Geography 9230 | Paper 3 Mock 01 | Written Paper 3

The diagram in Fig. 1 shows the stages of a cotton T-shirt supply chain studied by a geography class. Cotton is grown in India, fabric is made in China, garments are stitched in Bangladesh and the finished T-shirts are sold in shops in the United Kingdom. Arrows show the movement of materials and products between countries.

(a) State the term used for a company that operates production in more than one country. [1]
(b) State two reasons why a clothing company may choose Bangladesh for garment assembly. [2]
(c) Explain one way in which this global supply chain can benefit Bangladesh. [2]

At a former steelworks in northern England, a local study recorded land use after the works closed. Fig. 1 is an artist's diagram of the redevelopment. It shows a business park, apartments, a training centre, landscaped open space and a restored canal. The council used public and private investment to reduce the effects of deindustrialisation in the area.

(a) State what is meant by deindustrialisation. [1]
(b) State two social problems that may occur when a major employer closes. [2]
(c) Suggest two reasons why the redevelopment shown in Fig. 1 may attract new businesses. [2]

The diagram shows a located bar chart made from an environmental quality survey in a city-centre square. Students scored litter, graffiti and noise at three points. The bars are placed at their survey locations rather than in a conventional graph. This presentation lets readers see the data pattern on the map, although exact comparisons can be more difficult when symbols overlap.

(a) State the point, A or B, with the higher bar shown in Fig. 1. [1]
(b) Suggest one advantage of locating bars on a map rather than showing them in a separate chart. [2]

A class is planning a fieldwork enquiry into access to green space in a rapidly growing suburb. They have a base map, a list of public parks and permission to survey residents outside a library. The teacher asks them to consider how the method could exclude some groups, including people who do not visit the library. No figure is provided because students must evaluate the proposed study design before collecting data.

(a) State one group that may be under-represented by surveying only outside the library. [1]
(b) Explain why using more than one survey location could improve the validity of the enquiry. [2]

Aerial photographs taken near the Thames Estuary show a newly constructed sea wall protecting low-lying farmland. Fig. 1 shows the wall, the salt marsh on its seaward side and a drainage ditch behind it. The farmers want to reduce flooding during storm surges, but an environmental group has asked for the salt marsh to be retained because it provides habitat for wading birds.

(a) State one purpose of a sea wall. [1]
(b) Explain how a salt marsh can reduce the impact of waves on the sea wall. [2]

Coastal rangers at Flamborough Head have mapped an area where a cave roof collapsed last winter. Fig. 1 shows the present cliff profile, including a small inlet and a detached rock feature. The rangers need a simple explanation for visitors about why erosion is strongest where waves are focused against the rock. They also inspect the area after high tides to keep walkers away from unstable ground.

(a) State the name of the narrow inlet in the headland shown in Fig. 1. [1]
(b) Explain why wave energy is concentrated on a headland. [2]

Fig. 1 is a sketch map used in a fieldwork enquiry into congestion near a new market in Ibadan, Nigeria. Six students stood at three road locations marked A, B and C. They recorded every vehicle passing their position between 07:45 and 08:00 on a Tuesday. Table 1 gives the data after the groups combined their tally sheets. The study also noted that location B is beside the market entrance, while location C is 350 metres from it.

Table 1 Vehicle observations during the 15-minute count

(a) State the location with the greatest total number of vehicles. [1]
(b) Calculate the mean number of cars recorded per minute at location B. Give your answer to one decimal place. [2]
(c) Describe two differences between the traffic data at locations B and C. [3]
(d) Suggest two improvements to the method that would make this fieldwork enquiry more reliable. [2]
(e) Explain one reason why the data from this single Tuesday morning may not represent usual traffic conditions in the study area. [2]

In northern Kenya, a non-government organisation monitored a drought-resilience project in a pastoral village. Fig. 1 shows the water system installed after several years of unreliable rainfall. Rainwater from a school roof is directed into a covered storage tank. A solar pump then lifts stored water to a raised trough for goats and cattle. Students studying the project were asked to consider both the benefits and limitations of this method.

(a) State the source of energy used by the pump. [1]
(b) Explain one way the water system could improve food security for pastoral households. [2]
(c) Suggest two reasons why this project may not fully solve water shortages during a long drought. [2]

The diagram shows a simplified global supply chain for a mobile phone used by a student in the United Kingdom. Minerals are extracted in several low-income countries, parts are assembled in East Asia and used phones may later be sent to a recycling centre. This case study was used in a school study of globalisation and unequal development. The width of each arrow indicates the movement of materials, products or money.

(a) State the country where the phones are assembled. [1]
(b) Explain one reason why a company may choose to assemble phones in Vietnam rather than in the UK. [2]
(c) Suggest two ways in which consumers can reduce the environmental impact of the supply chain shown in Fig. 1. [2]

A fieldwork team measured beach width at four locations along a resort coast in Barbados. Fig. 1 shows a groyne installed beside one of the measurement sites. The team expected longshore drift to transport sand from west to east. Table 1 gives the width of dry beach measured at low tide, in metres, on either side of the groyne.

(a) State the widest dry beach width shown in Table 1. [1]
(b) Describe the difference in beach width on the two sides of the groyne. [1]
(c) Explain how a groyne affects longshore drift. [2]

Fig. 1 shows equipment used in an urban microclimate study in Birmingham. At six sites, students held a digital thermometer 1.5 metres above the ground for two minutes before recording air temperature. Sites included a tree-lined park, a narrow street between tall buildings and a large car park. Measurements were taken on the same dry afternoon. The students are testing the suggestion that surfaces and building density affect local temperature, rather than simply recording weather conditions.

(a) State the independent variable in this fieldwork enquiry. [1]
(b) State why the thermometer should be held at the same height at every site. [1]
(c) Explain two reasons why the car park may have been warmer than the park. [3]

A school ecology group used the method in Fig. 1 to compare plant cover in a shaded woodland and an open meadow. At each site they placed a 0.5 m quadrat at ten random coordinates, identified the plant species present and estimated percentage cover. The group used the same identification guide and worked in pairs. Their data will be used to test whether light availability is linked to the distribution of bracken and flowering plants in the study area.

(a) State the piece of sampling equipment shown in Fig. 1. [1]
(b) State why random coordinates should be used. [1]
(c) Explain one limitation of estimating percentage plant cover by eye. [1]

The diagram shows a community-led upgrading project in an informal settlement in Accra. Local residents marked locations where drains were blocked, then worked with the city authority to install a surfaced footpath and shared water point. Fig. 1 shows the changes along one narrow lane after the rainy season.

(a) State the type of settlement shown in Fig. 1. [1]
(b) State two benefits of covering the drain. [2]

Fig. 1 is a sketch map made from a drone image of a former dockyard in Liverpool. The land had warehouses and contaminated ground before regeneration began. The city council plans housing, a park and workspaces on the brownfield site, rather than allowing construction on nearby farmland.

(a) State the term used for redevelopment of previously used urban land. [1]
(b) State two advantages of using this dockyard site rather than a greenfield site. [2]