JAMB UTME - Geography - 2023
Question 1 Report
Water vapour is turned into water droplets by the process of
Answer Details
Water vapour is turned into water droplets by the process of **condensation**. Condensation occurs when water vapor, which is in the gaseous state, comes into contact with a cool surface or cool air. When the temperature of the water vapor decreases, the water molecules slow down and move closer together. This causes the water vapor to transform into liquid water, forming water droplets. To understand this process better, think of a glass of cold water on a warm day. As the warm air comes into contact with the cold surface of the glass, the water vapor in the air loses heat energy and condenses into water droplets on the outside of the glass. This is why you observe water droplets forming on the glass. Similarly, when warm, moist air rises and comes into contact with cooler air in the atmosphere, or when it encounters cool surfaces such as windows, mirrors, or grass in the early morning, condensation occurs, and water droplets are formed. In summary, condensation is the process where water vapor changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state by cooling down, resulting in the formation of water droplets.
Question 2 Report
Which of the following stations is situated in a region of tropical monsoon climate?
Answer Details
**Bombay (Mumbai)** is situated in a region of tropical monsoon climate. Tropical monsoon climate is characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout the year, with distinctive wet and dry seasons. In this climate, the wet season is associated with the monsoon winds, which bring abundant rainfall. The dry season, on the other hand, is characterized by little to no rainfall. Mumbai experiences this type of climate due to its location on the western coast of India. The Arabian Sea to the west and the Western Ghats mountain range to the east influence the city's climate. The monsoon winds blow from the southwest during the wet season (June to September), bringing intense rainfall to the region. Mumbai receives a significant amount of rainfall during this period, accounting for a large portion of its annual precipitation. During the dry season (October to May), Mumbai experiences less rainfall, but the temperatures remain relatively high. The average temperature ranges from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius (77 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit) throughout the year. In summary, Mumbai (Bombay) is situated in a region of tropical monsoon climate due to its location on the western coast of India, which experiences high temperatures and heavy rainfall during the wet season, and relatively lower rainfall during the dry season.
Question 3 Report
Which of the following is a wind deposited land form?
Answer Details
A wind-deposited landform refers to a geological feature that is created or shaped by the action of wind carrying and depositing sediments. In this context, out of the four options given, the one that is a wind-deposited landform is **loess**. Loess is a specific type of sediment that is composed of fine particles of silt and clay that have been blown by wind over long distances and eventually deposited. It is typically pale yellow or light brown in color and has a very fine texture. Loess deposits often form in regions with strong and consistent winds, such as dry deserts or the margins of glacial systems. These sediments accumulate over time, often in thick layers, creating distinct landforms. One characteristic feature associated with loess is its ability to be easily eroded by wind and water. This erosion gives rise to unique landforms, such as **yardangs** and **deflation hollows**, which are also mentioned in the given options. A yardang is a ridge of rock that has been carved and streamlined by wind erosion. The wind scours away the loose sediment, leaving behind elongated ridges that run parallel to the prevailing wind direction. Yardangs can vary in size from a few meters to several kilometers long. A deflation hollow, on the other hand, is a depression in the landscape that forms when loose sediments are eroded away by wind, leaving behind a lowered area. These hollows can occur individually or in groups, and their size and shape depend on the intensity and duration of wind erosion. While both yardangs and deflation hollows are features associated with wind erosion, they are not technically wind-deposited landforms since they are created by the removal of sediment rather than the deposition of sediment. In summary, out of the options given, the wind-deposited landform is **loess**. It is a type of fine sediment made of silt and clay particles that are transported and deposited by the wind. Yardangs and deflation hollows, although associated with wind erosion, are not specifically wind-deposited landforms.
Question 4 Report
In which erosional plain is an inselberg commonly found
Answer Details
Inselberg is formed from the existence of extensive old plateau
Question 5 Report
The type of agriculture in which water is conserved in a year so that crops can be grown in succeeding years by ploughing, mulching or harrowing is known as
Answer Details
The type of agriculture described here is called dry farming.
Dry farming is a method of agriculture that focuses on conserving water in areas where water supply is limited. It is commonly used in regions with arid or semi-arid climates where rainfall is scarce and unreliable.
In dry farming, the goal is to maximize the use of available moisture in the soil and minimize water loss through evaporation. This is achieved through various practices such as ploughing, mulching, and harrowing.
