WAEC SSCE - Biology - 2023 (Essay)

Question 1 Report

a.Relationships I, II, III, IV and V exist among some organisms in an ecosystem. Use them to answer the question
I: Organism A grows on dead organism B.
II: Organism C feeds on the remnants of food left by organism D without affecting organism D negatively or positively
III: Organism E provides shelter for organism F while organism F transports organism E towards food
IV: Organism G kills organism B for food
V: Organism H feeds on organism J, causing organism J a disease.

Name the type of relationship in: I,II,III,IV,V

b. what is the biological term for each of organisms B and G?

c. Name one example each of organisms B to J

di. Name the relationship that is most beneficial to the ecosystem.

ii Give one reason for the answer in 3d(i)

ei. Give two examples of organism A

ii. Name the group to which organism A belongs

Answer

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Question 2 Report

ai. What are sense organs?

ii. Name three sense organs that respond to the stimulus of chemicals

b. List three animals each that exhibit the following courtship behaviours
i.territoriality ii. pairing

ci. State one similarity between the eggs of toad and the eggs of birds.

ii. State three differences between the eggs of toads and the eggs of birds.

d. Complete the table below by listing four organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle and state one role each of the organisms.

four organisms involved in nitrogen circle

one role of organism

e. Complete the table below by naming two types of heterotrophic modes of nutrition in animals and give two examples each of the organisms that carry out the modes of nutrition.

Two modes of heterotrophic nutrition

Two examples of organisms that carry out mode of nutrition

Answer

ai. Organs with sensory receptors; that detect changes from the environment;and relay the impulses to the nervous system;for interpretation and appropriate response sent to the effector organ.

ii. -Tongue;
-Nose;
-Skin;

bi.

-Agama lizard/lizard;
-Leopard/tiger;
-Jaguar;
-Lion;
-Monkey;
-Chimpanzee/baboon;
-Dog;
-Cat;
-Male Tilapia.

ii.

-Termite;
-Human;
-Gibbon;
-Domestic fowl/duck/pigeon;
-Fish;
-Spider;- monkey,- toad;

ci. Both have
-yolk;
-embryo;
-vitelline membrane

cii.

Eggs of toads	Eggs of birds
Surrounded by jelly coat	surrounded by calcareous shell;
Relatively smaller	Relatively larger
Shell membrane absent	Shell membrane absent
Presence of black part	No black part
Eggs are laid in chains	Eggs are laid in single piece
Many/numerous eggs	One egg at a time
Transparent	Opaque
Airspace absent	Airspace present
Yolk not suspended in chalaza	Yolk suspended in chalaza

d.

Organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle	One role of organism
Animal	Excrete nitrogenous compounds,Eat proteins in plant,Die,decay to form ammonium compound;
Plant	Absorbs nitrate from soil/Die/decay to form ammonium compound;
Putrefying bacteria	break down dead plants and animals
Azotobacter	Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate
Rhizobium	Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates
Nitrobacter	Converts nitrites to nitrate.
Nitrosomonas	Converts ammonium compounds to nitrites.
Pseudomonas	converts amino compounds to ammonium compounds

e.

Two modes of heterotrophic nutrition	Two examples of organisms that can carry out mode of nutrition
Holozoic	Human,domestic fowl,dog,cat,goat,sheep,cow,snake,lion,rabbit,amoeba
Parasitic	lice, tick,tapeworm,liverfluke,guinea worm,hookworm.
Saprophytic	fungi,mushroom,soil bacteria,yeast,rhizopus,mucor.

Answer Details

ai. Organs with sensory receptors; that detect changes from the environment;and relay the impulses to the nervous system;for interpretation and appropriate response sent to the effector organ.

ii. -Tongue;
-Nose;
-Skin;

bi.

-Agama lizard/lizard;
-Leopard/tiger;
-Jaguar;
-Lion;
-Monkey;
-Chimpanzee/baboon;
-Dog;
-Cat;
-Male Tilapia.

ii.

-Termite;
-Human;
-Gibbon;
-Domestic fowl/duck/pigeon;
-Fish;
-Spider;- monkey,- toad;

ci. Both have
-yolk;
-embryo;
-vitelline membrane

cii.

Eggs of toads	Eggs of birds
Surrounded by jelly coat	surrounded by calcareous shell;
Relatively smaller	Relatively larger
Shell membrane absent	Shell membrane absent
Presence of black part	No black part
Eggs are laid in chains	Eggs are laid in single piece
Many/numerous eggs	One egg at a time
Transparent	Opaque
Airspace absent	Airspace present
Yolk not suspended in chalaza	Yolk suspended in chalaza

d.

Organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle	One role of organism
Animal	Excrete nitrogenous compounds,Eat proteins in plant,Die,decay to form ammonium compound;
Plant	Absorbs nitrate from soil/Die/decay to form ammonium compound;
Putrefying bacteria	break down dead plants and animals
Azotobacter	Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate
Rhizobium	Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates
Nitrobacter	Converts nitrites to nitrate.
Nitrosomonas	Converts ammonium compounds to nitrites.
Pseudomonas	converts amino compounds to ammonium compounds

e.

Two modes of heterotrophic nutrition	Two examples of organisms that can carry out mode of nutrition
Holozoic	Human,domestic fowl,dog,cat,goat,sheep,cow,snake,lion,rabbit,amoeba
Parasitic	lice, tick,tapeworm,liverfluke,guinea worm,hookworm.
Saprophytic	fungi,mushroom,soil bacteria,yeast,rhizopus,mucor.

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Question 3 Report

a.What is classification of living things?

b. State four ways each by which the following groups of organisms are of economic importance in their habitats:
i) fungi ii) plants.

c. complete the table below by stating five major phyla of the kingdom Animalia and give one example of each

Phyla of kingdom Animalia

Example

Answer

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phyla of Kingdom Animalia	Examples
Porifera	Sponges,venus flower basket
Cnidaria/coelenterata	Hydra,obelia,sea anemone,jelly fish,aurelia,coral
Platyhelminthes	Liverfluke,tapeworm,schistosoma,planaria
Nematoda	Whipworm,ascaris,guinea worm,hookworm,wucheria
Annelida	Marine worm, leech,earthworm,lugworm,seaworm,bobbit worm, fireworm.
Mollusca	Snail, bivalve,slug,octopus,clam,oyster,squid
Arthropoda	Scorpion,spider,butterfly,housefly,cockroach,crab,crayfish,grasshopper,centipede,millipede,ant.
Echinodermata	Starfish,sea lily, sea urchin,sea cucumber,brittle star,sea star.
Chordata	Fish,frog,bird,man,cat,tiger,lion,dog,salamander,alligator,snake,giraffe

phyla of Kingdom Animalia	Examples
Porifera	Sponges,venus flower basket
Cnidaria/coelenterata	Hydra,obelia,sea anemone,jelly fish,aurelia,coral
Platyhelminthes	Liverfluke,tapeworm,schistosoma,planaria
Nematoda	Whipworm,ascaris,guinea worm,hookworm,wucheria
Annelida	Marine worm, leech,earthworm,lugworm,seaworm,bobbit worm, fireworm.
Mollusca	Snail, bivalve,slug,octopus,clam,oyster,squid
Arthropoda	Scorpion,spider,butterfly,housefly,cockroach,crab,crayfish,grasshopper,centipede,millipede,ant.
Echinodermata	Starfish,sea lily, sea urchin,sea cucumber,brittle star,sea star.
Chordata	Fish,frog,bird,man,cat,tiger,lion,dog,salamander,alligator,snake,giraffe






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