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Question 1 Report
Which Nigerian leader played a significant role in mediating peace talks during the Liberian civil war?
Answer Details
The Nigerian leader who played a significant role in mediating peace talks during the Liberian civil war is Olusegun Obasanjo. Obasanjo served as the President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 and he played a crucial role in bringing an end to the brutal civil war in Liberia.
During his presidency, Obasanjo was known for his commitment to peacekeeping efforts on the African continent. He recognized the need to resolve conflicts and restore stability in Liberia, which had been in a state of chaos and violence for many years.
Obasanjo led diplomatic efforts and engaged in mediation between the warring factions in Liberia. He used his influence and diplomatic skills to negotiate a peace agreement, which eventually led to the end of the civil war in Liberia.
His involvement in the peace talks was significant because Nigeria, as a regional power, played a key role in bringing stability to the West African region. Obasanjo's mediation efforts helped establish a foundation for peace and reconciliation in Liberia, allowing for the country to start rebuilding and moving towards a more peaceful future.
Overall, Olusegun Obasanjo's role in mediating peace talks during the Liberian civil war showcased his leadership, diplomatic abilities, and commitment to resolving conflicts in Africa.
Question 2 Report
Which of the following is not a source of public opinion?
Answer Details
Academic Journals are not a source of public opinion. Public opinion refers to the collective views and attitudes of the general public on various issues. It is usually shaped by multiple factors such as personal experiences, social interactions, and exposure to information.
Opinion polls, social media, and political parties are all sources that can influence or reflect public opinion.
Opinion polls are conducted by organizations to measure the opinions and perspectives of a sample population on specific issues. These polls provide valuable data and insights into the preferences and beliefs of the public.
Social media has become a significant platform for individuals to express their opinions and influence public discourse. People use platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram to share their views, engage in discussions, and influence public opinion through posts, comments, and shares.
Political parties are organizations that represent specific ideologies and positions on various social, economic, and political issues. They actively work to shape public opinion by promoting their ideas, policies, and candidates through campaigns, events, and media.
However, academic journals are not typically considered a source of public opinion. They serve as platforms for scholars and researchers to publish their studies, theories, and findings based on rigorous research and analysis. They often focus on providing evidence-based knowledge in specific fields rather than measuring or shaping public opinion.
Question 3 Report
Which of the following was a significant trade commodity in the pre-colonial Kingdom of Benin?
Answer Details
In the pre-colonial Kingdom of Benin, one of the significant trade commodities was ivory. Ivory refers to the hard, white material obtained from the tusks of certain animals, mainly elephants.
Ivory was highly valued in the Kingdom of Benin and was a major trade item. It was used to create intricate and beautiful sculptures, carvings, and ornaments, which were highly sought after by people across different regions. The skilled artisans and craftsmen of Benin were known for their exceptional carving abilities, and they created stunning works of art using ivory.
The Kingdom of Benin had access to a large supply of ivory, as the region was home to a significant population of elephants. The ivory trade brought wealth and prosperity to the kingdom, as it allowed the Benin people to engage in lucrative trade networks with neighboring regions and even faraway lands.
The demand for ivory was fueled by its rarity, beauty, and durability. It was used for various purposes such as personal adornment, as well as for religious and ceremonial objects. Ivory was also considered a symbol of status and wealth, and it was often used by the ruling elite to demonstrate their power and authority.
Overall, ivory played a vital role in the economy of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Benin, serving as a valuable trade commodity and contributing to the kingdom's cultural and artistic achievements.
Question 4 Report
Which of the following is a characteristic of pressure groups?
Answer Details
A characteristic of pressure groups is that they represent the interest of a specific section of society.
Pressure groups are organizations or associations formed by individuals who have a common goal or interest. These groups seek to influence the government or public opinion in order to bring about change or protect their interests. Unlike political parties, pressure groups do not aim to gain political power or hold office. Their main focus is on advocating for specific issues or causes that are important to their members.
Pressure groups can represent a wide range of interests, such as environmental conservation, human rights, labor rights, consumer protection, and more. They gather resources, raise awareness, and take action to promote their objectives. These groups can be formed by individuals from all sectors of society including businesses, trade unions, non-profit organizations, and community groups.
By representing a specific section of society, pressure groups provide a voice to those who may not have the means to effectively influence government policies on their own. They work to bring attention to the concerns and demands of their members and attempt to influence decision-making processes at various levels of government.
In summary, a key characteristic of pressure groups is that they represent the interest of a specific section of society and work towards promoting and protecting those interests through lobbying, advocacy, and raising public awareness. They play a crucial role in democratic societies by ensuring that diverse perspectives and concerns are taken into consideration in the policy-making process.
Question 5 Report
The arm of government responsible for budget approval and oversight is the
Answer Details
The arm of government responsible for budget approval and oversight is the legislative branch.
