This method of land tenure is prevalent in rural areas where there is a strong attachment to family land and cultural practices. However, there are also other methods of land tenure in Nigeria, including lease, outright purchase, pledge, and state allocation, but they are not as common as inheritance.

Read lesson note on Problems Of Agricultural Development And Possible Solutions (WAEC)

Problems Of Agricultural Development And Possible Solutions

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Question 29 Report

Which of the following breeds of cattle is regarded as the best dairy breed in Nigeria?

red bororo

keteku

sokoto gudali

muturu

white fulani Correct answer

Answer Details

The breed of cattle regarded as the best dairy breed in Nigeria is the White Fulani. This breed of cattle is known for its high milk yield and adaptability to different environments. White Fulani cows are usually large and have a white coat with a hump on their back. They are found in many parts of Nigeria and are preferred by dairy farmers because of their milk production efficiency.

Read lesson note on Livestock And Fishing Equipment (WAEC)

Livestock And Fishing Equipment

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Question 30 Report

Which of the following crops is a raw material for production of chocolate?

kolanut

coffee

banana

cocoa Correct answer

avocado pear

Answer Details

The crop that is a raw material for the production of chocolate is cocoa. Cocoa beans are extracted from the cocoa plant, which are then processed into cocoa powder and cocoa butter - both essential ingredients for making chocolate. Therefore, option D - cocoa - is the correct answer.

Read lesson note on Crop Improvement (WAEC)

Crop Improvement

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Question 31 Report

The average seed rate for maize is 25 kg per hectare. Allowing for a seed wastage of 5 per cent.How many kilogram of seeds would be required in planting 10 hectares of farmland?

237.5

238.0

250.0

255.0

262.5 Correct answer

Answer Details

The average seed rate for maize is 25 kg per hectare, which means 25 kg of maize seeds are required to plant 1 hectare of farmland. Now, to plant 10 hectares of farmland, we need to multiply the seed requirement for 1 hectare by 10. So, Seed requirement for 10 hectares = 25 kg/ha x 10 ha = 250 kg However, we also need to account for the seed wastage of 5%. This means that 5% of the total seed requirement will be wasted, and we need to add this to the original requirement. Seed wastage = 5% of 250 kg = (5/100) x 250 kg = 12.5 kg Total seed requirement with wastage = 250 kg + 12.5 kg = 262.5 kg Therefore, the answer is 262.5 kg, which is option E.

Read lesson note on Farm Inputs (JAMB)

Farm Inputs

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Question 32 Report

Which of the following environmental factors is likely to have the greatest influence on crop production in Nigeria?

temperature

vegetation

air movement

moisture Correct answer

pressure

Answer Details

Among the environmental factors listed, moisture is likely to have the greatest influence on crop production in Nigeria. Nigeria has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, and rainfall is generally the most limiting factor for agricultural production. Insufficient rainfall or prolonged droughts can cause crops to wither and die, leading to reduced yields and even crop failure. On the other hand, excessive rainfall can cause flooding and waterlogging, which can also damage crops. Therefore, moisture management is critical for successful crop production in Nigeria.

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Roles Of Government And NGOs In Agricultural Development

Soil

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Question 33 Report

The function of soil micro-organisms include the following except

decomposition of dead plant and animal remains

recycling of nutrients

causing plant or animal diesases

living as parasites on crop plants

filtration of soil water for plant use Correct answer

Answer Details

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Question 34 Report

The following are factors of agricultural production except

farmstead Correct answer

land

labour

capital

management

Answer Details

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Factors Of Production

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Question 35 Report

In the establishment of pastures, it is best to

plant only grasses

plant only legumes

plant a mixture of grasses and legumes Correct answer

let the natural grasses grow

allow weeds to mix with the forage crops

Answer Details

It is best to plant a mixture of grasses and legumes in the establishment of pastures. This is because grasses and legumes complement each other in terms of nutrient content, growth habit, and ecological requirements. Legumes have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, which is important for the growth of both grasses and legumes. Additionally, the legumes provide protein-rich forage for livestock, which can improve their productivity. On the other hand, grasses provide the bulk of the forage and can help to reduce weed growth by shading out weed seeds. Therefore, a mixture of grasses and legumes is ideal for sustainable pasture management.

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Question 36 Report

Some of the by-products of fish include the following except

fish meal

fish silage

glue

oil

leather Correct answer

Answer Details

The question is asking for a by-product of fish that is NOT listed among the options. The correct answer is "leather", as it is not typically considered a by-product of fish. Fish by-products are often obtained from processing fish for food or other uses. Fish meal, fish silage, glue, and oil are all examples of common by-products of fish. Fish meal is a high-protein supplement used in animal feed, while fish silage is used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner. Fish glue can be used as a wood adhesive or in the manufacture of paper, and fish oil is commonly used as a nutritional supplement for humans and animals. However, leather is not typically produced from fish, making it the correct answer to the question.

