WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2019 (Practical)

(a) Two uses of specimen D (tincture of iodine) in animal production

• Treatment and dressing of wounds after castration, navel cutting or minor bruises.
• Sterilising the body surface before injection or surgery (also used as a disinfectant/antiseptic).

(b) Four activities that require the use of specimen E (hand gloves) in animal production

• Drenching of animals.
• Castration.
• Slaughtering and dressing of carcass.
• Handling of chemicals such as disinfectants (also vaccination, parturition and disposal of dead animals).

(c)(i) Three precautions when using specimen F (razor blade) for castration in pigs

• Sterilise the blade before use to avoid infection.
• Restrain the pig properly and ensure the blade is sharp.
• Let a skilful person do the cutting, wearing hand gloves, to reduce blood loss and disease transmission.

(d) Three tools that could be used in place of specimen F (razor blade) for castration

• Burdizzo.
• Emasculator.
• Elastrator (rubber ring) (also a knife or scalpel).

(a) Three stages in the life cycle of specimen G (Liver fluke)

1. Miracidium (larva that hatches from the egg and enters the snail host).
2. Cercaria (larva that leaves the snail).
3. Metacercaria/adult fluke (encysts on herbage, is eaten, and matures in the liver).

(b) Four effects of specimen G on farm animals

• Damages the liver, causing liver rot (fascioliasis).
• Causes anaemia and general weakness.
• Causes emaciation and loss of condition, with swelling under the jaw (bottle jaw).
• Reduces productivity and may lead to death.

(c) Three ways of controlling specimen G on farm animals

• Control or eradicate the snail intermediate host.
• Drain marshy areas and avoid grazing on wet, swampy pastures.
• Deworm the animals regularly with a suitable flukicide.

(d) Specimen H (Tapeworm) - to be drawn and labelled

The drawing should show the head (scolex) bearing suckers/hooks, the neck, and the long chain of body segments (proglottids).

(a)(i) Two products obtainable from specimen K (fresh milk)

• Butter.
• Cheese (also yoghurt, ice cream, condensed and powdered milk).

(a)(ii) Method of making specimen K wholesome for human consumption

Pasteurisation (also boiling/sterilisation).

(b)(i) Two functions of specimen L (gizzard) in farm animals

• Grinding of feed into fine particles.
• Mixing and churning of feed.

(b)(ii) Two features of specimen L (gizzard) that enable it to perform its functions

• Thick, muscular walls.
• Presence of stones/grits/gastroliths and a tough koilin (rough) lining.

(c) Two ways of preserving specimen M (meat)

• Refrigeration or freezing.
• Salting (also smoking, drying or canning).

(d) Responses of chicks to specimen N (brooder heat source)

• (i) Excessive heat: the chicks move away from the heat source to the edges of the brooder, pant and take in more water, and eat less.
• (ii) Insufficient heat: the chicks crowd and huddle close together under the heat source, pile on one another and may suffocate.
• (iii) Optimum heat: the chicks spread out evenly over the brooder floor, are active and feed and drink normally.

(a)(i) Major nutrient supplied by specimen A (Fish meal)

Protein (fish meal is a rich source of animal protein; it also supplies some minerals such as calcium and phosphorus).

(ii) Four functions of the nutrient (protein) in the animal diet

• Builds new body tissues and promotes growth.
• Repairs worn-out tissues.
• Is used for the production of eggs, meat and milk.
• Forms enzymes, hormones and antibodies (and can serve as a source of energy).

(iii) Three feed stuffs that could be used in place of specimen A

• Groundnut cake.
• Soya bean meal.
• Blood meal (or meat meal).

(b) Four reasons for keeping specimen B (Chicken)

• Source of meat for food.
• Source of eggs.
• Source of income to the farmer.
• Source of manure (and feathers) and provides employment.

(c) Three management practices during the rearing of chicken

• Brooding of the day-old chicks to keep them warm.
• Vaccination and general disease control.
• Balanced feeding and provision of clean water (also debeaking to prevent cannibalism).