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Question 1 Report
Me yasa Amina ta ki komawa makaranta bayan hutu?
Wannan tambaya tana game da dalilin da ya sa Amina ta ƙi komawa makaranta bayan hutu. A cikin labarun da ke tattauna ƙalubalen ilimi a Nijeriya, ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsaloli da 'yan mata ke fuskanta shi ne rashin kuɗin makaranta.
Amsar ita ce saboda ba ta da kuɗin komawa. Wannan dalili ne da ya fi dacewa da gaskiyar yau da kullum a al'ummomin Hausawa da Nijeriya gaba ɗaya, inda talauci ke hana yara musamman 'yan mata ci gaba da karatunsu. Kuɗin da ake buƙata na makaranta ya haɗa da:
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ba su da ƙarfin hujja iri ɗaya: "tana da aiki a gida" ba ya zama babban dalili na barin makaranta gaba ɗaya; "ta yi fushi da malamai" ba dalili ne na yau da kullum ba; "ta samu sabon aiki" kuma ba ya dacewa da ɗalibar da ke ƙoƙarin komawa makaranta.
Question 2 Report
Wane nau'i ne kalmar *karatu* take a jumla: *Ina son karatu sosai *?
Tambayar tana gwada fahimtar nau'ikan kalmomi (word classes) a nahawun Hausa. Jumlar da aka bayar ita ce: "Ina son karatu sosai."
Don gano nau'in kalmar karatu, muna buƙatar nazarin aikinta a cikin jumlar:
Don haka, kalmar karatu a cikin wannan jimla tana aiki a matsayin suna (noun). Ko da yake "karatu" ya fito daga fi'ilin "karanta" (to read), a cikin wannan jumla yana aiki ne a matsayin sunan abu da ake yi, ba fi'ili ba.
Question 3 Report
Su_______zuwa kasuwa." Wace kalma ta dace?
A nahawun Hausa, akwai alamomi daban-daban da ake sanyawa tsakanin wakilin suna da fi'ili don nuna siga (tense/aspect). Ga wakilin suna "su" (they/3rd person plural):
Jimlar "Su_______zuwa kasuwa" tana nuna aiki na al'ada - wato abu ne da ake yi a kullum ko a kai a kai. Alamar al'ada (habitual aspect marker) a Hausa ita ce "kan".
"Sukan zuwa kasuwa" = "They usually go to the market" - tana nuna aikin da aka saba yi.
A jarrabawa, ka tuna cewa "kan" ita ce alamar da ke nuna abin da ake yi a al'ada ko a kullum.
Question 4 Report
Wane jigo ne mafi rinjaye a cikin littafin 'Ruwan Bagaja' na Abubakar Imam?
Ruwan Bagaja littafi ne na Hausa da Abubakar Imam ya rubuta a shekarar 1934. Shi ne ɗaya daga cikin littattafan farko da aka rubuta a Hausa, kuma ya lashe gasar rubutu da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta shirya.
Babban jigon littafin shi ne neman magani. Labarin ya shafi tafiyar jarumi wanda aka aika shi ya je ya nemo "Ruwan Bagaja" - wani ruwan magani mai ban mamaki da ake cewa yana warkar da kowace irin cuta. A cikin tafiyarsa, jarumi ya fuskanci ƙalubale da abubuwan ban mamaki da yawa.
Ko da yake labarin yana ɗauke da wasu jigogi kamar ƙarfin hali da juriya, babban abin da ke tafiyar da labarin daga farko zuwa ƙarshe shi ne neman wannan magani na musamman. Duk abubuwan da suka faru a cikin littafin sun ta'allaƙa ne da wannan manufa ta neman magani.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ba su dace ba: labarin ba game da fushin iyaye ba ne, ba harkar kasuwanci ba, kuma ba soyayya ba ce babban jigonsa.
Question 5 Report
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Karanta wannan bangare na labari sosai kafin ka amsa tambayoyin daga 1 zuwa 5:
"A lokacin da Nasiru ya baro kauyen su zuwa birni domin neman ilimi, bai san cewa rayuwa za ta sauya masa ba. A kauye, Nasiru
ya saba da zaman lafiya da taimakon juna. Amma a birni, ya gamu da sabani iri-iri. A kwana na farko a makarantar kwana, aka
sace masa jakar tufafi. Wannan ya sa ya zauna cikin damuwa har ya kasa fita zuwa aji. Malam Isyaku, shugaban dalibai, ne ya
lura da halin da Nasiru ke ciki. Ya kira shi, ya ji labarinsa, sannan ya ba shi sabbin kaya da littattafai. Wannan kyakkyawan aiki
ya karfafa Nasiru har ya fara samun sabbin abokai. Bayan shekara uku, Nasiru ya kammala karatu cikin girmamawa, ya kuma
dawo kauyensu don ya kafa makaranta ta kansa."
