JAMB UTME - Geography - 2021
Question 1 Report
One of the following is not a problem involved in harnessing solar energy?
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Question 4 Report
Nigeria is located between longitudes
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Nigeria is located between longitudes 3°E and 15°E. Longitude is a measure of distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, which is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. The Prime Meridian has a longitude of 0°, and all other longitudes are measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. Nigeria is located in West Africa, and its easternmost point is about 3°E, while its westernmost point is about 15°E. Therefore, Nigeria is located between longitudes 3°E and 15°E.
Question 5 Report
Nigeria's major export commodity is
Answer Details
Nigeria's major export commodity is petroleum, also known as crude oil. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. It is a valuable resource that is used in a wide range of applications, including transportation, power generation, and manufacturing. In Nigeria, petroleum was discovered in the 1950s, and it has since become the country's major export commodity, accounting for a significant portion of the country's revenue. Nigeria is one of the largest oil producers in Africa and one of the top oil exporters in the world. The oil industry has had a significant impact on Nigeria's economy, providing employment opportunities and contributing to the country's economic growth. However, there have also been concerns about the environmental impact of oil exploration and the management of the revenue generated from the industry. In summary, Nigeria's major export commodity is petroleum, which is a valuable resource used in various industries. The discovery and production of oil have had a significant impact on Nigeria's economy, but there are also challenges and concerns associated with the industry.
Question 6 Report
A major percentage of the world's exports of citrus fruits is from the
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A major percentage of the world's exports of citrus fruits comes from the Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean region, which includes countries such as Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey, has a warm and sunny climate that is ideal for growing citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits. These fruits are widely cultivated in the region, and a large portion of the production is exported to other countries. This region has long been known for its fertile soils and favorable growing conditions, making it one of the major citrus-producing areas in the world. In addition, the Mediterranean region has a long history of citrus cultivation and a strong tradition of producing high-quality fruit. So, while citrus fruits can be grown in other regions such as the tropical and cool temperate regions, the Mediterranean region remains the largest exporter of these fruits.
Question 7 Report
The correct arrangement of the layers of the earth crust from the surface to the interior is
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The correct arrangement of the layers of the earth's crust from the surface to the interior is "sial, sima, mantle, and core." The outermost layer of the earth is called the crust, which is divided into two types: the continental crust and the oceanic crust. The continental crust is made up of a type of rock called "sial," which stands for "silicon" and "aluminum." This layer is relatively thicker and less dense than the oceanic crust. The oceanic crust, on the other hand, is made up of a type of rock called "sima," which stands for "silicon" and "magnesium." This layer is relatively thinner and denser than the continental crust. Beneath the crust is the mantle, which is made up of solid, dense rock. The mantle is the thickest layer of the earth and is responsible for convection currents that drive plate tectonics. The temperature and pressure in the mantle increase with depth. Finally, the core of the earth is located at the center of the planet and is made up of two parts: the outer core and the inner core. The outer core is made up of liquid iron and nickel, while the inner core is made up of solid iron and nickel. The core is the hottest and densest part of the planet, and it is responsible for generating the earth's magnetic field. In summary, the correct arrangement of the layers of the earth's crust from the surface to the interior is sial, sima, mantle, and core.
Question 9 Report
Use the map below to answer this question above
What is the feature labelled K on the map is
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Question 10 Report
The tourist centre of Ogbunike care is located near
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The correct answer is "Onitsha in Anambra state." Ogbunike Cave is a popular tourist destination in Nigeria, known for its beautiful natural caves and rock formations. It is located in Ogbunike, a small town in Anambra state, in the southeastern part of the country. Onitsha, which is one of the largest cities in Anambra state, is located just a few kilometers from Ogbunike and is the closest major city to the Ogbunike Cave tourist center. The town of Ogbunike can be accessed via the Onitsha-Owerri expressway, and the cave is only a short distance from the town center. Therefore, the correct answer is "Onitsha in Anambra state" since it is the nearest major city to the tourist center of Ogbunike Cave.
Question 11 Report
In Nigeria, which of the following vegetation zones is best known for timber exploitation?