Ploughing helps to break up the soil surface and create furrows or ridges, which helps to trap and retain moisture in the soil. This prevents excessive evaporation and allows the soil to hold water for a longer period of time.
Mulching involves covering the soil with a layer of organic materials such as straw, leaves, or crop residues. This helps to reduce evaporation by shading the soil surface and slows down moisture loss. Mulch also helps to improve soil structure, retain water, and suppress weed growth.
Harrowing is the process of loosening the top layer of soil after ploughing or planting. It helps to create a fine, crumbly soil structure that reduces water runoff and allows rain or irrigation water to penetrate deeper into the soil.
By practicing these techniques, dry farmers are able to conserve water and create favorable conditions for crop growth even in areas with limited rainfall. This allows them to sustain crop production in successive years without relying heavily on external sources of water.
In summary, dry farming is a method of agriculture that conserves water in arid or semi-arid regions by employing practices such as ploughing, mulching, and harrowing. These techniques help to retain moisture in the soil, reduce water loss, and enable crop production in successive years.
Question 6 Report
The table above shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of station Z. Study and use it to answer the question.The wettest month of the year is
Answer Details
The wettest month of the year is determined by the month with the highest rainfall. From the table, the highest rainfall is 307mm, which occurs in August. Therefore, the wettest month of the year is August.
Question 7 Report
Which of the following is associated with savanna vegetation?
Answer Details
avannas represents the vast majority of the areas which are characterised by a layerof perenial herbaceous plants, such as sedges with varrying degree of scrubs
Question 8 Report
The sun is vertically overhead at the tropic of Caprison in
Answer Details
The sun is vertically overhead at the tropic of Capricorn on December 22nd. To understand why, we need to know a few things about the Earth's tilt and its movement around the sun. The Earth is tilted on its axis at an angle of about 23.5 degrees. This tilt is what gives us our seasons. During the year, the Earth moves around the sun in an elliptical path. On two specific days, called the solstices, the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky. These are the days when the tilt of the Earth is most noticeable. On December 22nd, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. This means that the sun appears lower in the sky and its rays are more spread out. Meanwhile, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. This tilt causes the sun to appear higher in the sky and its rays to be more concentrated. The tropic of Capricorn is located at about 23.5 degrees south of the equator. On December 22nd, the sun is directly overhead at this latitude because the tilt of the Earth causes the sun's rays to be focused at that point. In summary, on December 22nd, the sun is directly overhead at the tropic of Capricorn because of the Earth's tilt and its position in its orbit around the sun.
Question 9 Report
The table above shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of station Z. Study and use it to answer the question.
What is the annual range of temperature for station Z
Answer Details
The annual range of temperature is calculated by subtracting the lowest temperature of the year from the highest temperature of the year. From the table, the highest temperature is 32oC (in April) and the lowest is 22oC (in January). Therefore, the annual range of temperature is 32 - 22 = 10oC.
Question 10 Report
Which of the following is a major boost of tourism?
Answer Details
A major boost of tourism is adequate publicity about natural scenery.
When there is adequate publicity about natural scenery, it creates awareness among tourists about the beauty and uniqueness of a particular destination. This can include stunning landscapes, national parks, wildlife reserves, breathtaking mountains, pristine beaches, or iconic landmarks.
Such publicity can be done through various means, including travel websites, social media platforms, travel documentaries, brochures, and advertisements. When potential visitors see and hear about the natural beauty of a place, it increases their desire to visit and explore it.
This publicity helps to attract tourists from different parts of the world who are eager to experience and appreciate the wonders of nature. Tourists are motivated to visit new places they have heard about and seen pictures of, and this results in a boost in tourism.
When tourists visit a destination, they contribute to the local economy by spending money on accommodation, food, transportation, souvenirs, and various activities. This spending stimulates economic growth and development in the area.
Furthermore, tourism also promotes cultural exchange and understanding between different regions and people. Visitors have the opportunity to learn about different cultures, traditions, and ways of life, while locals get to interact with and learn from tourists as well.
In summary, adequate publicity about natural scenery plays a major role in boosting tourism by attracting tourists and stimulating economic growth. It helps generate interest and curiosity among potential visitors, leading them to explore and appreciate the beauty of various destinations.
