JAMB UTME - Geography - 2021
Question 1 Report
The best solution to the rapid depletion of forest resources in West Africa is to
Answer Details
The best solution to the rapid depletion of forest resources in West Africa is to introduce forest conservation techniques. This approach involves implementing sustainable practices that protect the natural environment and enable communities to benefit from the forest resources without damaging them. It includes measures such as reducing deforestation, promoting reforestation, and enforcing laws against illegal logging and other harmful activities.
Reserving hectares of land for plantations may not be a sustainable solution, as it can lead to monoculture and may not provide the same benefits as natural forests. Importing wood from other countries may exacerbate the problem, as it encourages overconsumption and does not address the underlying issues of deforestation. Employing more forest guards can help deter illegal activities, but it may not be enough without also implementing conservation techniques.
Therefore, implementing forest conservation techniques is the best solution as it promotes the sustainable use of forest resources while protecting the natural environment and supporting local communities.
Question 2 Report
Use the map below to answer this question above
What is the feature labelled K on the map is
Answer Details
Question 3 Report
Which of the following is a sedimentary rock.
Answer Details
Shale is a sedimentary rock.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sediment, such as dead plants and animals, sand, or mud, that have been compacted and cemented together over time. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compression of clay and silt. It is usually dark in color and can be easily split into thin layers.
Marble, on the other hand, is a metamorphic rock, which means it was formed from the alteration of an existing rock, often through heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It is a dense, crystalline rock that is prized for its beauty and used in construction and sculpture.
Graphite is a naturally occurring form of carbon and is not a rock.
Schist is a metamorphic rock that forms from the alteration of existing rocks, often through heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It is characterized by its foliated texture, with flat, sheet-like minerals that are aligned in a particular direction.
Question 4 Report
Which of the following is a way of controlling soil erosion
Answer Details
Contour ploughing is a way of controlling soil erosion.
Soil erosion is the process of the removal of topsoil by agents such as wind or water. When the topsoil is removed, it leads to the loss of important nutrients and organic matter that are necessary for plant growth. Soil erosion also leads to the degradation of the soil structure, making it difficult for plants to grow.
Contour ploughing involves ploughing furrows along the contours of a slope rather than up and down. This helps to slow down the runoff of water and reduce soil erosion. By ploughing along the contour, the furrows act as a barrier that traps water and allows it to soak into the soil. This helps to improve the water-holding capacity of the soil, which is essential for plant growth.
In summary, contour ploughing is an effective way of controlling soil erosion because it helps to slow down the runoff of water and reduce soil loss.
Question 5 Report
Which of the following tourist centres is wrongly paired?
Answer Details
The tourist center that is wrongly paired in the given options is "Eiffel Tower - Germany." The correct country for the Eiffel Tower is France, not Germany.
The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is one of the most recognizable structures in the world and is a symbol of Paris and France. It was constructed between 1887 and 1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, and it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most visited tourist attractions in the world.
Therefore, the correct pairing for the Eiffel Tower is France, not Germany.
Question 6 Report
On maps, lines drawn to join all places in the ocean having equal degree of salinity are called
Answer Details
On maps, lines drawn to join all places in the ocean having equal degree of salinity are called isohalines. Isohalines are similar to contour lines on topographic maps that join all points of equal elevation. However, instead of elevation, isohalines connect all points on a map that have the same salinity in the ocean.
Ocean salinity is a measure of the amount of salt dissolved in a given amount of seawater. The salinity of ocean water varies depending on several factors, such as temperature, evaporation, and precipitation. By drawing isohalines on maps, scientists can visualize the patterns of salinity distribution in the ocean and study how it changes over time. The term "isohaline" comes from the Greek word "iso" meaning equal and "haline" meaning salt, so it literally means "equal salt."
Question 7 Report
One of the following surveying instruments is used to set out lines at right angles to the main chain line
Answer Details
The surveying instrument used to set out lines at right angles to the main chain line is an optical square.