Ta yaya Malam Isyaku ya taimaki Nasiru?
Labarin ya bayyana a sarari yadda Malam Isyaku (shugaban dalibai) ya taimaki Nasiru. A cewar labarin: "Ya kira shi, ya ji labarinsa, sannan ya ba shi sabbin kaya da littattafai."
Malam Isyaku ya yi abubuwa uku:
Wannan kyakkyawan aiki ne da ya karfafa Nasiru har ya fara samun sabbin abokai kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa.
Sauran zabubbukan ba su dace ba: labarin bai ce ya kai shi asibiti ba, bai ba shi kudin mota ba, kuma bai fitar da shi daga makaranta ba - a'a, ya taimaka masa ya ci gaba da zama a makaranta.
Question 6 Report
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Karanta wannan bangare na labari sosai kafin ka amsa tambayoyin daga 1 zuwa 5:
"A lokacin da Nasiru ya baro kauyen su zuwa birni domin neman ilimi, bai san cewa rayuwa za ta sauya masa ba. A kauye, Nasiru
ya saba da zaman lafiya da taimakon juna. Amma a birni, ya gamu da sabani iri-iri. A kwana na farko a makarantar kwana, aka
sace masa jakar tufafi. Wannan ya sa ya zauna cikin damuwa har ya kasa fita zuwa aji. Malam Isyaku, shugaban dalibai, ne ya
lura da halin da Nasiru ke ciki. Ya kira shi, ya ji labarinsa, sannan ya ba shi sabbin kaya da littattafai. Wannan kyakkyawan aiki
ya karfafa Nasiru har ya fara samun sabbin abokai. Bayan shekara uku, Nasiru ya kammala karatu cikin girmamawa, ya kuma
dawo kauyensu don ya kafa makaranta ta kansa."
Me ya sa Nasiru ya bar kauyensu?
Labarin ya bayyana a sarari dalilin da ya sa Nasiru ya bar kauyensu. A farkon labarin, an ce: "A lokacin da Nasiru ya baro kauyen su zuwa birni domin neman ilimi."
Wannan jimla ta nuna kai tsaye cewa Nasiru ya bar kauyensu ne domin neman ilimi - ya tafi birni ne don ya yi karatu a makaranta. Ba don neman kudi ba, ba don samun lafiya ba, kuma ba don ya je kasuwa ba.
Labarin ya kara tabbatar da wannan lokacin da ya ambaci cewa ya shiga makarantar kwana (boarding school), kuma a karshe ya kammala karatu cikin girmamawa. Duk wannan yana nuna cewa manufar tafiyarsa ita ce neman ilimi.
Question 7 Report
Menene manufar tatsuniya a al'adar Hausawa?
Tatsuniya wani muhimmin bangare ne na al'adar Hausawa. Tana da manufofi da yawa, amma babbar manufarta ita ce koyar da dabi'a - wato tarbiyyar yara da koya musu kyawawan halaye, gaskiya, biyayya, da haƙuri.
Ko da yake tatsuniya tana da nishaɗi a cikinta, ba nishaɗi kaɗai ba ne manufarta. Tatsuniya tana amfani da labari mai daɗi don jan hankalin masu sauraro, musamman yara, sannan ta koya musu darasi game da rayuwa da ɗabi'a. Misali, tatsuniyar da ke nuna yadda maƙaryaci ya sha wahala a ƙarshe tana koyar da muhimmancin gaskiya.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ba su dace ba kwata-kwata: ƙarfafa ƙarya da koya lalaci duk abubuwa ne marasa kyau waɗanda tatsuniya take ƙoƙarin yaƙi, ba ƙarfafawa ba.
Question 8 Report
Wa ne ya taka rawa wajen kirkira tsarin rubutun Hausa na zamani?
Tsarin rubutun Hausa na zamani (wanda ake kira "boko") wanda ke amfani da haruffan Latin (ABC) an kirkiro shi ne ta hanyar mishinoni na Biritaniya (British missionaries) a lokacin mulkin mallaka.
Kafin zuwan boko, Hausawa sun riga suna da tsarin rubutunsu na "ajami" wanda ke amfani da haruffan Larabci. Amma a karni na 19 zuwa farkon karni na 20, mishinoni na Biritaniya sun fara amfani da haruffan Latin don rubuta harshen Hausa a cikin aikin mishan nasu. Sun yi haka ne don saukaka karatun Littafi Mai Tsarki da sauran litattafan ilimi ga Hausawa.