The legislative branch is the one that makes laws and regulations for the country. It is typically made up of representatives who are elected by the people. In most countries, this branch is called the parliament or congress.
When it comes to the budget, the legislative branch plays a crucial role. It is responsible for reviewing and approving the government's proposed budget. This means that they have the power to accept, modify, or reject the budget proposal.
Additionally, the legislative branch also has the authority to oversee the implementation of the budget. They ensure that the allocated funds are being used properly and for the intended purposes. They have the power to investigate any misuse or mismanagement of public funds.
By having this responsibility, the legislative branch acts as a check and balance on the executive branch. They ensure that the government's budget is in line with the needs of the country and the will of the people. They guarantee transparency and accountability in the use of public funds.
In conclusion, the legislative branch is the arm of government that has the power of budget approval and oversight. They review, approve, and oversee the implementation of the government's budget to ensure proper use of public funds.
Question 6 Report
Answer Details
In a parliamentary system of government, the head of government is typically the leader of the majority party in the legislature.
In this system, the citizens elect members of parliament or legislators who represent their interests and political parties. The leader of the political party that holds the majority of seats in the legislature becomes the head of government. This person is commonly referred to as the Prime Minister or the Chief Executive.
The head of government is responsible for leading the day-to-day operations of the government, making policy decisions, and implementing laws. This individual is accountable to the legislature and can be removed from power if they lose the support of the majority party or if a vote of no confidence is passed.
The head of government works alongside the head of state, who may be a ceremonial figurehead or have limited powers. The head of state is often a monarch or a president, and their role is primarily symbolic.
Overall, in a parliamentary system of government, the head of government is chosen based on their political party's strength in the legislature, rather than being directly elected by the people or appointed by the judiciary or head of state.
Question 7 Report
Which of the following is a feature of Nigerian Federalism?
Answer Details
Autonomy of local government is a feature of Nigerian Federalism. In Nigeria, the local governments have a certain degree of independence and are empowered to make decisions and implement policies at the local level. This means that they have the authority to manage their own affairs, such as issuing licenses, collecting revenue, and providing basic services to the local communities. The autonomy of local government is an important aspect of Nigerian Federalism because it helps to ensure that power is not concentrated solely at the central government level, but rather distributed among different levels of government. This feature promotes participatory governance, local development, and ensures that decisions are made in the best interest of the local communities.
Question 8 Report
Under General Aguiyi Ironsi, decree 34 introduced the ____ system of government.
Answer Details
Under General Aguiyi Ironsi, decree 34 introduced the unitary system of government.
In a unitary system of government, power is concentrated in the hands of a central authority or government. This means that decisions and policies are made at the national level and then implemented uniformly throughout the entire country. There is little or no autonomy given to regional or local governments.
In the case of General Aguiyi Ironsi and decree 34, the introduction of the unitary system of government was a significant departure from the previous federal system that Nigeria had been operating under. This change aimed to consolidate power under a single central government, with the intention of promoting national unity and cohesion.
However, it is important to note that the adoption of the unitary system under General Aguiyi Ironsi was met with opposition, especially from regions that felt it diminished their autonomy and voice in decision-making. This eventually led to the desire for a return to a federal system, which was realized with the subsequent change in government.
So, in summary, decree 34 introduced the unitary system of government during General Aguiyi Ironsi's leadership.
Question 9 Report
Which of the following is a function of public commissions?
Answer Details
Public commissions are responsible for conducting investigations and enquiries. They are established to investigate matters of public concern and to make recommendations based on their findings. They do not implement foreign policies, enforce criminal laws, or manage public transportation.
Question 10 Report
A key principle of the socialist system of government is the ___________.
Answer Details
A key principle of the socialist system of government is the equality of opportunity and outcome.
In a socialist system, the focus is on creating a society where everyone has equal opportunities to succeed, regardless of their background or circumstances. This means that everyone should have access to quality education, healthcare, and other basic needs, without discrimination or favoritism.
Additionally, socialism aims to achieve equality of outcome by reducing disparities in wealth and income. This means that the government takes steps to ensure that wealth is distributed more evenly among the population. It may do this through progressive taxation, social welfare programs, and policies that promote fair wages and working conditions.
The idea behind this principle is to create a fairer and more just society, where wealth and resources are not concentrated only in the hands of a few elite individuals, but are shared among all members of society. The aim is to reduce poverty, inequality, and discrimination, and to provide a higher standard of living for everyone.
It is important to note that different countries may interpret and implement socialism in different ways, so there can be variations in how these principles are applied. Nonetheless, the core idea of promoting equality of opportunity and outcome remains a fundamental principle of the socialist system.
Question 11 Report
Which political party was known for its socialist ideology and populist policies in the 1980s?
Answer Details
The political party that was known for its socialist ideology and populist policies in the 1980s is the People's Redemption Party (PRP).