Answer Details
The vegetation zone in Nigeria that is best known for timber exploitation is the rain forest. The rain forest is a vegetation zone characterized by a dense growth of tall trees and high rainfall, which is conducive to the growth of large trees suitable for timber production. This type of vegetation is found in the southern part of Nigeria, particularly in states such as Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Rivers, and Delta. In these areas, there are many timber companies that engage in the logging and processing of timber from the rain forest. The timber industry is an important sector of the Nigerian economy, as timber is used for a variety of purposes such as construction, furniture making, and paper production. However, it is important to note that unsustainable logging practices can lead to deforestation and habitat loss, which can have negative impacts on biodiversity and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is important to ensure that logging activities are carried out in a sustainable manner, with measures taken to preserve the forest and its biodiversity for future generations.
Question 12 Report
Which of the following is not caused by the earth's rotation?
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Seasonal changes are not caused by the earth's rotation. The earth's rotation is responsible for causing day and night, as the rotation of the earth on its axis causes the sun to appear to rise and set each day. It is also responsible for the deflection of winds and ocean currents. Seasonal changes, on the other hand, are caused by the tilt of the earth's axis as it revolves around the sun. The earth's axis is tilted at an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees, which causes different parts of the earth to receive different amounts of solar radiation as the earth orbits the sun. This results in the changes in temperature and weather patterns that we experience as the seasons. In summary, seasonal changes are not caused by the earth's rotation, but rather by the earth's tilt as it orbits the sun. The earth's rotation, however, does cause day and night and the deflection of winds and ocean currents.
Question 13 Report
Which of the following tourist centres is wrongly paired?
Answer Details
The tourist center that is wrongly paired in the given options is "Eiffel Tower - Germany." The correct country for the Eiffel Tower is France, not Germany. The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is one of the most recognizable structures in the world and is a symbol of Paris and France. It was constructed between 1887 and 1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, and it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most visited tourist attractions in the world. Therefore, the correct pairing for the Eiffel Tower is France, not Germany.
Question 15 Report
If the scale of two maps are (a;1:100,000 and b;1:400,000) what is the ground distance if the distance between two towns on the maps is 10cm
Answer Details
To determine the ground distance between the two towns on the map, we need to use the scale of the map. The scale tells us how many units of distance on the map (in this case, centimeters) correspond to one unit of ground distance (in this case, kilometers). For map a with a scale of 1:100,000, 1 centimeter on the map represents 100,000 centimeters or 1 kilometer on the ground. Therefore, 10 centimeters on the map represents 10 x 1 kilometer = 10 kilometers on the ground. For map b with a scale of 1:400,000, 1 centimeter on the map represents 400,000 centimeters or 4 kilometers on the ground. Therefore, 10 centimeters on the map represents 10 x 4 kilometers = 40 kilometers on the ground. So the correct answer is 10km, 40km.
Question 17 Report
If the scale of a map is 2cm to 1km, what is the ground distance if the distance between two towns on the map is 20cm
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If the scale of a map is 2cm to 1km, it means that for every 2 centimeters on the map, there is a real-world distance of 1 kilometer. To find the ground distance between two towns on the map, we need to convert the distance on the map into a real-world distance. If the distance between the two towns on the map is 20cm, we can start by calculating how many kilometers it represents in the real world. Since the scale is 2cm to 1km, we can divide the distance on the map by 2 to get the real-world distance: 20 cm / 2 = 10 km Therefore, the ground distance between the two towns is 10 kilometers. So the answer is: 10km.
Question 18 Report
_______ is defined as the total surrounding or medium of any organism in a given area
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The term that is defined as the total surrounding or medium of any organism in a given area is "environment". Environment refers to the sum total of all biotic and abiotic factors that affect an organism in a given area. Biotic components refer to all living organisms in an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. Abiotic components, on the other hand, refer to all non-living factors, such as water, air, sunlight, temperature, soil, and minerals, that affect living organisms. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms, along with their non-living environment, that interact with each other. Therefore, an ecosystem is made up of both biotic and abiotic components, and it is a specific unit of the environment that can be studied as a distinct entity.