Question 11 Report
Nigeria major export commodity is
Answer Details
Nigeria's biggest export is crude oil, a commodity that represents over three-quaters(78.7%) of its total exported goods by value.
Question 12 Report
The instrument used to measure the duration of sunshine is the
Answer Details
The instrument used to measure the duration of sunshine is called the **campbell-stokes recorder**. This instrument is specifically designed to measure the amount of sunlight received at a particular location over a given period of time. The campbell-stokes recorder consists of a glass sphere that is mounted in a metal frame. This sphere acts as a lens, focusing the sunlight onto a specially designed card or paper underneath. The card or paper is positioned in such a way that it is slightly above the focal point of the lens. When sunlight passes through the lens and focuses on the card, it causes the card to heat up. As a result, a burn mark or a scorch is left on the card. By measuring the length of the burn mark, we can determine the duration of sunshine. The campbell-stokes recorder is widely used in meteorology and climatology to monitor and document the amount of sunshine received in a given area. It is a simple and effective instrument that provides valuable data for studying weather patterns, climate change, and solar energy potential. In conclusion, the instrument used to measure the duration of sunshine is the campbell-stokes recorder, which uses a glass sphere to focus sunlight onto a card or paper and measures the length of the resulting burn mark.
Question 13 Report
When weathering occurs on hill slopes, rock debris usually pile up at the bottom of the hill slope to form
Answer Details
When weathering occurs on hill slopes, the rock debris usually pile up at the bottom of the hill slope to form **scrree**. Scree is a deposition of loose rock fragments that have accumulated at the base of a steep slope or cliff. It is formed as a result of the continuous process of weathering, erosion, and gravity. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks by natural processes, such as wind, water, and temperature changes. This causes rocks to become smaller and more fragmented over time. Erosion is the process of transporting the fragmented rock material down the slope. Gravity plays a significant role in moving the loose rock fragments towards the bottom of the hill slope. As the weathered rock fragments accumulate at the base of the slope, they form a pile of loose debris called scree. Scree can range in size from small pebbles to larger rocks. It is usually found on steep slopes or cliffs where the force of gravity pulls the loose rock down and accumulates it at the bottom. In conclusion, when weathering occurs on hill slopes, the rock debris piles up at the bottom to form scree.
Question 14 Report
The part of the earth crust covered by water bodies is known as the
Answer Details
The part of the earth's crust covered by water bodies is known as the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere includes all the water on Earth, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and even groundwater and atmospheric water vapor.
The hydrosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth. It provides habitats for a wide range of organisms and helps regulate the planet's climate. The hydrosphere is also a vital source of freshwater, which is essential for drinking, agriculture, and various other human activities.
The term "sial" refers to the upper part of the earth's crust, which is made up of lighter rocks like granite and makes up the continents. Therefore, it is not the correct answer for this question.
The stratosphere, on the other hand, is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere located above the troposphere. It extends from about 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) to 50 kilometers (31 miles) above the Earth's surface. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which helps protect the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. However, it is not related to the crust or water bodies, so it is not the correct answer either.
In summary, the correct answer is the hydrosphere, which refers to the part of the Earth's crust covered by water bodies.
Question 15 Report
Rocks are said to be crystalline when the atoms forming them are
Answer Details
Crystalline rocks are rocks that;
-do not contain fossils
-do not occur in layers i.e they are non-stratified
Question 16 Report
The difference in time between two longitudes is approximately
Answer Details
The difference in time between two longitudes is approximately 4 minutes.
To understand this, let's first understand what longitudes are. Longitudes are imaginary lines that run vertically around the Earth, from the North Pole to the South Pole. They help to identify specific locations on the Earth's surface.
Now, the Earth takes 24 hours to complete one full rotation around its axis. This rotation results in the sun appearing to rise and set in different parts of the world at different times. This is what gives us our concept of time zones.
By convention, the Earth is divided into 24 time zones, each covering approximately 15 degrees of longitude. Each time zone represents an hour of difference in time.
So, if we do the math, we can calculate that with 360 degrees (the full circumference of the Earth) divided by 24 time zones, each time zone covers 15 degrees of longitude. This means that for every 15 degrees of longitude you travel east or west, there is a time difference of about one hour.