The PRP believed in a socialist approach to governance, which means they advocated for a more equal distribution of wealth and resources among the people. They believed that the government should play a key role in providing social services and ensuring that everyone had access to basic necessities like education, healthcare, and housing.
Furthermore, the PRP also implemented populist policies, which means they aimed to appeal to the interests and concerns of the common people. They focused on addressing issues that directly affected the masses, such as poverty, unemployment, and corruption.
By adopting socialist ideology and populist policies, the PRP aimed to create a more equitable society and improve the lives of ordinary Nigerians.
Question 12 Report
Which of the following is a concurrent power in the Nigerian federal system?
Answer Details
In the Nigerian federal system, concurrent powers refer to those powers shared by both the federal government and the state governments. These powers are important to ensure a balance of power between the two levels of government and to address the needs and concerns of the entire country.
Among the options given, Education and Healthcare is a concurrent power in the Nigerian federal system.
Education and healthcare are essential services that affect the lives of citizens across the country. While the federal government has the responsibility to establish certain standards and policies, the state governments also play a significant role in the provision and administration of education and healthcare services.
The federal government sets broad national policies, establishes educational and healthcare standards, and provides overall guidance. However, the state governments have the power to establish and manage educational institutions and healthcare facilities within their respective states.
This division of power allows for local control and decision-making in education and healthcare, while still operating within a framework of national policies and standards.
It is important to note that the other options mentioned are not concurrent powers, but rather fall under the exclusive powers of either the federal government or the state governments.
- Currency and coinage is under the exclusive power of the federal government. It is responsible for issuing and regulating the currency and coinage used in Nigeria. - Foreign affairs and international relations are also under the exclusive power of the federal government. It is responsible for representing Nigeria in international affairs, negotiating treaties, and maintaining diplomatic relations with other countries. - Defense and National security is another exclusive power of the federal government. It is responsible for protecting the country from external threats, military defense, and national security matters.
Therefore, Education and Healthcare is the correct answer as it is a concurrent power in the Nigerian federal system.
Question 13 Report
Public opinion refers to
Answer Details
Public opinion refers to the collective belief, viewpoint, and sentiment held by the majority of individuals in a society or community. It is the shared perception or evaluation of various social, political, economic, or cultural issues that shape the public's stance on different matters.
Public opinion is not restricted to any specific group of people, such as the media, political leaders, or intellectuals, but rather encompasses the thoughts and attitudes of the general population. It is formed through interactions, conversations, and exchanges of ideas among individuals, as well as through exposure to various sources of information.
Public opinion plays a crucial role in shaping decision-making processes in democratic societies. It influences the policies and actions of government officials, the strategies of political campaigns, and even the behavior of companies and organizations. Public opinion can also impact social norms, values, and debates within a society.
Therefore, understanding and analyzing public opinion is important for governments, businesses, and other entities, as it helps inform their decisions and actions. It can be assessed through surveys, polls, social media analysis, and other research methods to gauge and understand the prevailing sentiment among the general public.
Question 14 Report
Judges in the International Court of Justice are appointed for a period of _____ years.
Answer Details
Judges in the International Court of Justice are appointed for a period of nine years.
The International Court of Justice is the main judicial organ of the United Nations. It consists of 15 judges who are elected by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. These judges have to be individuals of high moral character and possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment.
Once elected, judges serve a term of nine years on the Court. This nine-year period ensures a level of continuity while also allowing for regular opportunities for new judges to be elected. After serving their term, judges may be re-elected for subsequent terms if they are re-elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council.
The length of nine years is considered an appropriate period for judges to gain knowledge and experience in international law and contribute effectively to the Court's work. It allows for a reasonable duration of service, ensuring a fair balance between stability and the possibility for renewal within the Court.
Question 15 Report
Which constitution established the Public Service Commission?
Answer Details
The constitution that established the Public Service Commission is the 1979 constitution. This constitution was adopted in Nigeria and it played a crucial role in shaping the governance of the country. The Public Service Commission is an important institution responsible for the recruitment, promotion, and discipline of civil servants in the public sector.
The Public Service Commission was created with the aim of ensuring efficiency, professionalism, and fairness in the public service. It acts as a check and balance mechanism to prevent abuse of power and promote transparency in the recruitment and management of public servants.
Under the 1979 constitution, the Public Service Commission was given the mandate to oversee the affairs of the civil service. It was responsible for ensuring that qualified and competent individuals were appointed to positions in the public service based on merit and without any form of discrimination.
Additionally, the Public Service Commission was responsible for developing and implementing policies and guidelines that govern the conduct of civil servants. It played a key role in promoting a culture of accountability, integrity, and professionalism within the public service.
The establishment of the Public Service Commission under the 1979 constitution was a significant step towards improving the quality of governance in Nigeria. It provided a framework for the fair and efficient management of the public service, which is essential for the successful implementation of government policies and programs.