Question 19 Report
Which of the following towns is not a precolonial town
Answer Details
Enugu is not a precolonial town. Precolonial refers to the time period before the colonization of a particular area or region by European powers. In Nigeria, many towns and cities existed before the arrival of the Europeans, and these are referred to as precolonial towns. Ilorin, Bida, and Ibadan are all precolonial towns in Nigeria. They existed as independent kingdoms and city-states with their own unique cultures, traditions, and forms of governance long before the arrival of the Europeans. Enugu, on the other hand, was not a precolonial town. The town was founded in the early 20th century by the British colonial authorities as a coal mining settlement. While there were some settlements and villages in the area before the arrival of the British, Enugu did not exist as a town or city with a defined political and social structure until it was established by the colonial authorities.
Question 20 Report
Which of the following farming activity best describes the rearing of only animals like cattle, sheep and goat mainly in the savanna belt of the north?
Answer Details
Pastoral farming best describes the rearing of only animals like cattle, sheep, and goat mainly in the savanna belt of the north. Pastoral farming is a type of agricultural activity that involves the rearing of domesticated animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, in an extensive system, where the animals are allowed to roam freely over large areas of land. Pastoral farming is often practiced in regions with large areas of grassland, such as the savanna belt in the north of Nigeria, where the animals are able to find enough food and water to sustain themselves. Intensive farming, on the other hand, is a type of agricultural activity that involves the intensive use of inputs, such as land, labor, and capital, to maximize production. Intensive farming is often practiced in regions with high population densities and limited land resources. Animal farming is a general term that can refer to any type of farming that involves the rearing of animals, including both pastoral and intensive farming. Mixed farming is a type of agricultural activity that involves the simultaneous production of crops and livestock, often on the same piece of land.
Question 21 Report
The outer structure of the earth is made up of the following except?
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Question 22 Report
The best solution to the rapid depletion of forest resources in West Africa is to
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The best solution to the rapid depletion of forest resources in West Africa is to introduce forest conservation techniques. This approach involves implementing sustainable practices that protect the natural environment and enable communities to benefit from the forest resources without damaging them. It includes measures such as reducing deforestation, promoting reforestation, and enforcing laws against illegal logging and other harmful activities. Reserving hectares of land for plantations may not be a sustainable solution, as it can lead to monoculture and may not provide the same benefits as natural forests. Importing wood from other countries may exacerbate the problem, as it encourages overconsumption and does not address the underlying issues of deforestation. Employing more forest guards can help deter illegal activities, but it may not be enough without also implementing conservation techniques. Therefore, implementing forest conservation techniques is the best solution as it promotes the sustainable use of forest resources while protecting the natural environment and supporting local communities.
Question 23 Report
An important mineral deposit in south Africa which has attracted a large number of white settler is
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Question 24 Report
The following are volcanic mountains except
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Monadnock of the USA is not a volcanic mountain. Volcanic mountains are formed when molten rock (magma) rises to the surface and erupts, building up layer upon layer of solidified rock and ash. Some examples of well-known volcanic mountains include Cotopaxi in Ecuador, Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount Merapi in Sumatra. Monadnock, on the other hand, is a type of mountain called a monadnock or inselberg, which means "island mountain." These are isolated hills or mountains that rise abruptly from surrounding flat or gently sloping terrain and are often made of hard, resistant rock that has not been worn away by erosion. Monadnock is a monadnock and was formed through the uplift of a large mass of rock and the subsequent erosion of the surrounding land.
Question 25 Report
River regime is best described as the
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River regime is best described as the seasonal variation in the volume of water in a river. It refers to the pattern of the flow of water in a river over the course of a year, which is affected by changes in temperature, precipitation, and other factors. The river regime describes the variations in the discharge, or the amount of water flowing in the river, over time. This variation can be influenced by several factors, such as the amount and timing of rainfall, the amount of snowmelt, and the presence of dams or other structures that regulate the flow of the river. In some regions, rivers have a well-defined regime with distinct seasons of high and low water, while in other regions, the regime may be less predictable due to more erratic weather patterns. Understanding the river regime is important for managing water resources, predicting floods, and maintaining ecosystems that depend on the natural flow of rivers.
Question 26 Report
Which of the following countries is located in North Africa.
Answer Details
Algeria is located in North Africa. North Africa is a region of the African continent that includes several countries such as Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Sahara Desert to the south. Zaire, also known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is located in Central Africa. Rwanda is located in East Africa. Namibia is located in Southern Africa. Therefore, the correct answer is Algeria.