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Fisheries And Wildlife

Animal By-Products

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Question 37 Report

Slate is derived from

schist

sandstone

shale Correct answer

gneiss

quartzite

Answer Details

Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from shale through a low-grade regional metamorphism process. The original shale deposits were subjected to heat and pressure, causing them to transform into slate. This transformation process involves the recrystallization of the minerals in the shale, resulting in the formation of a dense, fine-grained rock with excellent cleavage. Therefore, the correct option is shale.

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Rocks

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Question 38 Report

The process of meiosis in plants ensures the production of reproduction of reproductive cells with

the same number of chromosomes like the parent plant

half the number of chromosomes of the parent plant Correct answer

no chromosomes like the parent plant

thrice the number of chromosomes of the parent plant

twice the number of chromosomes of the parent plant

Answer Details

The process of meiosis in plants ensures the production of reproductive cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent plant. During meiosis, the cell undergoes two rounds of division, which results in the production of four haploid cells (cells with half the number of chromosomes). This is important for sexual reproduction, as it ensures that when the sperm and egg cells unite, the resulting offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes.

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Genetics

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Question 39 Report

Minerals such as contained in oyster shell help animals to

build up their body tissue

develop their bones and teeth Correct answer

have balanced diet

develop immunity against deficiency diseases

increas their blood mineral content

Answer Details

The minerals contained in oyster shells help animals to develop their bones and teeth. Oyster shells are a rich source of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium that are essential for the growth and development of bones and teeth in animals. These minerals are also important for maintaining strong bones and teeth throughout an animal's life. Therefore, consuming oyster shells or adding them to an animal's diet can help ensure that they are getting enough of these important minerals to develop and maintain healthy bones and teeth.

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Major Internal Organs Of Farm Animals

Genetics

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Question 40 Report

the factors that can predispose animals to diseases include the following except

poor housing

malnutrition

immunity Correct answer

physical injuries

unfavourable weather

Answer Details

The question is asking which of the following is NOT a factor that can predispose animals to diseases. The correct answer is "immunity", as immunity is a protective factor that can prevent animals from contracting diseases, rather than a factor that can predispose them to diseases. In simple terms, the other options - poor housing, malnutrition, physical injuries, and unfavorable weather - can all weaken an animal's immune system and make them more susceptible to contracting diseases.

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Read lesson note on Apiculture Or Bee Keeping (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Anatomy And Physiology Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Mechanization And Sources Of Farm Power

Apiculture Or Bee Keeping

Anatomy And Physiology Of Farm Animals

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Question 41 Report

The following are advantages of the sprinkler method of irrigation except

rate of application of irrigation water can be controlled

portable nature of many sprinkler system make them suitable for use

the sprinkler system can be made automatic

method can be where topography affects horrowing of land

method may be difficult for local farmers to use Correct answer

Answer Details

The question is asking for an option that is NOT an advantage of the sprinkler method of irrigation. Based on the options provided, the last option "method may be difficult for local farmers to use" is the answer. The sprinkler method of irrigation has several advantages, including the ability to control the rate of water application, the portability of the sprinkler system, and the option to make the system automatic. Additionally, this method can be used on land with varying topography where traditional furrow irrigation is difficult to implement. However, one disadvantage of the sprinkler method is that it may be difficult for some local farmers to use due to the high cost of equipment and maintenance.

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Question 42 Report

Which of the following is not an effect of burning on the soil?

increasing the organic matter in the soil Correct answer

increasing the soil nutrients

increasing the acidity of the soil

exposing the soil to erosion

sterilization of the soil

Answer Details

The option that is not an effect of burning on the soil is "increasing the organic matter in the soil". Burning of vegetation, also known as bush burning, has negative effects on soil fertility and ecosystem in general. It reduces soil organic matter, exposes the soil to erosion, increases soil acidity, and can lead to the loss of beneficial soil microorganisms. Therefore, burning of vegetation is generally discouraged in agriculture and land management practices.