Therefore, the constitution that established the Public Service Commission is the 1979 constitution. It recognized the importance of a well-functioning civil service and ensured that measures were put in place to uphold the highest standards of professionalism and integrity in the public sector.
Question 16 Report
In a parliamentary system, the head of government is usually the
Answer Details
In a parliamentary system, the head of government is usually the prime minister.
The prime minister is the leader of the political party or coalition that has the majority in the parliament. They are responsible for running the day-to-day affairs of the government and making important decisions.
Unlike a president, who is elected separately from the parliament, the prime minister is chosen by the members of the parliament. This means that the prime minister is accountable to the parliament and can be removed from office if they lose the support of the majority of the members.
The role of the prime minister is crucial in a parliamentary system as they represent the executive branch of government and serve as the main link between the parliament and the monarch or president. They are responsible for proposing and implementing laws, managing the government's policies, and representing the country in international affairs.
Question 17 Report
In a parliamentary system of government, the executive branch is
Answer Details
In a parliamentary system of government, the executive branch is combined with the legislative branch. This means that the executive branch, which includes the head of state or head of government (such as a president or prime minister), is made up of members who are also part of the legislature.
In this system, the executive branch is not separate from the legislative branch. Instead, the executive branch is formed by the majority party or coalition of parties in the legislature. The head of government is usually the leader of the majority party or the leader of the coalition. The executive branch is accountable to the legislature and can be removed from power through a vote of no confidence in the legislature.
The executive branch is responsible for implementing laws, making decisions, and managing the day-to-day affairs of the government. It proposes laws, sets policies, and carries out the functions necessary to run the country. The members of the executive branch are usually elected officials who are chosen by the people through general elections or appointed by the head of government.
In a parliamentary system, the executive branch is not under the control of the judiciary. The judiciary is a separate branch of government that interprets laws and ensures their enforcement. The executive branch is independent from the judiciary and is responsible for enforcing the laws passed by the legislative branch.
To summarize, in a parliamentary system, the executive branch is combined with the legislative branch. It is formed by elected officials who are accountable to the legislature and responsible for implementing laws and governing the country. The executive branch is separate from the judiciary and not elected through popular votes.
Question 18 Report
Pressure groups primarily aim to
Answer Details
Pressure groups primarily aim to influence public opinion through media campaigns.
Pressure groups are organizations or associations that seek to achieve specific goals or influence government policies. They operate outside of formal political institutions, such as political parties or government bodies. One of the main ways they try to achieve their objectives is by influencing public opinion through media campaigns.
These campaigns aim to raise awareness among the general public about specific issues or causes that the pressure group supports or opposes. They use various communication channels, such as newspapers, television, social media, and online platforms, to promote their message and shape public opinion in their favor.
By successfully influencing public opinion, pressure groups can put pressure on policymakers and politicians to take action or change their policies. They believe that by mobilizing public support, they can exert enough influence to persuade those in power to address their concerns or prioritize their interests.
However, it's important to note that pressure groups may also employ other strategies, such as lobbying, protests, or legal action, to achieve their goals. While some pressure groups may have a specific focus on promoting social equality and justice, or gaining political power and control, their primary aim is to influence public opinion through media campaigns to bring about the desired changes.
Question 19 Report
Who amongst the following did not serve as secretary general of the League of nations?
Answer Details
Josip Broz Tito did not serve as the Secretary General of the League of Nations. The League of Nations was an international organization established after World War I to promote cooperation and prevent conflicts between nations. Its Secretary General was responsible for overseeing the organization's activities and promoting its goals. Sean Lester, Joseph Avenol, and Eric Drummond all served as Secretary General of the League of Nations at different times. However, Josip Broz Tito, who was the leader of Yugoslavia from 1943 to 1980, did not hold this position. It is important to note that the League of Nations was dissolved in 1946 and replaced by the United Nations (UN), which is the current international organization responsible for promoting peace, security, and cooperation among nations.
Question 20 Report
In a communist system, who owns and controls the means of production?
Answer Details
In a communist system, the government owns and controls the means of production. This means that all resources, factories, land, and businesses are owned by the state and are operated for the benefit of the entire society, rather than for private profit. The government makes decisions about what will be produced, how it will be produced, and who will receive the products or services. The goal is to distribute resources and wealth evenly among the people, striving for social equality. In this system, there is no private ownership or control by corporations, private individuals, or non-profit organizations. The government plays a central role in the planning and management of the economy to ensure the collective well-being of the society as a whole.
Question 21 Report
The Nigerian constitution guarantees freedom of speech under which fundamental right?
