WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2016 (Practical)

(a) Steps in processing specimen P (blood) into blood meal

1. Collect fresh blood from slaughtered animals into a clean container.
2. Remove contaminants from the blood.
3. Allow the blood to coagulate/clot.
4. Heat or cook the coagulated blood to reduce moisture and kill pathogens.
5. Cut the heated blood into pieces.
6. Dry the pieces thoroughly by sun-drying or oven-drying.
7. Grind or mill the dried pieces into a fine powder.
8. Bag and store the blood meal in a cool, dry place.

(b) Two nutrients supplied by blood meal

• Protein (rich in lysine).
• Minerals, especially iron.

(c) Two housing units for keeping specimen Q (rabbit)

• Hutches.
• Cages (also deep litter/floor pens).

(d) Four products obtainable from specimen Q (rabbit)

• Meat.
• Pelt/skin (hide).
• Fur/wool.
• Manure (also bone and blood).

(e) Two ectoparasites that could infest specimen Q (rabbit)

• Mites.
• Fleas (also ticks and lice).

(a) Three ways in which specimen A (Tapeworm) is of economic importance

• It causes loss of weight and reduced productivity in infested animals.
• It leads to condemnation of infected meat and organs at inspection, causing financial loss.
• It can be transmitted to man (as cysticercosis/measly meat), and heavy infestation may kill the animal.

(b) Four ways of controlling specimen A (Tapeworm)

• Deworm the animals regularly with a suitable drug.
• Ensure thorough meat inspection to detect and condemn infected meat.
• Cook meat properly before eating to kill the cysts.
• Maintain good sanitation with proper disposal of faeces, and control the intermediate host.

(c) Three nutrients contained in specimen B (Fish meal)

• Protein.
• Calcium.
• Phosphorus (also fat/oil and vitamins).

(d) Two ectoparasites that could infest cattle (from which specimen C, hide, was obtained)

• Tick.
• Louse (also mite, tsetse fly).

(e) Three uses of specimen C (Hide of cattle)

• Making leather for shoes, bags and belts.
• Making drum coverings and other crafts.
• Source of income (and raw material for glue/gelatin).

(a) Three disadvantages of using specimen J (Hurricane lantern) in a poultry house

• It is a fire hazard: the naked flame can easily ignite the dry litter, feathers and wooden fittings and burn down the house with the birds inside.
• It releases smoke, soot and carbon (II) oxide (carbon monoxide) that pollute the air, soil the birds and can cause respiratory disease or suffocation.
• It gives only weak, uneven light and heat and needs constant refuelling and maintenance, making it costly and unreliable for brooding a large flock.

(b) Two precautions to be taken when using specimen J

• Place the lantern on a firm, stable stand well out of the reach of the birds and away from the litter and any other flammable material, so it cannot be knocked over.
• Do not overfill the fuel tank, use clean (unadulterated) kerosene, make sure the tank does not leak and the cover is firmly locked, and clean the chimney regularly to prevent soot build-up and flaring.

(c) Three uses of specimen K (Snail)

• It is eaten as food, providing a rich source of animal protein for human beings.
• It is sold to earn income for the farmer, and it has medicinal value (the flesh and fluid are used in treating conditions such as ulcers and in wound healing).
• Its shell is used as a source of calcium and liming material in animal feed, and for decoration and craft work.

(d) Three feedstuffs that could be used in feeding specimen K (Snail)

• Green leaves and vegetables (for example pawpaw, cocoyam and waterleaf leaves).
• Fruits and tubers such as ripe pawpaw, banana, plantain and slices of cassava or yam.
• A calcium source such as ground limestone, oyster shell, bone meal or crushed eggshell, given to help shell formation.

(e) Four uses of specimen L (Knife) on an animal farm

• Slaughtering, bleeding and dressing (skinning and cutting up) of animals for meat.
• Castration of male animals to control breeding and improve temperament and meat quality.
• Cutting and chopping of forage, grass and feed for the animals.
• Trimming of hooves, debeaking of birds, and cutting the navel cord of newborn animals; it is also used in identification marks such as notching.

(a) Three nutrients found in specimen G (raw milk)

• Protein.
• Carbohydrate (lactose).
• Fats/lipids (also water, vitamins and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus).

(b) Three ways of preserving specimen G (raw milk)

• Drying/dehydration into powdered milk.
• Freezing, refrigeration or chilling.
• Boiling/pasteurisation (also canning).

(c) Two functions of specimen H (gizzard) in farm animals

• Grinding and crushing of feed into fine particles.
• Churning and mixing of feed to aid digestion.

(d) Two features of specimen H (gizzard) that enable it to perform these functions

• It has thick, tough muscular walls that mix and crush the feed.
• It contains grits, stones or gastroliths and a rough corrugated inner lining that grind the feed.

(e) Three farm animals which possess specimen H (gizzard)

• Chicken (domestic fowl).
• Duck.
• Turkey (also guinea fowl, goose, quail and ostrich).