WAEC SSCE - Civic Education - 2024 (Essay)

Challenges  facing democracy in West Africa 

(i) weak or inadequate inter-party democracy 

(ii) Godfatherism in party politics 

(iii) poverty 

(iv) poor justice delivery system 

(v) high cost of governance

(vi) infrastructure decay 

Ways HIV/AIDS can be prevented 

(i) public enlightenment and education on HIV/AIDS  and its prevention 

(ii) Unmarried people should abstain from unprotected sex /usage of condoms 

(iii)HIV/AIDS test should be carried out to determine HIV/AIDS status

(iv) Contact with infected body fluid, such as infected blood, should be avoided 

(v) Infected needles and other sharp objects should be used once and then disposed 

(vi) Pregnant women should be tested for HIV/AIDS 

(vii) Women with confirmed  HIV/AIDS should avoid breastfeeding

(viii) inclusive of HIV/AIDS in the school curriculum 

(ix) adherence to HIV/AIDS preventive measures/kit by medical personnel to avoid 

(b) Symptoms usually associated with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) 

(i) tuberculosis/dry cough 

(ii) memory loss/ amnesia 

(iii) extreme weakness /chronic fatigue. 

(iv) persistent fever /headache 

(v) swollen lymph glands/nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin 

(vi) chronic diarrhea/dehydration 

(vii) profuse sweating at night 

(viii) nausea/wage to vomit 

(ix)unexplained weight loss /emaciation 

(x) mouth, genital and anal sores 

Ways substance can be curbed  in various institutions of learning 

(i) placing /enforcement of a stiff penalty for drug-related offenses in schools

(ii) exposure to drug-related education in the school system 

(iii) Students should be taught moral and religious precepts and principles  

(iv) Access to hard drugs should be controlled by the school authority 

(v) Students should be encouraged to resist

(vi) An exemplary lifestyle by members of staff should be encouraged  

(vii) exposure of students to life coping is negative  peer pressure 

(viii) General awareness /media campaigns against substance abuse should be intensified 

(ix) There should be intensive counseling 

Scope of the Constitution 

(i) It entrenched the fundamental human rights of the citizens 

(ii) The constitution stipulates the administrative structure of the civil service and public service 

(iii) The constitution states the type of party that will operate 

(iv) it expresses the ideals and aspirations of the people or citizens /fundamental principles and objectives of the state 

(v) it specifies the type, system, form, etc, of government to be adopted 

(vi) it defines the criteria of an individual to acquire a citizenship, their duties, and obligations

(vii) it recognizes the composition of the forms /tiers /levels of government0