Answer Details
The Nigerian constitution guarantees freedom of speech under the fundamental right to freedom of expression. This means that every individual in Nigeria has the right to express their thoughts, opinions, ideas, and beliefs freely without fear of censorship or punishment. This right ensures that people can openly speak their minds, share information, engage in discussions, criticize the government, and participate in the democratic process. Freedom of speech is essential for a vibrant and inclusive society, allowing individuals to contribute to public debate and hold those in power accountable. However, it is important to note that this right also carries certain responsibilities and limitations to prevent the spread of hate speech, incitement to violence, or false information that may harm others. Overall, freedom of speech is a fundamental right that allows Nigerians to express themselves and participate actively in shaping their society.
Question 22 Report
The Commonwealth of Nations was initially known as
Answer Details
The Commonwealth of Nations was initially known as the British Commonwealth. It was a voluntary association of independent countries, primarily former territories of the British Empire, that had strong historical and constitutional ties to the United Kingdom. This name was chosen because the majority of the member countries were previously under British colonial rule.
The British Commonwealth was established in 1931 with the signing of the Statute of Westminster, which granted greater autonomy and self-governance to the dominions within the British Empire. The purpose of this association was to promote cooperation and friendship among member nations, while respecting their individual sovereignty.
Over time, the name of the organization was changed to the Commonwealth of Nations in 1949 to reflect the changing nature of its membership. The word "British" was dropped to recognize the diverse range of countries that were part of the organization, including those that never had direct colonial ties to Britain.
In summary, the Commonwealth of Nations was initially known as the British Commonwealth because it consisted mainly of countries that were formerly British colonies. The name was later changed to the Commonwealth of Nations to acknowledge the independence and diversity of its member states.
Question 23 Report
The electoral commission that organized the 1979 general elections was
Answer Details
The electoral commission that organized the 1979 general elections in Nigeria was FEDECO which stands for Federal Electoral Commission. FEDECO was responsible for conducting and supervising the elections during that period.
FEDECO was established by the Nigerian government in 1978 to ensure a free and fair electoral process in the country. Its primary role was to register voters, create electoral boundaries, and administer the entire electoral process.
During the 1979 general elections, FEDECO ensured that eligible Nigerians were able to vote for their preferred candidates. This commission played a crucial role in ensuring that the electoral process was transparent and unbiased.
It is worth mentioning that FEDECO was later replaced by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in 1998, which is currently responsible for organizing elections in Nigeria. However, for the specific question regarding the 1979 general elections, the correct answer is FEDECO.
Question 24 Report
The process of selecting candidates to represent a political party in elections is known as
Answer Details
The process of selecting candidates to represent a political party in elections is known as primaries.
During primaries, party members have the opportunity to vote and choose their preferred candidate from a pool of potential candidates within their own party. Primaries are conducted to determine who will ultimately represent the party in the general election.
This process allows party members to have a say in selecting the candidate who will best represent their party's values, policies, and aspirations. It plays a crucial role in ensuring that the candidate chosen by the party aligns with the party's goals and ideology.
Primaries can be open or closed, depending on the rules of each state or political party. In open primaries, any registered voter can participate, regardless of party affiliation. In closed primaries, only registered party members can participate.
Candidates often engage in campaigning and electioneering during the primaries. Campaigning involves various activities such as public speaking, debates, rallies, advertising, and reaching out to potential supporters to gather votes. Electioneering refers to the activities carried out to influence voters and gain their support.
While lobbying also plays a role in the political process, it is not specifically related to the selection of candidates in primaries. Lobbying involves influencing politicians or decision-makers to support a particular cause or policy through various methods, such as persuasion, advocacy, and direct communication.
In conclusion, the process of selecting candidates to represent a political party in elections is known as primaries. It allows party members to actively participate in choosing the candidate who will carry their party's banner in the general election.
Question 25 Report
The Oputa panel was established in Nigeria to
Answer Details
The Oputa Panel was established in Nigeria to investigate human rights abuses during the military rule. It aimed to address the injustices and violations of human rights that occurred under military regimes in Nigeria. The panel was tasked with examining and documenting cases of abuses such as arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial killings, and other violations of human rights that took place during the military era. Its purpose was to provide a platform for victims to share their experiences and seek justice, as well as to promote healing and reconciliation in the nation. The Oputa Panel played a significant role in shedding light on past atrocities and promoting accountability for the violations of human rights.
Question 26 Report
Whom is the current chairperson of ECOWAS?
Answer Details
President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has been elected the chairman of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). He was elected at the 63rd ordinary session of the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government in Bissau, the capital city of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau.
Question 27 Report
Answer Details
The constitutional amendment process in Nigeria requires the approval of The National Assembly.
To understand this, let's break it down:
- The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is responsible for organizing and conducting elections in Nigeria. While it plays a crucial role in ensuring the electoral process is free and fair, it does not have the power to approve constitutional amendments.
- The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body in Nigeria. Its primary function is to interpret the Constitution and settle legal disputes. However, it does not have the authority to approve constitutional amendments.