Since each time zone represents one hour and there are 60 minutes in an hour, we can calculate that the time difference for every 1 degree of longitude is approximately 4 minutes (60 minutes divided by 15 degrees).
Therefore, the correct answer is 4 minutes
Question 17 Report
Which of the following rocks is organically formed?
Answer Details
Shale rocks are made of clay-sized particles and have a laminated appearance. They are a type of organica sedimentary rock.
Question 18 Report
An example of a coastline of emergence is
Answer Details
A coastline of emergence refers to a type of coastline where the land is rising relative to the sea level. This rise in land can be caused by geological processes such as tectonic movements or isostatic rebound. One example of a coastline of emergence is a **raised beach**. A raised beach is a coastal landform that was once at sea level but has been lifted up above the current sea level. This lifting can occur due to processes like tectonic activity or changes in the Earth's crust. When the land rises, the shoreline shifts upwards, leaving behind a flat or gently sloping platform. This platform, known as a raised beach, is typically located above the reach of waves and tides. It can vary in width and elevation, extending for several kilometers inland. A raised beach often has distinctive features such as wave-cut notches, terraces, and marine deposits like shells or sediments. These features serve as evidence of its former connection to the sea. It is important to note that a raised beach is just one type of coastline of emergence. Other examples include dalmation coasts, ria coasts, and estuarine coasts. However, among the given options, a raised beach best represents a coastline of emergence.
Question 19 Report
Kossou Dam is located on river
Answer Details
Lake Kossou is Cote d'ivores largest lake. It lies on the Bandama river in the center of the country. It is an artificial lake, created in 1973 by damming the Badama river at kossou
Question 20 Report
The largest ocean in the world is the
Answer Details
The largest ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean. It covers the most extensive area compared to the other options listed. The Pacific Ocean stretches from the western coast of North and South America to the eastern coast of Asia and Australia. It is so vast that it is larger than the landmass of all the continents combined.
Its immense size is due to the tectonic plate boundaries that surround it. The Pacific Ocean is bordered by the Ring of Fire, a region that experiences frequent volcanic activity and earthquakes. This constant reshaping of the seafloor has allowed the Pacific Ocean to expand and dominate the Earth's surface.
With an area of approximately 63 million square miles, the Pacific Ocean is home to numerous islands, including Hawaii, Tahiti, and Fiji. It is also famous for its deep trenches, like the Mariana Trench, which is the deepest point in the world's oceans.
The Pacific Ocean plays a vital role in regulating the Earth's climate. It absorbs much of the sun's heat, helping to distribute warmth across the planet. This ocean is also crucial for global transportation and trade, serving as a major marine highway between the Americas, Asia, and Oceania.
In summary, the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world, encompassing a vast area and serving as a vital component of Earth's climate and global connectivity.
Question 21 Report
Africa has the largest potential reserve of hydro-electric power in the world because
Answer Details
It is of no doubt that Africa has the highest potential reserves of hydro-electric power because it is surrounded by large oceans.
Question 22 Report
The dam which is not used in Gezira is the
Answer Details
Jebal Azula is a dam which is not used in Gezira scheme
Question 23 Report
One of the features of wind deposition is
Answer Details
Inselberg is formed from the existence of extensive old plateau. It is caused as a result of weathering and remval of weathered materials
Question 24 Report
The broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is called
Answer Details
The broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is called selvas. Selvas is a term used to describe the lush, vibrant rainforest found in the Amazon.
These forests are characterized by their tall trees with large, broad leaves that can capture as much sunlight as possible. The leaves of these trees stay green all year round, giving the forest a constant appearance of being "evergreen."
The Amazon rainforest is also known for its incredible biodiversity, with a wide variety of plant and animal species living in this habitat. This is due to the constant warm and humid climate, as well as the diverse range of ecosystems within the region.
The dense and thick vegetation in the selvas plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of our planet. It serves as a carbon sink, absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis. Additionally, the Amazon rainforest is often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth" because of its significant contribution to global oxygen production.
In conclusion, the broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is known as selvas. It is a unique and important ecosystem with immense biodiversity and crucial ecological functions.
Question 25 Report
A block mountain is formed as a result of
Answer Details
A block mountain is formed as a result of faulting, specifically a type of fault called a normal fault.