An optical square is a simple, yet precise surveying instrument that consists of two mirrors that are set at exactly 90 degrees to each other. It is used to establish perpendicular lines or right angles to the main chain line during the surveying process. The instrument is set up by placing it on the ground with one mirror facing down the main chain line and the other mirror facing at right angles to the main chain line.
To use the optical square, a surveyor would first set up the main chain line using a steel band or another measuring instrument. Once the main chain line has been established, the optical square is set up and aligned with the main chain line. The mirror facing down the main chain line reflects the view of the surveyor along the line, while the other mirror reflects the view at right angles to the main chain line. This allows the surveyor to set out lines at right angles to the main chain line with a high degree of accuracy.
In summary, the optical square is a surveying instrument used to set out lines at right angles to the main chain line by reflecting views along the main chain line and at right angles to it.
Question 8 Report
These are landforms producing agent except
Answer Details
Out of the given options, storms are not a landform producing agent.
Landforms are natural features on the Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, and plains, that are created over long periods of time through the actions of various agents. These agents include natural forces such as water, wind, ice, and gravity.
Waves, rivers, and glaciers are all agents that can shape the Earth's surface over time. Waves can erode coastlines and create features like sea cliffs and sea caves. Rivers can carve out valleys and canyons through erosion and transport sediment downstream. Glaciers can also erode and transport sediment, as well as create features such as moraines and U-shaped valleys.
On the other hand, storms are not an agent that shapes the Earth's surface in a significant way. Storms are short-lived weather events that can cause erosion and deposition in some areas, but they are not powerful enough to create significant landforms on their own. However, storms can interact with other landforming agents like rivers and waves, exacerbating their effects and creating more dramatic changes to the landscape.
Question 9 Report
Sparse population in the middle belt of Nigeria can not be attributed to
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Question 11 Report
_______ is the condition of the lower atmosphere of a place over a short period
Answer Details
The condition of the lower atmosphere of a place over a short period is called weather. Weather describes the day-to-day atmospheric conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity that occur in a specific location at a particular time. It can change rapidly and varies from place to place, even within the same region. In contrast, climate refers to the long-term average weather conditions of a region, including factors such as temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure, over a period of many years.
Question 12 Report
Kossou Dam is located on River
Answer Details
Kossou Dam is located on the Bandama River.
The Bandama River is a major river in Ivory Coast, located in West Africa. The Kossou Dam is one of the largest dams on this river, and it is an important source of hydroelectric power for the country. The dam was built in the 1960s and is located about 60 kilometers north of the city of Yamoussoukro.
The Bandama River is approximately 800 kilometers long and is the longest river entirely within Ivory Coast. It is an important source of water for irrigation and other agricultural activities, and it is also an important transportation route for goods and people.
The Kossou Dam was built to harness the power of the Bandama River and generate electricity for the country. The dam has a capacity of 174 megawatts and is able to supply power to much of the country. In addition to generating electricity, the dam also helps to control flooding in the area and provides water for irrigation and other purposes.
In summary, the Kossou Dam is located on the Bandama River in Ivory Coast. The Bandama River is an important source of water for irrigation and transportation, and the dam is an important source of hydroelectric power for the country.
Question 13 Report
________is the failure of the end point of a closed traverse to fall exactly on the point of origin of the transverse
Question 14 Report
The following are the importance of highland in Nigeria except
Answer Details
The importance of highlands in Nigeria does not include being a source of minerals.
Highlands are elevated areas of land that are generally located at higher altitudes than the surrounding areas. In Nigeria, there are several highland areas, including the Jos Plateau and the Mambilla Plateau. These highlands have several important features and benefits.
One of the key benefits of highlands is that they occupy good land that is suitable for agriculture. The higher altitudes often mean cooler temperatures, which can be beneficial for certain crops. Additionally, the soil in highland areas may be richer and more fertile, which can result in higher crop yields.
Highlands can also serve as settlement sites, as they are often more defensible than lowland areas. Historically, many highland areas in Nigeria have been used as sites for forts and other defensive structures.
Another important feature of highlands is that they are often the source of rivers. The high elevations allow for the accumulation of water, which can then flow downhill and form rivers and other bodies of water. These rivers can be important sources of water for irrigation, as well as for domestic and industrial use.