Ko da yake malaman Larabci sun kirkiro tsarin ajami, tambayar tana magana ne a kan tsarin zamani (modern) - wato boko - wanda ke amfani da haruffan Latin. Wannan aikin mishinoni ne suka fara shi, musamman a makarantu da suka kafa a arewacin Nijeriya.
Question 9 Report
Kalmar *madalla* tana nufin:
Kalmar "madalla" a Hausa kalma ce da ake amfani da ita don yaba wa mutum ko nuna gamsuwa da aikin da ya yi. Tana nufin yabo - wato "ka yi kyau," "nagari," ko "ai ka yi aiki sosai."
Lokacin da ka ce wa mutum "madalla," kana yaba masa ne don wani abu mai kyau da ya yi. Misali: "Madalla, ka yi jarrabawa sosai" - wannan yabo ne ga nasarar da mutumin ya samu.
Bari mu dubi bambancin da ke tsakanin zabubbukan:
Question 10 Report
Wace kalma ce ke nuni da wurin da ake zuwa?
Tambayar tana neman kalmar da ke nuna wurin da ake zuwa, wato inda mutum zai je - makasudin tafiya (destination).
Daga cikin zabubbukan da aka bayar:
A nahawun Hausa, kalmomin wuri (sunayen wuri) su ne wadanda ke nuna inda mutum yake ko inda zai je. Kasuwa ita ce kadai kalma a cikin zabubbukan da ke nuna takamaiman wuri - wurin da ake zuwa.
Question 11 Report
Read the passage and answer questions below.
"Akwai wani yaro mai suna Umar, wanda ke zaune a garin Funtua. Umar na da sha'awar karatu sosai, musamman kimiyya. Duk da
cewa iyayensa ba su da karfi, suna dagewa wajen tallafa masa domin cimma burinsa. Kullum yana zuwa makaranta da wuri, yana
kuma taimaka wa malamansa. Ranar wata gasa ta kimiyya, Umar ya lashe kyauta ta farko. Wannan ya sa aka yaba masa a
makarantar gaba daya."
Me ya sa iyayen Umar ke goyon bayansa?
Tambayar tana neman dalilin da ya sa iyayen Umar ke goyon bayansa. A cikin nassin, an rubuta: "Duk da cewa iyayensa ba su da ƙarfi, suna dagewa wajen tallafa masa domin cimma burinsa." Kalmar "domin cimma burinsa" tana nuna cewa dalilin goyon bayansu shi ne son ganin ya ci gaba kuma ya cimma manufarsa a rayuwa.
Saboda suna so ya ci gaba ita ce amsar da ta dace. Iyayen Umar, ko da yake ba su da arziki ko ƙarfi, sun ci gaba da tallafa masa saboda suna son ya yi nasara a karatunsa da rayuwarsa.
"Don su ba shi aure" ba a ambata a cikin nassin - ba a tattauna batun aure ko kaɗan. "Saboda su malamai ne" ba daidai ba ne domin nassin bai faɗi cewa iyayensa malamai ne ba. "Saboda suna da arziƙi" ya saɓa wa abin da nassin ya faɗa kai tsaye - an nuna cewa "ba su da ƙarfi," wanda ke nufin ba su da wadata.
Question 12 Report
"Kada ka yi magana." Wane irin jimla ce wannan?
A nahawun Hausa, jimloli suna kasu zuwa nau'o'i daban-daban dangane da aikin da suke yi:
Jimlar "Kada ka yi magana" tana nuna hani - wato ana hana mutum yin magana. Kalmar "kada" ita ce kalmar hani a Hausa, kuma hani nau'i ne na umarni (umarni na korewa). Duk jimlar da ke ba da umarni ko hani ana kiranta jimlar umarni.
A jarrabawa, ka tuna cewa "kada" a farkon jimla yana nuna jimlar umarni (hani), ba jimlar bayani ko tambaya ba.
Question 13 Report
"Mu_____cin abinci."
A nahawun Hausa, kowane wakilin suna (pronoun) yana da alamar ci gaba (continuous/progressive marker) da ake sanyawa tsakanin wakilin suna da fi'ili (verb). Ga wakilin suna "mu" (mu = we/namu), alamar ci gaba ita ce na.
Misalai na alamomin ci gaba:
Saboda haka, jimlar da aka cika ta zama: "Muna cin abinci" - ma'ana "Muna cin abinci" (We are eating food). Kalmar "na" ita ce alamar ci gaba da ta dace da wakilin suna "mu" a cikin siga mai ci gaba (continuous tense).
Question 14 Report
Me ake kira "Rubutun Ajami"?