- The President is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President's role is crucial in the governance of Nigeria, but when it comes to constitutional amendments, the President does not have the power to unilaterally approve them.
On the other hand, the National Assembly is the legislative branch of the Nigerian government, consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The National Assembly has the power to make laws, including amending the Constitution. To amend the Constitution, a bill must be passed by a two-thirds majority vote in each chamber of the National Assembly. This means that both the Senate and the House of Representatives have to approve the proposed amendment before it can become law.
In summary, the approval of constitutional amendments in Nigeria requires the approval of The National Assembly.
Question 28 Report
During the cold war, Nigeria's foreign policy was characterized by
Answer Details
During the Cold War, Nigeria's foreign policy was characterized by Neutrality and non-alignment. This means that Nigeria chose to remain neutral and not align with any major power bloc like the United States or the Soviet Union.
Nigeria adopted a policy of non-alignment, which means it did not take sides in the ongoing rivalry between the two superpowers. Instead, Nigeria sought to maintain its independence and sovereignty by focusing on its own national interests.
This approach allowed Nigeria to pursue its own development goals, without being directly influenced by the policies and agendas of either the United States or the Soviet Union. It also allowed Nigeria to form partnerships and engage in international cooperation with a wide range of countries, regardless of their ideological leanings.
By adopting this stance, Nigeria aimed to promote peace, stability, and economic development within its own borders and across the African continent. This policy also allowed Nigeria to play a constructive role in resolving regional conflicts and promoting diplomatic relations with countries from around the world.
Overall, Nigeria's decision to maintain neutrality and non-alignment during the Cold War reflected its commitment to independent decision-making and its desire to pursue its own national interests without being tied to either of the major power blocs.
Question 29 Report
Answer Details
The main source of funding for public corporations in Nigeria is Government budget allocations. Public corporations are owned and operated by the government, and their operations are funded through the government's budget. This is different from private corporations, which are funded through private investments and revenues generated from their operations.
Question 30 Report
Which document serves as the constitution of the United Nations?
Answer Details
The document that serves as the constitution of the United Nations is the Charter of the United Nations.
The Charter was signed on June 26, 1945, in San Francisco by 50 countries and came into effect on October 24, 1945. It established the United Nations as an international organization committed to preserving peace, promoting human rights, and fostering international cooperation.
The Charter consists of a preamble and 111 articles that outline the organization's objectives, principles, structure, and functions. It sets out the purposes and principles of the United Nations, which include maintaining international peace and security, promoting friendly relations among nations, and encouraging respect for human rights.
The Charter also establishes the main organs of the United Nations, such as the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat. Each organ has specific roles and responsibilities to fulfill in order to achieve the goals set out by the Charter.
In summary, the Charter of the United Nations is the document that serves as the constitution for the UN. It sets out the organization's objectives, principles, structure, and functions, and it plays a crucial role in guiding the work of the United Nations in addressing global challenges and promoting peace and cooperation among nations.
Question 31 Report
The process of decolonization in Nigeria was hugely impacted by
Answer Details
The process of decolonization in Nigeria was hugely impacted by World War II.
During this time, the war had a significant effect on the British Empire, which included Nigeria as a colony. The war created a shifting global power dynamic and weakened the grip of European colonial powers.
World War II led to changes in the international system and an increased focus on national self-determination and independence. The war highlighted the contradictions of European powers preaching freedom and democracy while simultaneously holding colonies in Africa and Asia. It also weakened the economic and military power of European nations, making it difficult for them to maintain control over their colonies.
The war disrupted trade routes and supply chains, causing economic difficulties for colonial powers like Britain. In Nigeria, this resulted in shortages of essential goods and a decline in the living standards of the Nigerian people. These challenges, along with the war's impact on British resources and focus, contributed to the push for independence in Nigeria.
Additionally, World War II saw the emergence of nationalist movements in Nigeria, with groups like the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) and the Action Group (AG) advocating for self-governance and independence. These movements gained momentum and increased popular support during the war, further pressuring the British to grant Nigeria independence.
In summary, the process of decolonization in Nigeria was heavily influenced by World War II as it weakened European colonial powers, highlighted the contradictions of imperialism, and fostered nationalist movements.
Question 32 Report
Without presidential assent, the legislature can pass a bill into law with the votes of ______ majority
Answer Details
In order for a bill to become a law, it needs to be approved by both the legislature and the president. However, there are situations where the president does not give their assent or approval to a bill.
In such cases, the legislature can still pass the bill into law without the president's assent. This is possible with the votes of a certain majority in the legislature.
The correct answer is two-thirds majority.
This means that at least two-thirds of the members present and voting in the legislature need to approve the bill in order for it to become a law without the president's assent.
It is important to note that this applies only in certain countries or systems where the president's assent is not required.
Overall, the two-thirds majority serves as a safeguard to ensure a broad consensus within the legislature before a bill can become a law without the president's approval.