When the Earth's crust experiences stress, it can cause rocks to break along fault lines. In the case of a normal fault, the rocks on one side of the fault move downward relative to the rocks on the other side. This downward movement creates a step-like feature on the Earth's surface, with one side lower than the other. This step-like feature is what we call a block mountain.
As time goes on, the forces of erosion, such as wind, water, and glaciers, start to wear away at the block mountain. However, the harder and more resistant rocks that make up the mountain are less easily eroded compared to the softer surrounding rocks. This causes the block mountain to stand out even more as a prominent and elevated feature in the landscape.
So, to summarize, a block mountain is formed when the Earth's crust experiences faulting, specifically a normal fault. The downward movement of rocks on one side of the fault creates a step-like feature on the Earth's surface, which we call a block mountain. Erosion then works to shape and define the mountain's features over time.
Question 26 Report
Crater lakes are usually associated with areas
Answer Details
A crater lake is usually considered as a dormant volcano. They tend to have a steep-sided conical form
Question 27 Report
Which of the following is not a process of chemical weathering?
Answer Details
Chemical weathering is a process in which the chemical composition of rocks and minerals is altered due to exposure to certain substances or environmental conditions. It plays a significant role in the breakdown and decomposition of rocks over time. Out of the options given, **frost action** is not a process of chemical weathering. Frost action, also known as freeze-thaw weathering, refers to the physical breakdown of rocks caused by repeated freezing and thawing of water within the rock fractures. It is a type of physical weathering, not chemical. Now let's briefly explain the other three options and how they relate to chemical weathering: 1. **Hydrolysis** is a chemical process in which water reacts with minerals in the rock, leading to their breakdown. Minerals such as feldspar and mica are commonly affected by hydrolysis. Water molecules interact with these minerals, causing them to break down into new minerals or dissolved ions. This process weakens the rock's structure and contributes to its gradual degradation. 2. **Oxidation** is another chemical process that occurs when certain minerals in rocks react with oxygen in the presence of water or air. This reaction causes the minerals to undergo a chemical change, resulting in the formation of new compounds. For example, when iron minerals in rocks come into contact with oxygen, they can oxidize and form iron oxide, more commonly known as rust. This process weakens the rock and makes it more susceptible to further weathering. 3. **Carbonation** is the chemical weathering process associated with the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water, forming carbonic acid. This acid reacts with minerals such as calcium carbonate (present in rocks like limestone and marble), leading to their dissolution. Carbonation is a common process in regions with a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or in areas where water with dissolved carbon dioxide comes into contact with rocks. In conclusion, **frost action** is not a process of chemical weathering but rather a form of physical weathering. Hydrolysis, oxidation, and carbonation, on the other hand, are all examples of chemical weathering processes that contribute to the degradation and alteration of rocks over time.
Question 28 Report
A slope is said to be even when the contours are
Answer Details
A slope is said to be even when the contours are **equally placed**. This means that the contours are evenly spaced apart from each other. When the contours are evenly spaced, it indicates that the slope of the land is relatively consistent throughout the area. Imagine looking at a map or a cross-section of a hill or mountain. Contours are the lines on the map that connect points of the same elevation. They give us a visual representation of how steep or gentle the slope is at any given point. When the contours are evenly spaced, it means that the difference in elevation between each contour line is consistent. This indicates that the slope is gradual and not too steep. For example, if we have contour lines that are evenly spaced apart by 10 meters, it means that the slope of the land is changing by approximately 10 meters in height with each contour line. On the other hand, if the contours are irregularly spaced, it means that the slope is varying more dramatically. This can indicate areas of steep cliffs or sudden changes in elevation. In summary, an even slope is characterized by **equally placed** contours, indicating a gradual and consistent change in elevation.
Question 29 Report
The land-use activities which can be considered responsible for soil erosion in the tropics are
Answer Details
Industrial activities such as production, construction etc, monoculture and lumbering are responsible for erosion in the tropics
Question 30 Report
A piece of evidence that confirms that the earth is spherical is
Answer Details
Evidence of the earth's sphericity
-circumarigation of the earth
-lunar eclipse(eclipse of the moon)
-sunrise and sunset
-ship visibility
-the circular horizon
Question 31 Report
The coastal regions of Sierra Leone record an annual rainfall of over
Answer Details
The annual rainfall in sierra leone coastal regions is over 4,800m, which makes it the wettest country in West Africa
Question 32 Report
Buying and selling of goods and services within a country is termed as
Answer Details
The buying and selling of goods and services within a country is known as internal trade.