"Rubutun Ajami" shi ne tsarin rubuta harshen Hausa da haruffan Larabci (Arabic script). Kalmar "Ajami" ta fito daga Larabci, ma'anarta ita ce "wanda ba Balarabe ba" ko "bako." A tarihi, lokacin da musulunci ya bazu zuwa kasar Hausa, malaman addini sun fara amfani da haruffan Larabci wajen rubuta harshen Hausa, musamman don rubuce-rubuce na addini, wasiƙu, da tarihi.
Rubutun Ajami ya sha bamban da rubutun Larabci na asali saboda an daidaita shi don ya iya rubuta sautukan da ke cikin harshen Hausa amma ba sa cikin Larabci. Misali, an ƙara wasu alamomi don sautuka irin su "ts," "sh," da sauransu. Wannan tsari na rubutu ya kasance a yaɗu tun kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka da rubutun Boko (Latin script).
Saboda haka, Rubutun Larabci shine amsar da ta dace, domin Ajami a asali tsarin amfani da haruffan Larabci ne wajen rubuta harshen Hausa. Ba rubutun Faransanci ba, ba rubutun Yarbanci ba, kuma ba rubutun Turanci ba.
Question 15 Report
Wa ya rubuta Ruwan Bagaja?
Ruwan Bagaja daya ne daga cikin shahararrun litattafan Hausa na farko-farko. An rubuta shi kuma aka buga shi a shekara ta 1934. Marubucin shi ne Alhaji Abubakar Imam.
Alhaji Abubakar Imam (1911-1981) shi ne daya daga cikin fitattun marubuta na farko a adabin Hausa na zamani. Ruwan Bagaja labari ne na almara (fiction) wanda ke ba da labarin tafiye-tafiyen wani mutum mai neman ruwan bagaja - ruwan da ke da karfin warkar da dukkan cututtuka. Littafin ya lashe gasar rubutun NORLA (Northern Region Literature Agency) kuma ya zama daya daga cikin litattafan Hausa da suka fi shahara har yau.
Sauran marubutan da aka ambata:
Question 16 Report
Wace kalma ce ke aiki a matsayin 'sunan aiki' a cikin jimlar: 'Yaro ya gudu'?
Tambayar tana gwada fahimtar nau'ikan kalmomi a nahawun Hausa. Jimlar da aka bayar ita ce: "Yaro ya gudu." Ana neman kalmar da ke aiki a matsayin sunan aiki (verb).
"Sunan aiki" a nahawun Hausa shi ne kalmar da ke nuna abin da batun jimla (subject) yake yi - wato fi'ili (verb). Bari mu nazarci kowace kalma:
Don haka, gudu ita ce kalmar da ke aiki a matsayin sunan aiki a cikin jimlar, domin ita ce ke nuna aikin da batun jimla ya aiwatar.
Question 17 Report
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Karanta wannan bangare na labari sosai kafin ka amsa tambayoyin daga 1 zuwa 5:
"A lokacin da Nasiru ya baro kauyen su zuwa birni domin neman ilimi, bai san cewa rayuwa za ta sauya masa ba. A kauye, Nasiru
ya saba da zaman lafiya da taimakon juna. Amma a birni, ya gamu da sabani iri-iri. A kwana na farko a makarantar kwana, aka
sace masa jakar tufafi. Wannan ya sa ya zauna cikin damuwa har ya kasa fita zuwa aji. Malam Isyaku, shugaban dalibai, ne ya
lura da halin da Nasiru ke ciki. Ya kira shi, ya ji labarinsa, sannan ya ba shi sabbin kaya da littattafai. Wannan kyakkyawan aiki
ya karfafa Nasiru har ya fara samun sabbin abokai. Bayan shekara uku, Nasiru ya kammala karatu cikin girmamawa, ya kuma
dawo kauyensu don ya kafa makaranta ta kansa."
Me Nasiru ya yi bayan kammala karatu?
Labarin ya bayyana a karshe abin da Nasiru ya yi bayan kammala karatunsa. A cewar labarin: "Bayan shekara uku, Nasiru ya kammala karatu cikin girmamawa, ya kuma dawo kauyensu don ya kafa makaranta ta kansa."
Wannan yana nuna cewa bayan Nasiru ya gama karatu, ya bude (ya kafa) makaranta a kauye. Ya dawo gidansu a kauye ne don ya kafa makarantar kansa - yana so ya ba wa mutanen kauyensu damar samun ilimi kamar yadda shi ma ya samu.
Sauran zabubbukan ba su dace ba:
Wannan labari yana nuna muhimmancin ilimi da kuma yadda mutum zai iya amfani da ilimin da ya samu don taimakon al'ummarsa.