Question 33 Report
Public corporations and parastatals are typically established by
Answer Details
Public corporations and parastatals are typically established by legislative acts and statutes.
Legislative acts and statutes are laws that are passed by a governing body, such as a government or legislative assembly. These laws provide the legal framework for the creation and operation of public corporations and parastatals.
When a legislative act or statute is passed, it outlines the purpose, structure, governance, and responsibilities of the public corporation or parastatal. This ensures that they operate within the legal framework and are accountable to the governing body and the public.
The establishment of public corporations and parastatals through legislative acts has several advantages. Firstly, it allows the government to have control over important sectors of the economy, such as transport, energy, or healthcare, to ensure the provision of essential services to the public. Secondly, it provides a legal basis for the government to provide financial support and regulations to these entities. Lastly, legislative acts and statutes help in ensuring transparency and accountability in the operations of public corporations and parastatals.
In contrast, private corporations are typically established by private individuals or groups for profit-making purposes. Trade unions represent the interests of workers in collective bargaining, while international organizations are formed by multiple countries to address global issues. These entities do not have the same legal basis as public corporations and parastatals, and their establishment is not regulated by legislative acts and statutes.
Question 34 Report
Which Nigerian leader advocated for the New Partnership for Africa's Development(NEPAD)?
Answer Details
Olusegun Obasanjo advocated for the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). NEPAD is an economic development initiative aimed at promoting growth and development in Africa. It focuses on key areas such as good governance, infrastructure development, education, healthcare, and agriculture.
During his presidency from 1999 to 2007, Obasanjo played a pivotal role in championing NEPAD, both within Nigeria and on the continental stage. He believed in the importance of African countries working together to address common challenges and achieve sustainable development. Obasanjo played a key role in mobilizing support for NEPAD among other African leaders and international partners.
NEPAD was officially launched in 2001 and became a framework for African countries to prioritize and implement programs and policies that promote development and poverty reduction. It aims to create an environment conducive to investment and economic growth while improving governance, infrastructure, and human development. NEPAD has been instrumental in promoting African ownership and leadership in the continent's development agenda.
In summary, Olusegun Obasanjo, during his tenure as the President of Nigeria, played a major role in advocating for the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). He championed NEPAD's vision of promoting economic development, good governance, and sustainable growth in Africa.
Question 35 Report
Which of the following is a limitation of pressure groups?
Answer Details
Limitation of pressure groups:
One limitation of pressure groups is that they may prioritize their own interests over the public interest. Pressure groups are organizations or associations that work to promote and protect the interests of a particular section of society. While they can be effective in advocating for specific causes, there is a possibility that they may focus more on advancing the interests of their own members or supporters rather than considering the broader needs and well-being of the general public.
As pressure groups are formed by individuals who share common interests or issues, they may naturally gravitate towards actions and demands that benefit their own constituents. This can lead to a situation where the concerns and demands of certain sections of society are prioritized, while the needs of others may be neglected or overlooked.
Furthermore, pressure groups often have resources and influence that can give them significant power in shaping public opinion and influencing government policies. This can be problematic if the interests they represent are not aligned with the needs and aspirations of the wider population. There is a possibility that pressure groups, particularly those with substantial financial resources, may have greater access to decision-makers and policymakers, thus leading to a disproportionate influence on policy outcomes.
It is important to note, however, that not all pressure groups prioritize their own interests over the public interest. In fact, many pressure groups genuinely strive to work for the betterment of society as a whole. Nevertheless, the potential for some pressure groups to prioritize their own interests remains a limitation that should be taken into consideration.
In conclusion, while pressure groups play an important role in advocating for specific causes and representing the interests of certain sections of society, a limitation is that they may prioritize their own interests over the broader public interest. This highlights the need for transparency, accountability, and a balanced approach to ensure that the concerns of all stakeholders are duly considered and taken into account in the decision-making process.
Question 36 Report
The judiciary checks the other arms of government through
Answer Details
The judiciary checks the other arms of government through judicial review. Judicial review is a process under which executive and legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary. This is a key aspect of the separation of powers.
Question 37 Report
A major event in Nigerian history that led to the suspension of Nigeria's constitution and the declaration of a state of emergency by the colonial authorities in 1953 was the ________.
Answer Details
A major event in Nigerian history that led to the suspension of Nigeria's constitution and the declaration of a state of emergency by the colonial authorities in 1953 was the Action Group Crisis.
The Action Group Crisis refers to a period of political turmoil and infighting within the Action Group party, one of the leading political parties in Nigeria at that time. The Action Group was founded by Chief Obafemi Awolowo and played a significant role in the struggle for Nigerian independence.
However, in 1953, internal divisions and power struggles within the party reached a boiling point. There were disagreements between Chief Awolowo, the leader of the party, and Samuel Ladoke Akintola, the deputy leader, over control of the party and its direction.