Internal trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between individuals, businesses, and organizations within the borders of a country. It involves the transfer of goods and services from producers to consumers or from one business to another within the same country.
For example, when you go to a local store to buy groceries or when a company sells its products to customers within the country, it is considered internal trade.
Internal trade is an essential part of a country's economy as it enables the circulation of goods and services within the country, stimulates economic growth, creates job opportunities, and fulfills the needs and wants of the people.
International trade, on the other hand, refers to the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Barter is a system of trade where goods or services are exchanged directly without the use of money. Foreign trade specifically refers to the trade between different countries or the import and export activities of a country.
Therefore, in this context, the correct term for the buying and selling of goods and services within a country is internal trade.
Question 33 Report
Which of the following criteria is used to classify settlements into rural or urban?
Answer Details
The criteria used to classify settlements into rural or urban are: 1. **Function:** This refers to the activities and services that are available within the settlement. In urban settlements, there tends to be a larger variety of economic, educational, and recreational services. These can include industries, offices, schools, hospitals, shopping centers, and entertainment facilities. In contrast, rural settlements mostly have agricultural activities as their main function, with limited services and amenities. 2. **Site:** Site refers to the physical characteristics of the settlement, including its natural features and topography. Urban settlements are commonly found in locations with favorable geographic conditions such as access to transportation routes, water sources, and fertile land. Rural settlements, on the other hand, are often situated in areas with more agricultural potential, like fertile soil and access to water for irrigation. 3. **Location:** Location refers to the position of the settlement relative to other settlements and urban centers. Urban settlements are usually located in more densely populated areas, with close proximity to other urban areas and transportation networks. They tend to be the economic and administrative centers of a region. Rural settlements, on the other hand, are typically found in more sparsely populated areas, characterized by agricultural or natural landscapes, with greater distances between each settlement. In summary, the three criteria used to classify settlements into rural or urban are function, site, and location. Function relates to the activities and services available, site refers to the physical characteristics of the settlement, and location considers the position in relation to other settlements and urban centers.
Question 34 Report
Great Britain and Germany are trading partners of west African countries from
Answer Details
Great Britain and Germany are trading partners of West African countries from Western Europe. Western Europe refers to the region that is located in the western part of the European continent. It includes countries such as the United Kingdom (which includes Great Britain) and Germany. Trading partners are countries that engage in the exchange of goods and services with each other. In this case, West African countries have established trading relationships with Great Britain and Germany. This means that West African countries import goods and services from Great Britain and Germany, and they also export their own goods and services to these countries. The trading partnership between West African countries and Great Britain and Germany is mutually beneficial. West African countries can access a wider range of products from Great Britain and Germany, providing opportunities for economic growth and development. On the other hand, Great Britain and Germany can access valuable resources and markets in West Africa. Overall, the trading relationship between Great Britain, Germany, and West African countries helps to facilitate economic cooperation, promote regional development, and enhance international trade between these regions.
Question 35 Report
The sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa can be traced to all of the following except
Answer Details
The sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa can be traced to all of the following except the concentration of industries.
1. Inter-ethnic war: Conflict between different ethnic groups can cause displacement and hinder population growth in the affected areas. It leads to a disruption in the social fabric and discourages people from settling in these regions.
2. Tsetse fly infestation: The presence of tsetse flies, which are carriers of the sleeping sickness disease, can greatly affect human habitation. These flies are notorious for their bites which can transmit the disease to humans and livestock. The presence of tsetse flies in the middle belt of West Africa makes it difficult for people to inhabit the area due to health risks.
3. Arab slave trade in the North: The Arab slave trade, which took place predominantly in North Africa, resulted in the forced migration and enslavement of many African populations. This historic slave trade did not have a direct impact on the sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa.
4. Concentration of industries: The concentration of industries usually leads to urbanization and increased population in certain areas. This option does not contribute to the sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa.
Therefore, the correct answer is that the sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa cannot be traced to the concentration of industries.