Question 18 Report
A wane hali ne ake amfani da karin magana: *Komai nisan jifa kasa zai sauka *?
Karin magana "Komai nisan jifa, kasa zai sauka" yana nufin komai yadda aka jefa abu sama ko nesa, dole ne zai sauko kasa a karshe. Ma'anar wannan ita ce: komai yadda mutum ya yi wani abu, ko ya gudu daga gaskiya, ko ya yi wani aiki na ban tsoro, a karshe sakamakon zai zo. Babu abin da zai dawwama har abada ba tare da sakamakonsa ba.
Ana amfani da wannan karin magana a lokacin gargadi. Ana fadin shi ne lokacin da ake so a gargadi mutum cewa duk abin da yake yi, ko rashin adalci ko munafunci ko wani mummunan aiki, sakamakonsa zai same shi a karshe. Yana tunatar da mutum cewa komai nisan gudu, rana ta komo gida.
Sauran zabubbukan ba su dace ba:
Question 19 Report
"Sun karanta littafi." Wace kalma ce abin aiki (object)?
A cikin nahawun Hausa, "abin aiki" (object) shi ne kalmar da ke karɓar aikin fi'ili - wato abin da aka yi wa wani abu. A jumlar "Sun karanta littafi," akwai abubuwa uku:
Littafi (book) ita ce amsar da ta dace domin ita ce kalmar da ke karɓar aikin fi'ilin "karanta." Tambayar "me suka karanta?" amsar ita ce "littafi" - wannan ya tabbatar da cewa littafi shi ne abin aikin jumlar.
"Sun" batun jumla ne (subject), ba abin aiki ba. "Karanta" fi'ili ne (verb), ba abin aiki ba. "Sun karanta" haɗin batun jumla da fi'ili ne, ba abin aiki ba.
Question 20 Report
Ma'anar karin magana "Hannu daya baya daukar jinka" ita ce -
Karin maganar "Hannu daya baya daukar jinka" tana amfani da misalin jinka (rainin auduga da ake dinka da shi) don isar da sakon hadin kai da taimakon juna.
A zahiri (literally), jinka yana da nauyi kuma yana da fadi - hannu guda daya ba zai iya dauke shi ba. Amma ma'anar karin maganar ba ta tsaya a zahiri ba. Irinsu karin magana na Hausa suna da ma'ana ta zurfin tunani (figurative meaning) da ke wuce abin da aka fada a bayyane.
Ma'anar zurfin tunani ita ce: ba a iya cin nasara kai kadai. Mutum daya ba zai iya cimma nasara ba idan bai sami taimakon wasu ba. Kamar yadda hannu guda ba ya iya daukar jinka, haka mutum daya ba ya iya gudanar da babban aiki shi kadai.
Bambancin da sauran zabin:
Question 21 Report
Wane salo ne ya fi dacewa da karin magana a Hausance?
Karin magana a Hausance ya shahara da taƙaitaccen salon magana wanda ke ɗauke da zurfin hikima. Karin magana ba dogon bayani ba ne, kuma ba maganar da ba ta da ma'ana ba ce. Manufarsa ita ce a yi amfani da kalmomi kaɗan don isar da babban saƙo mai ma'ana.
Salon da ya fi dacewa da karin magana shi ne sauki da zurfi. Wannan yana nufin kalmomin sun kasance masu sauƙin fahimta a sama-sama, amma idan aka yi tunani a kansu, za a ga cewa suna ɗauke da zurfin hikima da darasi.
Misali, karin maganar "Hannun daya baya ɗaukar jinka" kalma ce mai sauƙi, amma zurfin ma'anarta ita ce haɗin kai da taimakon juna suna da muhimmanci a rayuwa.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka ba su dace ba: rashin ma'ana ya saɓa wa manufar karin magana gaba ɗaya; dogon bayani ya saɓa wa taƙaitaccen salon karin magana; maimaici kuma ba shi ne babban sifar karin magana ba, ko da yake wasu karin magana na iya yin amfani da shi.
Question 22 Report
Wane yanayi ne kalmar *karya* ke nuni da shi?
Tambayar tana neman sanin yanayin (category/field) da kalmar ƙarya ke nuni da shi. Ƙarya tana nufin faɗar abin da ba gaskiya ba da gangan.
Kalmar ƙarya tana cikin yanayin halayya (character/behavior). Ga dalilin:
Don haka, ƙarya tana cikin yanayin halayya domin ita hali ce ta mutum - wani irin ɗabi'a ko salon rayuwa da mutum ke nunawa.
Question 23 Report
Wace kalma ce ke nuna lokaci a jumlar nan: *Zan tafi gobe *?