While highlands may contain minerals, they are not typically a major source of mineral resources in Nigeria. Mineral resources in Nigeria are more commonly found in other areas, such as the Niger Delta and the Jos Plateau.
In summary, highlands in Nigeria are important for their suitability for agriculture, their historical use as settlement sites, and their role as sources of rivers. While they may contain minerals, this is not typically their primary importance.
Question 16 Report
Which of the following processes leads to the loss of carbon from the air
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Question 17 Report
In the desert region the most prominent agent of erosion is
Answer Details
In the desert region, the most prominent agent of erosion is wind. The wind in the desert can pick up sand and other loose materials and carry them across the landscape, which can cause erosion over time.
As the wind blows across the desert, it can pick up loose sand and other sediments and transport them from one location to another. This process, known as "deflation," can cause the erosion of the desert surface over time. In addition, the wind can also cause abrasion, which occurs when sand particles are carried by the wind and collide with other surfaces, such as rocks or other sediments. This can wear away the surface of the rocks or other materials over time, leading to erosion.
Overall, wind erosion is a very important process in the desert environment and plays a significant role in shaping the landscape over time.
Question 18 Report
Use the map below to answer this question above
The feature marked Y on the map is?
Answer Details
Question 19 Report
Cement factory is usually located near
Answer Details
Cement factories are usually located near sources of raw materials. Raw materials such as limestone, clay, shale, and other minerals are used to produce cement. These materials are usually found in abundance in certain geological formations or deposits.
Transporting these raw materials over long distances can be costly and time-consuming, so it makes sense for cement factories to be located as close as possible to the sources of these materials. This helps to keep production costs low and ensures a steady supply of raw materials for the factory.
Additionally, being close to the raw materials can also help to reduce the environmental impact of the factory. If the raw materials have to be transported over long distances, this can lead to increased emissions from transportation vehicles, which can contribute to air pollution and climate change.
Therefore, to ensure the efficient and sustainable production of cement, it is common for cement factories to be located near sources of raw materials.
Question 20 Report
Nigeria is located between longitudes
Answer Details
Nigeria is located between longitudes 3°E and 15°E. Longitude is a measure of distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, which is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. The Prime Meridian has a longitude of 0°, and all other longitudes are measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian.
Nigeria is located in West Africa, and its easternmost point is about 3°E, while its westernmost point is about 15°E. Therefore, Nigeria is located between longitudes 3°E and 15°E.
Question 21 Report
In a combined maximum and minimum thermometer, the difference between the hottest and coldest daily temperature for that day gives the
Answer Details
The difference between the hottest and coldest daily temperature for a particular day is called the diurnal range of temperature.
A combined maximum and minimum thermometer records both the highest and lowest temperatures that occur during a given period, typically a day. The highest temperature recorded is the maximum daily temperature, and the lowest temperature recorded is the minimum daily temperature.
The diurnal range of temperature is the difference between these two values, indicating how much the temperature fluctuated over the course of the day. For example, if the highest temperature recorded was 30 degrees Celsius and the lowest temperature recorded was 15 degrees Celsius, then the diurnal range of temperature for that day would be 15 degrees Celsius.
Question 22 Report
In Nigeria, which of the following vegetation zones is best known for timber exploitation?
Answer Details
The vegetation zone in Nigeria that is best known for timber exploitation is the rain forest.
The rain forest is a vegetation zone characterized by a dense growth of tall trees and high rainfall, which is conducive to the growth of large trees suitable for timber production. This type of vegetation is found in the southern part of Nigeria, particularly in states such as Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Rivers, and Delta.
In these areas, there are many timber companies that engage in the logging and processing of timber from the rain forest. The timber industry is an important sector of the Nigerian economy, as timber is used for a variety of purposes such as construction, furniture making, and paper production.
However, it is important to note that unsustainable logging practices can lead to deforestation and habitat loss, which can have negative impacts on biodiversity and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is important to ensure that logging activities are carried out in a sustainable manner, with measures taken to preserve the forest and its biodiversity for future generations.