Question 36 Report
Quartz, fieldspar and mica are three principal mineral that can easily be seen in
Answer Details
Quartz, feldspar, and mica are three principal minerals that can easily be seen in granite. Granite is a type of igneous rock, which means it is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava. It is composed mainly of three minerals: quartz, feldspar, and mica. - **Quartz:** Quartz is a hard and durable mineral that is commonly found in granite. It appears as small or large grains and has a glassy or translucent appearance. It comes in different colors, including clear, white, pink, and gray. - **Feldspar:** Feldspar is the most abundant mineral in granite. It is a group of minerals that have a specific crystal structure. Feldspar can be recognized by its white, pink, or gray color. It often appears as large, elongated grains in granite. - **Mica:** Mica is another mineral commonly found in granite. It has a distinct layered structure and can be easily split into thin, flexible sheets. Mica is often shiny and comes in various colors such as brown, black, or green. When you look at granite, you may see specks or grains of quartz, larger grains of feldspar, and thin layers or flakes of mica. These minerals give granite its characteristic appearance and make it a popular choice for countertops, flooring, and construction materials. It's worth noting that while quartz, feldspar, and mica are the three principal minerals in granite, other minerals may also be present in smaller amounts. However, it is the abundance of these three minerals that gives granite its distinctive texture and appearance.
Question 37 Report
What is the population density of a country with a total population of 140,000,000 and a total land area of 500,000 (\Km^2\)?
Answer Details
To calculate the population density of a country, we need to divide the total population of the country by its total land area. In this case, we are given that the total population of the country is 140,000,000 and the total land area is 500,000 km². To find the population density, we divide the population by the land area: Population density = Total population / Total land area Population density = 140,000,000 / 500,000 = 280 persons per km². Therefore, the correct answer is **280 persons per km²**.
Question 38 Report
Which of the following is not a plantation crop?
Answer Details
Rye is not a plantation crop. Plantation crops are large-scale crops that are grown specifically for commercial purposes, often on plantations or large farms. These crops are usually labor-intensive and require specialized farming techniques. Cocoa, oil palm, and rubber are all examples of plantation crops. Cocoa is the main ingredient in chocolate, oil palm produces palm oil used in various products, and rubber is used to make tires and other rubber products. On the other hand, rye is a grain crop that is typically grown in small to medium-sized farms. It is used primarily for making bread, whiskey, and animal feed. Unlike plantation crops, rye does not require extensive labor or specialized farming techniques. In summary, rye is not a plantation crop because it is grown on smaller farms and does not have the same commercial scale as crops like cocoa, oil palm, and rubber. These plantation crops have large-scale production and are used in various industries.
Question 39 Report
The most common form of migration experienced in countries of Tropical Africa is
Answer Details
The most common form of migration experienced in countries of Tropical Africa is **rural-urban migration**. This refers to the movement of people from rural areas, such as villages and small towns, to urban areas, such as cities and towns. There are various reasons why rural-urban migration is prevalent in Tropical Africa. One of the main factors is the search for better economic opportunities. Urban areas tend to offer more job opportunities, higher wages, and better living conditions compared to rural areas. Many people from rural communities migrate to cities in hopes of finding better employment and improving their standard of living. Another important factor contributing to rural-urban migration is the availability of social amenities and services in urban areas. Cities often have better access to education, healthcare, infrastructure, and recreational facilities. People may migrate to urban centers to access these services and provide better opportunities for their families. Moreover, urban areas serve as economic and cultural hubs, attracting people from rural areas seeking to benefit from the diversity and dynamism of city life. Cities offer a wide range of social and cultural activities, entertainment options, and opportunities for networking and socializing. However, it is important to note that rural-urban migration also presents some challenges. The rapid influx of people into cities can lead to overcrowding, strain on infrastructure, and increased competition for resources and jobs. Additionally, migration can have an impact on rural communities as they may experience a loss of human capital and skills. In summary, rural-urban migration is the most common form of migration in countries of Tropical Africa due to the search for better economic opportunities, access to social amenities, and the attraction of urban culture and lifestyle. While it brings benefits to individuals and urban areas, it also poses challenges that need to be addressed for sustainable development.
Question 40 Report
Which of the following is not a problem militating against political and economic integration in West Africa?
Answer Details
Political and economic integration can be hindered by powerful colonial ties, religion and political instability but currency should not be an obstacle because there should be an established exchange rate.