A jumlar "Zan tafi gobe," tambayar tana neman kalmar da ke nuna lokaci - wato kalmar da ke gaya mana yaushe aikin zai faru.
Bari mu dubi kowane zabubi:
Kalmar gobe ita ce kalmar da ke nuna lokaci a wannan jumla, domin tana nuna takamaiman lokacin da aikin tafiya zai faru.
Question 24 Report
"Ina son________" Wacce kalma za ta cika gibin?
Jimlar "Ina son________" tana buqatar a cika ta da kalmar da ta dace bayan "son" (liking/loving). A nahawun Hausa, "ina son" tana bukatar sunan fi'ili (verbal noun/masdar) ko sunan abin da ake so.
Bari mu duba zabin:
Karatu shi ne zabin da ya fi dacewa domin shi sunan fi'ili ne (verbal noun) wanda ke biye da "ina son" a hanyar nahawu ta yau da kullum: "Ina son karatu" (I love reading/studying).
Question 25 Report
"Goron Sallah" yana cikin wane nau'in adabi?
It's an oral tradition, part of communal practices where symbolic gifts like goro are exchanged.
Question 26 Report
Wane bangare na harshe ne kalmar *dadi *?
A nahawun Hausa, ana rarraba kalmomi zuwa bangarori daban-daban kamar suna (noun), fi'ili/aiki (verb), sifa (adjective), da kari (adverb). Tambayar tana neman bangaren harshe da kalmar "dadi" ta shiga.
Kalmar "dadi" tana bayyana irin halin da abu ke ciki - tana nuna yanayin abu. Lokacin da muka ce "abinci mai dadi" ko "ruwa mai dadi," muna amfani da "dadi" ne don bayyana yadda abun yake - cewa yana da dadi. Wannan aikin bayyana halin abu shine aikin sifa (adjective).
Ga bambancin bangarorin harshe:
Question 27 Report
"Biri ya dauki kaza ya gudu" misali ne na me?
Maganar "Biri ya dauki kaza ya gudu" misali ne na karin magana a cikin adabin Hausa. Karin magana gajeren zance ne mai hikima da ake amfani da shi don isar da darasi ko gargadi ta hanyar kwatanci ko labarin abin da ya faru.
Wannan karin magana tana amfani da dabbobi (biri da kaza) don kwatanta halin mutane. Biri ya kwace kaza ya gudu - yana nuna yadda mutum zai yi wani abu na rashin gaskiya ya gudu da shi, ko kuma yadda wanda ya yi laifi yake gudu da abin da ya sata.
Bambancin da sauran nau'o'in adabi:
Karin magana ce domin gajeren zance ne mai hikima da ke amfani da misali don koyar da darasi.
Question 28 Report
Wace waka ce ake rerawa lokacin haihuwa a gargajiyar Hausa?
A al'adar Hausa, ana yin wakoki daban-daban a lokutan muhimman al'amura na rayuwa kamar haihuwa, aure, suna (ranar suna), da dai sauransu. Wakar da ake rerawa musamman lokacin haihuwa ita ce wakar tarbar jariri.
Wakar tarbar jariri waka ce da mata (musamman iyaye mata, kakanni, da makusantan uwar jariri) ke rerawa don nuna farin cikin zuwan sabon jariri a duniya. Wannan waka tana dauke da addu'o'i ga jaririn, fatan alheri, da murna ga iyayen jaririn.
Sauran zabubbukan da aka bayar ba su dace ba saboda:
A jarrabawa, ka tuna cewa al'adun Hausa na haihuwa sun hada da wakar tarbar jariri, bikin suna (ranar suna), da aski (aske gashin jariri).
Question 29 Report
Read the passage and answer questions below.
"Akwai wani yaro mai suna Umar, wanda ke zaune a garin Funtua. Umar na da sha'awar karatu sosai, musamman kimiyya. Duk da
cewa iyayensa ba su da karfi, suna dagewa wajen tallafa masa domin cimma burinsa. Kullum yana zuwa makaranta da wuri, yana
kuma taimaka wa malamansa. Ranar wata gasa ta kimiyya, Umar ya lashe kyauta ta farko. Wannan ya sa aka yaba masa a
makarantar gaba ɗaya."
Me Umar ya samu bayan gasar kimiyya?
Tambayar tana neman sanin abin da Umar ya samu bayan gasar kimiyya. A cikin nassin, an rubuta a sarari: "Ranar wata gasa ta kimiyya, Umar ya lashe kyauta ta farko." Wannan yana nufin Umar ya sami kyauta (prize/award) a gasar - musamman kyautar matsayi na farko.