Question 23 Report
Which of the following rocks is organically formed?
Answer Details
Coal is the rock that is organically formed.
Coal is formed from the remains of ancient plants and trees that died millions of years ago. Over time, these organic materials were buried under layers of sediment and rock, which subjected them to intense pressure and high temperatures. This process caused the organic matter to transform into coal, a black or brown rock that is primarily composed of carbon.
In contrast, Gypsum, Grit, and Shale are all rocks that are formed through inorganic processes. Gypsum is formed from the evaporation of saline water, grit is a sandstone that is formed from the accumulation of sand particles, and shale is formed from the accumulation of mud and silt.
In summary, coal is the only rock that is formed through organic processes, while gypsum, grit, and shale are formed through inorganic processes.
Question 24 Report
An example of a coastline of emergence is
Answer Details
An example of a coastline of emergence is a raised beach.
A coastline of emergence refers to a type of coastline that is formed when the land is rising relative to the sea level. This can be caused by tectonic activity or changes in the level of the land due to the melting of glaciers.
When the land rises, the sea level falls, which exposes the previously submerged shoreline. This results in the formation of a raised beach, which is a distinctive feature of a coastline of emergence. A raised beach is a beach that is located above the current sea level, and it is typically characterized by a flat or gently sloping surface.
Other features of a coastline of emergence may include sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, and marine terraces. These features are formed by the erosion of the land by the sea when it was at a higher level, followed by the uplift of the land.
An example of a coastline of emergence can be found along the coast of Norway. The Norwegian coastline has experienced significant uplift due to tectonic activity, which has resulted in the formation of raised beaches, sea cliffs, and marine terraces.
In summary, a coastline of emergence is a type of coastline that is formed when the land rises relative to the sea level. One of the distinctive features of this type of coastline is a raised beach, which is a beach that is located above the current sea level. An example of a coastline of emergence can be found along the coast of Norway.
Question 25 Report
Which of the following statements is true of the North Atlantic Sea route?
Answer Details
Question 27 Report
_______ is defined as the total surrounding or medium of any organism in a given area
Answer Details
The term that is defined as the total surrounding or medium of any organism in a given area is "environment". Environment refers to the sum total of all biotic and abiotic factors that affect an organism in a given area.
Biotic components refer to all living organisms in an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. Abiotic components, on the other hand, refer to all non-living factors, such as water, air, sunlight, temperature, soil, and minerals, that affect living organisms.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms, along with their non-living environment, that interact with each other. Therefore, an ecosystem is made up of both biotic and abiotic components, and it is a specific unit of the environment that can be studied as a distinct entity.
Question 28 Report
Which of the following is an effect of the earth's revolution?
Answer Details
One effect of the earth's revolution is that it determines a year. The earth takes approximately 365.24 days to complete one orbit around the sun, which is known as a year. As the earth moves around the sun, it also causes changes in the amount of sunlight that different parts of the planet receive, which in turn affects the seasons. The tilt of the earth's axis also plays a role in determining the seasons. As the earth moves in its orbit, different parts of the planet are tilted towards or away from the sun, which causes the variations in the amount of daylight and darkness we experience throughout the year. Therefore, while day and night, dawn and twilight, and apparent sunrise and sunset are also effects of the earth's rotation, the revolution primarily determines a year.
Question 29 Report
The dam which is not used in the gezira is the
Answer Details
None of the options provided, including A swan, are a dam in the Gezira region of Sudan. However, among the major dams in Sudan, the one that is not located in Gezira is the Jebel Azulia Dam. This dam is located on the Blue Nile in the Northern state of Sudan, about 25 kilometers north of the capital city of Khartoum.
The Gezira region of Sudan is known for its large irrigation scheme, which utilizes water from the Blue Nile to cultivate various crops. The region has two major dams that are used for irrigation, namely the Sennar and Roseires dams. Therefore, if the question specifically refers to dams in the Gezira region, the answer would be either Sennar or Roseires.