These disagreements led to violent clashes between supporters of Awolowo and Akintola, resulting in widespread unrest and chaos in the western region of Nigeria where the Action Group was primarily based.
The colonial authorities, alarmed by the escalating violence and the potential threat to law and order, decided to intervene. They suspended Nigeria's constitution and declared a state of emergency in order to restore peace and stability.
The declaration of a state of emergency meant that the colonial authorities took direct control of the administration of the western region, temporarily removing the powers of the elected officials.
This major event in Nigerian history had far-reaching consequences. It escalated tensions between different political and ethnic groups in the country, and ultimately had a negative impact on the progress towards independence.
Overall, the Action Group Crisis in 1953 was a significant event that led to the suspension of Nigeria's constitution and the declaration of a state of emergency by the colonial authorities, as they sought to restore peace and stability amidst political turmoil and violence.
Question 38 Report
The zoning system in Nigerian politics refers to
Answer Details
The zoning system in Nigerian politics refers to the rotation of power among different regions. This means that political power is deliberately and systematically rotated among the various regions of Nigeria.
Under the zoning system, the presidency, as well as other key political positions, are rotated amongst the different regions of the country. This is done to ensure fairness, inclusivity, and to prevent any one region from dominating or monopolizing political power.
The system recognizes that Nigeria is a diverse country with different ethnic groups and regions, each with its own unique interests and challenges. By rotating power, it ensures that all regions have an opportunity to govern and contribute to the development of the nation.
This practice helps to promote a sense of unity, equity, and balance in Nigerian politics. It allows for different regions to have a chance to participate in governance and have their voices heard. The zoning system is usually implemented within political parties and is a way to promote internal democracy and prevent power struggles within the party.
It is important to note that the zoning system does not guarantee that every region will have a fair share of political power. It is dependent on the political will of parties and individuals to uphold the practice. However, the goal is to create a more inclusive political system that takes into account the diversity of Nigeria's regions.
Question 39 Report
When there is an election fails to produce a clear winner, the process of determining a winner is called
Answer Details
When an election fails to produce a clear winner, the process of determining a winner is called a re-run election.
In a regular election, the candidate who receives the most votes or a majority of votes is declared the winner. However, in some cases, none of the candidates are able to secure enough votes to be declared the winner. This can happen if there are multiple candidates and the votes are distributed among them fairly evenly.
In such a scenario, a re-run election is conducted. This means that the election is held again, allowing the voters to cast their votes once more. The purpose of a re-run election is to give the voters another chance to choose a clear winner.
During a re-run election, the same candidates who participated in the original election typically compete again. However, in some cases, new candidates may also join the race. The re-run election follows a similar process as the original election, with the voters casting their votes and the results being tabulated to determine the winner.
The goal of a re-run election is to ensure that the democratic process is fair and that a clear winner is chosen based on the will of the people. It provides an opportunity for voters to reconsider their choices and potentially change the outcome of the election.
It is important to note that a re-run election is different from other terms mentioned. A recall is a process where voters can remove an elected official from office before their term is complete. A bye-election is held to fill a vacant seat in a legislative body. A referendum is a direct vote by the electorate on a specific issue or proposal.
In summary, when an election fails to produce a clear winner, the process of determining a winner is called a re-run election. It gives the voters another opportunity to choose a candidate who can secure enough votes to be declared the winner.
Question 40 Report
Which institution is responsible for the regulation and supervision of capital markets in Nigeria?
Answer Details
The institution responsible for the regulation and supervision of capital markets in Nigeria is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
SEC is a government agency that was established in 1979 and has the mandate to regulate and develop the Nigerian capital market. Its primary goal is to protect investors and maintain fair and efficient operations in the market.
SEC carries out its responsibilities through various functions, including:
1. Regulation: SEC regulates capital market activities by setting rules and regulations that govern the conduct of market participants. These regulations cover areas such as the registration of market operators, disclosure requirements for listed companies, insider trading, and market manipulation.
2. Supervision: SEC monitors the activities of market operators to ensure compliance with the regulations. It conducts inspections, audits, and investigations to detect and prevent any misconduct or violation of the rules. This helps to maintain the integrity and stability of the capital market.
3. Licensing: SEC is responsible for granting licenses to market intermediaries such as stockbrokers, investment advisers, and fund managers. It ensures that these intermediaries meet certain standards of professionalism and competence before they can operate in the market.
4. Investor Protection: SEC is dedicated to protecting the interests of investors. It educates and sensitizes investors on their rights and the risks associated with investing in the capital market. SEC also provides a platform for investors to lodge complaints and seek redress in case of disputes.
In summary, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the institution entrusted with the responsibility of regulating and supervising the capital markets in Nigeria. It plays a crucial role in maintaining a fair, transparent, and efficient market environment, ensuring investor protection, and promoting the growth and development of the Nigerian capital market.
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