Kyauta (prize/gift) ita ce amsar da ta dace. Kalmar "lashe" tana nufin "cin nasara" ko "samun," kuma "kyauta ta farko" tana nufin ladan matsayi na farko a gasar.
"Korewa" (expulsion) ba daidai ba ne - ba a kore Umar daga makaranta ba, a'a an yaba masa. "Sauyawa makaranta" (transfer) ba a ambata a cikin nassin ba ko kaɗan. "Hukunci" (punishment) ya saɓa wa labarin gaba ɗaya domin nassin ya nuna cewa an yaba wa Umar saboda nasararsa, ba a hukunta shi ba.
Question 30 Report
Idon Matambayi yana daga cikin wane nau'i na adabi?
Idon Matambayi shahararren littafi ne a cikin adabin Hausa na zamani. Yana daga cikin nau'in labari (novel/prose fiction) a cikin tsarin rabon adabi.
Bari mu fahimci nau'o'in adabin Hausa:
Idon Matambayi an rubuta shi ne a tsarin labarin almara (prose narrative) - yana da haruffa, makirci (plot), da jigo (theme). Ba wasan kwaikwayo ba ne (ba shi da tsarin dandali), ba waka ba ne (ba shi da kari da amshi), kuma ba makala ba ne (ba bayani/sharhi ba ne). Shi labari ne.
Question 31 Report
"Ya kamata kowa ya yi aiki tukuru." Wannan jimla na nuna -
Jimlar "Ya kamata kowa ya yi aiki tukuru" tana bayar da shawarar yadda ya kamata mutane su gudanar da rayuwarsu - wato a yi aiki da himma. Kalmar "ya kamata" a cikin Hausa tana nuna cewa ana ba da shawara ko nasiha, ba umarni ba ko damuwa ba.
Bari mu duba bambancin:
Tsarin jimlar "Ya kamata... ya yi..." shi ne tsarin ba da shawara ko nasiha a cikin nahawun Hausa.
Question 32 Report
Wane daga cikin waɗannan bai shafi adabin baka ba?
Adabin baka (oral literature) shine nau'in adabin da ake yadawa ta hanyar baki - daga mutum zuwa mutum, daga zamani zuwa zamani, ba tare da rubuta shi ba. Ya hada da tatsuniya, karin magana, zambo, waka, almara, da sauransu.
Daga cikin zabubbukan da aka bayar:
Saboda haka, rubutacciyar waka ita ce ba ta shafi adabin baka ba. Kalmar "rubutacciya" da kanta tana nuna cewa an rubuta ta, wanda ya saba wa yanayin adabin baka (wanda ke yadawa ta hanyar magana da ji).
Question 33 Report
Wace irin waka ce ke amfani da abubuwan kida da rawa?
Wakar gargajiya tana amfani da kida da rawa domin isar da sao.
Question 34 Report
Read the passage and answer questions below.
"Akwai wani yaro mai suna Umar, wanda ke zaune a garin Funtua. Umar na da sha'awar karatu sosai, musamman kimiyya. Duk da
cewa iyayensa ba su da karfi, suna dagewa wajen tallafa masa domin cimma burinsa. Kullum yana zuwa makaranta da wuri, yana
kuma taimaka wa malamansa. Ranar wata gasa ta kimiyya, Umar ya lashe kyauta ta farko. Wannan ya sa aka yaba masa a
makarantar gaba ɗaya."
Mene ne Umar ke sha'awa sosai?
Wannan tambaya ta fahimtar karatu ce. A cikin nassin da aka bayar, an rubuta a sarari cewa: "Umar na da sha'awar karatu sosai, musamman kimiyya." Wannan jumla tana nuna kai tsaye cewa abin da Umar ke sha'awa sosai shi ne kimiyya (science).
Saboda haka, Kimiyya ita ce amsar da ta dace. Nassi ya tabbatar da haka ta hanyoyi biyu: da farko, an faɗa a sarari cewa yana da sha'awar kimiyya musamman; na biyu, an bayyana cewa ya shiga gasar kimiyya kuma ya lashe kyauta ta farko, abin da ke ƙara tabbatar da sha'awarsa ga wannan fanni.
Kasuwanci (business), noma (farming), da kwallon ƙafa (football) ba a ambace su ko kaɗan a cikin nassin. Lokacin da ake amsa tambayoyin fahimtar karatu, dole ne a mayar da amsa ga abin da nassin ya faɗa kai tsaye, ba abin da ake zato ba.
Question 35 Report
Ma'anar karin magana 'Hannu daya baya daukar jinka' ita ce -
Karin maganar da aka bayar ita ce: "Hannu ɗaya baya ɗaukar jinka." Kalma-kalma, yana nufin hannu ɗaya ba zai iya ɗaga nauyin jinka (bundle of thatch/grass for roofing) ba.