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Question 43 Report

The following factors should be considered when selecting a farm animal irrespective of the use management and cost except

heredity

age

health Correct answer

fecundity

colour

Answer Details

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Genetics

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Question 44 Report

The best method(s) of regulating fish capture is/are

gill netting and electro-fishing

quota and mesh-size control Correct answer

beach seine method

active netting

passive netting

Answer Details

The best method(s) of regulating fish capture is/are quota and mesh-size control. Quotas refer to the limits set on the amount of fish that can be caught during a particular period, while mesh-size control refers to the use of fishing nets with a specific mesh size to prevent catching undersized or juvenile fish. These methods aim to maintain sustainable fishing practices by ensuring that fish populations are not overexploited or depleted. Gill netting and electro-fishing, active netting, and passive netting can lead to unintended bycatch and harm to non-target species. The beach seine method is also known to have negative impacts on the environment and other marine organisms. Therefore, quota and mesh-size control are considered the best methods for regulating fish capture.

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Fisheries And Wildlife

Forest Management

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Question 45 Report

The part of the ruminant stomach from which digestive juices secreted is the

rumen

reticulum

omasum

paunch

abomasum Correct answer

Answer Details

The part of the ruminant stomach from which digestive juices are secreted is the abomasum. The abomasum is also called the "true stomach" of the ruminant because it functions similarly to the monogastric stomach found in non-ruminant animals. In contrast, the rumen, reticulum, and omasum are specialized compartments of the ruminant stomach where fermentation of ingested food occurs, with the aid of microorganisms. The paunch is another name for the rumen.

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Animal Reproduction

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Question 46 Report

Most farmers in Nigeria are hesitant in adopting new farming techniques because they

are poor and cannot afford to take risks Correct answer

do not trust the extension worker

do not accept anything that comes from the government

are too old-fashioned to adopt new ideas

are afraid of the market instability

Answer Details

Most farmers in Nigeria are hesitant in adopting new farming techniques because they are poor and cannot afford to take risks. This is because trying out new techniques may involve additional expenses and there is no guarantee of success. Many farmers in Nigeria live on subsistence farming and their income may not be sufficient to cover their basic needs, let alone to invest in new technologies. Additionally, they may not have access to credit facilities to support their farming activities. Therefore, they tend to stick to traditional farming techniques that they are familiar with and have been using for generations.

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Question 47 Report

Which of the following is a day-to-day record of work on a farmer's farm?

crop yield book

labour diary Correct answer

farm inventory

produce account

profit and loss account

Answer Details

The day-to-day record of work on a farmer's farm is called a "labour diary." This record is used to keep track of the work done on the farm each day, including tasks performed, hours worked, and the number of workers involved. It is an important tool for the farmer to monitor the progress of work and ensure that tasks are completed on schedule. The other options listed - crop yield book, farm inventory, produce account, and profit and loss account - are all different types of records that a farmer might keep, but they do not specifically track the day-to-day work on the farm.

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Farm Management

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Question 48 Report

The commonest ectoparasites of birds are

lice Correct answer

fleas

ticks

mites

houseflies

Answer Details

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Main Pests And Parasites Of Farm Animals

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Question 49 Report

The exotic breeds of rabbits found in Nigeria include the following except

new zealand white

chinchila

american albino

flemish gaint

rhode island red Correct answer

Answer Details

The answer is "Rhode Island Red" because it is a breed of chicken, not a breed of rabbit. The question is asking for the exotic breeds of rabbits found in Nigeria, and all the other options are breeds of rabbits, except for Rhode Island Red which is a breed of chicken.

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Types And Classification Of Farm Animals

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Question 50 Report

Which of the following is not an effect on man of the various preventive and control measures of diseases and pests of crops?

air pollution

water poisoning

food contamination

poor health

poor utilization Correct answer

Answer Details

The correct option is "poor utilization". Preventive and control measures of diseases and pests of crops are taken to ensure healthy and abundant crop yields. These measures include the use of pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides. While these chemicals may have adverse effects on the environment, such as air pollution and water poisoning, they do not directly lead to poor utilization of crops by humans. The other options, such as food contamination and poor health, are potential negative effects of the use of these chemicals.

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Crop Diseases

Plant Propagation Methods

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Question 51 Report

Peasant farmers sell almost all their produce immediately after harvesting because

stored produce would be lost to pests

there are inadequate storage facilities Correct answer

stored produce lose their quality

the commonest method of land tenure in nigeria

the prices offered for stored produce are low

Answer Details

Peasant farmers sell almost all their produce immediately after harvesting because of inadequate storage facilities. They do not have proper storage facilities to preserve their produce, and stored produce may be lost to pests, lose their quality or may not fetch high prices in the market. Additionally, the commonest method of land tenure in Nigeria is communal landholding, and peasant farmers may not have exclusive rights to the land they farm. As a result, they may not have the resources to invest in storage facilities. Therefore, they choose to sell their produce immediately after harvest to avoid losses due to poor storage.