Question 30 Report
___________ is a layer of very fine wind-deposited sand and silt?
Answer Details
Loess is a layer of very fine wind-deposited sand and silt. It is created when wind carries small particles of sediment, such as sand and silt, from one place to another and deposits them in a layer. Loess is usually found in areas with strong winds, such as the prairies of North America, the steppes of Asia, and the deserts of Africa. This type of soil is fertile and is often used for agriculture.
Question 31 Report
A line joining all points of equal salinity is an
Answer Details
A line joining all points of equal salinity is an isohaline.
In simpler terms, salinity refers to the amount of salt in water, and an isohaline is a line on a map that connects all the points in a body of water that have the same level of salinity. So, if you were to take a water sample at each point along an isohaline, you would find that they all have the same amount of salt in them.
Isohalines are important in oceanography and marine biology because changes in salinity can affect the behavior and distribution of marine organisms, as well as ocean currents and other physical processes.
Question 32 Report
The human activity that can improve composition of the atmosphere is
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Question 33 Report
The following are responsible for the concentration of industries in eastern United States of America except
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The option that is not responsible for the concentration of industries in eastern United States of America is "inadequate capital".
The concentration of industries in eastern United States is due to the availability of two important factors: a large market and abundant natural resources. The eastern region of the US has a large population that provides a ready market for industrial products. Additionally, the region has numerous natural resources such as coal, iron ore, and waterways that are necessary for industrial production.
High technology can also contribute to the concentration of industries in eastern United States as it attracts skilled labor and supports innovation. However, it is not the primary factor responsible for the concentration of industries in the region.
On the other hand, inadequate capital would hinder industrial growth and development. Therefore, it cannot be responsible for the concentration of industries in eastern United States.
Question 34 Report
The function performed by urban to the rural settlement in supply of
Answer Details
Urban settlements often supply manufactured goods to rural settlements.
Manufactured goods are products that are made using raw materials and processes that transform these materials into finished products. Urban areas often have a higher concentration of factories and industries that produce these manufactured goods, which are then supplied to rural areas. This allows rural residents to access products that they may not be able to produce themselves, such as electronics, household appliances, and other consumer goods. By supplying these goods, urban settlements play an important role in supporting the economic development of rural areas.
Question 35 Report
What is the process of lowering and levelling of the earth surface by gradual breaking and wearing away of such earth's surfaces.
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Question 36 Report
An important mineral deposit in south Africa which has attracted a large number of white settler is
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Question 37 Report
The following are seaports used in the North Atlantic sea route except
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Question 38 Report
A device for transferring information from analogue map into computer for further manipulation is
Answer Details
A device for transferring information from an analogue map into a computer for further manipulation is called a Digitizer.
A digitizer is a piece of hardware that is used to convert analogue information into a digital format that can be read and manipulated by a computer. In the case of maps, a digitizer is used to trace the features on a paper map and convert them into a digital format, such as a shapefile or a georeferenced image. This allows the information on the map to be easily manipulated, stored, and analyzed using computer software.
An aerial photograph is a type of image that is taken from the air, often from an airplane or drone, and is used to capture information about the land and features on the ground.
A global positioning system (GPS) is a network of satellites and receivers that is used to determine the location, speed, and direction of an object on the Earth's surface.
A plotter is a type of printer that is used to produce large-format images, such as maps, technical drawings, and architectural plans.
Question 40 Report
Which of the following towns is not a precolonial town
Answer Details
Enugu is not a precolonial town.
Precolonial refers to the time period before the colonization of a particular area or region by European powers. In Nigeria, many towns and cities existed before the arrival of the Europeans, and these are referred to as precolonial towns.
Ilorin, Bida, and Ibadan are all precolonial towns in Nigeria. They existed as independent kingdoms and city-states with their own unique cultures, traditions, and forms of governance long before the arrival of the Europeans.
Enugu, on the other hand, was not a precolonial town. The town was founded in the early 20th century by the British colonial authorities as a coal mining settlement. While there were some settlements and villages in the area before the arrival of the British, Enugu did not exist as a town or city with a defined political and social structure until it was established by the colonial authorities.