Ma'anar wannan karin magana ita ce a taimaka wa juna. Jinka nauyi ne da mutum ɗaya ba zai iya ɗauka shi kaɗai ba - sai a haɗa hannu biyu ko fiye. Haka nan a rayuwa, akwai ayyuka da matsaloli da mutum ɗaya ba zai iya magance su shi kaɗai ba - sai an haɗa ƙarfi, an taimaka wa juna.
Karin maganar yana koyar da muhimmancin haɗin kai da taimakon juna (cooperation) a cikin al'umma. Ba wanda zai yi komai shi kaɗai; ana buƙatar juna don ci gaban al'umma.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ba su da alaƙa da saƙon karin maganar: "a zauna lafiya" game da zaman lafiya ne; "a yi sauri" game da gaggawa; "a ci gaba da karatu" game da ilimi - babu ɗayansu da ya shafi taimakon juna.
Question 36 Report
Wace kalma ke nuna jam'in magana?
A nahawun Hausa, wakilai suna (pronouns) suna kasu zuwa gida biyu dangane da adadi:
Bari mu duba zabin kalmomi:
Daga cikin wadannan kalmomi, "Su" ita ce kadai kalmar da ke nuna jam'i (plural), domin tana wakiltar mutane fiye da daya. Sauran duka na mufuradi ne.
Question 37 Report
Hausa tana cikin wace rukuni na harsuna?
Linguistics classifies the world's languages into families based on shared ancestry and structural features. Hausa belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language family, specifically to its Chadic branch. The Chadic languages are spoken predominantly in northern Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon, and Hausa is by far the most widely spoken among them, with over 80 million speakers across West and Central Africa.
The Afro-Asiatic family also includes Semitic languages (such as Arabic and Hebrew), Berber languages, Cushitic languages (such as Somali and Oromo), and ancient Egyptian. Hausa shares certain structural features with other Afro-Asiatic languages, including a system of grammatical gender, certain consonant patterns, and aspects of verb morphology.
Indo-European is the family that includes English, French, Hindi, and most European languages - Hausa has no connection to this group. Bantu is a sub-group of the Niger-Congo family and includes languages such as Swahili, Zulu, and Igbo's neighbours, but not Hausa. Niger-Congo is the largest African language family and includes Yoruba and Igbo, but Hausa specifically belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family, not Niger-Congo.
Question 38 Report
"Zan je makaranta gobe in Allah ya so." Me "in Allah ya so" ke nufi?
A cikin jimlar "Zan je makaranta gobe in Allah ya so," bangaren "in Allah ya so" yana nuna yanayin sharaddi (conditional clause). Kalmar "in" a cikin Hausa ita ce kalmar sharaddi (conditional marker) da ke nufin "idan" ko "if" a Turanci.
Tsarin sharaddi a Hausa:
Bari mu bambance da sauran zabin:
"In Allah ya so" kalmar sharadi ce domin tana sanya zuwan makaranta a kan yanayin yardar Allah.
Question 39 Report
Wace kalma ce ke nuna wurin da abin ke faruwa a jimla: 'Yara suna wasa a filin makaranta'?
Tambayar tana neman kalmar da ke nuna wurin da abin ke faruwa (locative/adverbial of place) a cikin jimlar: "Yara suna wasa a filin makaranta."
Bari mu nazarci kowane ɓangare na jimlar:
Don haka, filin makaranta ita ce kalmar da ke nuna wurin da abin ke faruwa. A nahawun Hausa, wurin faruwar abu (adverbial of place) shi ne ɓangaren jimla da ke amsa tambayar "a ina?" Idan aka yi tambayar "A ina yara suke wasa?" amsar ita ce "a filin makaranta."
Question 40 Report
Wane salo ne ya fi fitowa a cikin wakokin Aminu Ala?
Aminu Ala (cikakken sunansa Aminu Danbala Alaramma) shahararren mawaƙi ne na Hausa na zamani wanda ya yi fice a fagen waƙoƙin siyasa a Arewacin Nijeriya.
Salon da ya fi fitowa a cikin waƙoƙinsa shi ne salo na siyasa. Aminu Ala ya shahara ne saboda waƙoƙinsa na siyasa waɗanda suke:
Ko da yake waƙoƙinsa na iya ƙunsar wasu salailai kamar gargaɗi ko kwatanci, babban salon da ya keɓanta da shi kuma ya sa ya shahara shi ne salon siyasa. A cikin nazarin adabin Hausa na zamani, ana ɗaukar Aminu Ala a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawaƙan siyasa na Hausa.
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