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Read lesson note on Uses And Maintenance Of Horticultural Tools (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Irrigation And Drainage (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Forest Management (Silviculture) (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Diseases Of Crops (WAEC)

Meaning And Importance Of Agriculture

Uses And Maintenance Of Horticultural Tools

Irrigation And Drainage

Forest Management (Silviculture)

Diseases Of Crops

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Question 52 Report

At which of the following ages are gilts normally mated?

8 - 12 months Correct answer

14 - 15 months

15 - 20 months

21 - 24 months

over 25 months

Answer Details

Gilts are female pigs that have not yet given birth. Normally, they are mated between the ages of 8-12 months. At this age, they have reached sexual maturity and are able to conceive and carry a pregnancy to full term. Mating them earlier than 8 months may result in poor conception and litter sizes, while waiting until they are over 12 months may result in reduced fertility and increased risk of complications during pregnancy and farrowing. Therefore, the best age range for mating gilts is between 8 and 12 months.

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Major Internal Organs Of Farm Animals

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Question 53 Report

Contact insecticides are used to control

pod borers of legumes

stem borers of cereal

leaf beetles of legumes Correct answer

peel worm of legumes

bollworms of cotton

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Crop Diseases (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Crop Pests (JAMB)

Crop Diseases

Crop Pests

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Question 54 Report

The growing of both forest and agricultural crops on the same piece of land is termed

mixed cropping

mixed farming

forestry

taungya system Correct answer

poor reproductive ability

Answer Details

The term used to describe the growing of both forest and agricultural crops on the same piece of land is "taungya system". This is a type of agroforestry system in which farmers establish and maintain agricultural crops in the understory of a forest while the forest trees are still growing. The agricultural crops are typically planted in the forest during the first few years of its establishment and are later harvested as the forest matures. This system is commonly used in tropical regions to provide both food and income for farmers while also promoting forest conservation and management.

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Cropping Systems, Planting Patterns And Plant Density

Forest Management (Silviculture)

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Question 55 Report

The most important limitation of agricultural mechanization is

small holdings Correct answer

lack of technical know-how

poor marketing system

inadequate storage facilities

pest attack

Answer Details

The most important limitation of agricultural mechanization is small holdings. Agricultural mechanization requires significant capital investment in machinery and equipment, and it is more economical when practiced on large-scale farms. Small-scale farmers, who often have limited resources and land, may find it difficult to invest in such equipment. As a result, they may not be able to enjoy the benefits of mechanization, such as increased productivity, efficiency, and reduced labor costs.

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Read lesson note on Common Weeds (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Agricultural Mechanization (WAEC)

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Read lesson note on Land And Its Uses (WAEC)

Prospects Of Agricultural Mechanization

Common Weeds

Agricultural Mechanization

Implications Of Demand And Supply For Agricultural Production

Land And Its Uses

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Question 56 Report

The instrument used to measure the relative humidity is

thermometer

anemometer

hygrometer Correct answer

hydrometer

rain gauge

Answer Details

The instrument used to measure the relative humidity is a hygrometer. A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the amount of water vapor in the air or the humidity. There are different types of hygrometers, such as mechanical and electronic, but they all measure the humidity of the air.

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Question 57 Report

Low fibre and high energy feeds are classified as

supplement

concentrates Correct answer

roughages

additives

basal feeds

Answer Details

Low fibre and high energy feeds are classified as "concentrates". Concentrates are feeds that are high in energy and low in fibre, with a low content of crude fiber, and include grains and oilseeds. They are used to supplement the diets of animals and are typically given in smaller amounts than roughages or basal feeds, which are high in fibre and low in energy. The main function of concentrates is to supply energy and protein to meet the animal's nutritional requirements. They can be used to supplement grazing or forage diets, or as the main source of nutrition in confinement feeding systems.

Read lesson note on Livestock And Fishing Equipment (WAEC)

Livestock And Fishing Equipment

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Question 58 Report

Which of the following constitutes a direct monetary cash assistance from government to farmers?

agricultural development programmes

extension services

supply of inputs

loans Correct answer

tractor hiring services

Answer Details

Out of the given options, only "loans" can be considered as direct monetary cash assistance from the government to farmers. Agricultural development programmes, extension services, supply of inputs, and tractor hiring services do not involve direct monetary cash assistance, but rather provide various forms of support such as training, technical assistance, or equipment. Loans, on the other hand, involve the government providing money to farmers, which can be used for various purposes such as buying inputs, equipment, or other farming-related expenses.

Read lesson note on Agricultural Finance (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Land And Its Uses (WAEC)

Agricultural Finance

Land And Its Uses

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WAEC SSCE - Agricultural Science - 1989 (Objective)