Question 27 Report
On maps, lines drawn to join all places in the ocean having equal degree of salinity are called
Answer Details
On maps, lines drawn to join all places in the ocean having equal degree of salinity are called isohalines. Isohalines are similar to contour lines on topographic maps that join all points of equal elevation. However, instead of elevation, isohalines connect all points on a map that have the same salinity in the ocean. Ocean salinity is a measure of the amount of salt dissolved in a given amount of seawater. The salinity of ocean water varies depending on several factors, such as temperature, evaporation, and precipitation. By drawing isohalines on maps, scientists can visualize the patterns of salinity distribution in the ocean and study how it changes over time. The term "isohaline" comes from the Greek word "iso" meaning equal and "haline" meaning salt, so it literally means "equal salt."
Question 30 Report
A line joining all points of equal salinity is an
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A line joining all points of equal salinity is an isohaline. In simpler terms, salinity refers to the amount of salt in water, and an isohaline is a line on a map that connects all the points in a body of water that have the same level of salinity. So, if you were to take a water sample at each point along an isohaline, you would find that they all have the same amount of salt in them. Isohalines are important in oceanography and marine biology because changes in salinity can affect the behavior and distribution of marine organisms, as well as ocean currents and other physical processes.
Question 31 Report
Which of the following zones is the least industrialized in Nigeria?
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Question 32 Report
In a combined maximum and minimum thermometer, the difference between the hottest and coldest daily temperature for that day gives the
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The difference between the hottest and coldest daily temperature for a particular day is called the diurnal range of temperature. A combined maximum and minimum thermometer records both the highest and lowest temperatures that occur during a given period, typically a day. The highest temperature recorded is the maximum daily temperature, and the lowest temperature recorded is the minimum daily temperature. The diurnal range of temperature is the difference between these two values, indicating how much the temperature fluctuated over the course of the day. For example, if the highest temperature recorded was 30 degrees Celsius and the lowest temperature recorded was 15 degrees Celsius, then the diurnal range of temperature for that day would be 15 degrees Celsius.
Question 33 Report
Kossou Dam is located on River
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Kossou Dam is located on the Bandama River. The Bandama River is a major river in Ivory Coast, located in West Africa. The Kossou Dam is one of the largest dams on this river, and it is an important source of hydroelectric power for the country. The dam was built in the 1960s and is located about 60 kilometers north of the city of Yamoussoukro. The Bandama River is approximately 800 kilometers long and is the longest river entirely within Ivory Coast. It is an important source of water for irrigation and other agricultural activities, and it is also an important transportation route for goods and people. The Kossou Dam was built to harness the power of the Bandama River and generate electricity for the country. The dam has a capacity of 174 megawatts and is able to supply power to much of the country. In addition to generating electricity, the dam also helps to control flooding in the area and provides water for irrigation and other purposes. In summary, the Kossou Dam is located on the Bandama River in Ivory Coast. The Bandama River is an important source of water for irrigation and transportation, and the dam is an important source of hydroelectric power for the country.
Question 34 Report
Geo-referencing in GIS is referred to as
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Geo-referencing in GIS is the process of assigning spatial locations (coordinates) to a dataset, such as an image, map, or survey data, so that it can be viewed, analyzed, and compared with other spatial datasets. The main objective of geo-referencing is to integrate datasets from different sources that have different coordinate systems, projections, and scales into a common reference framework. This enables users to overlay, compare, and analyze different spatial datasets accurately and effectively. Geo-referencing involves aligning the data to a known reference system, such as a map or satellite imagery, and assigning a spatial location to each data point. This process involves identifying control points, which are specific locations that appear in both the data and the reference system, and using them to determine the transformation that is needed to align the data with the reference system. Once the data has been geo-referenced, it can be used for data acquisition, data management, manipulation, and analysis in GIS. Geo-referenced datasets can be used for a wide range of applications, including natural resource management, urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster management.
Question 35 Report
The dam which is not used in the gezira is the
Answer Details
None of the options provided, including A swan, are a dam in the Gezira region of Sudan. However, among the major dams in Sudan, the one that is not located in Gezira is the Jebel Azulia Dam. This dam is located on the Blue Nile in the Northern state of Sudan, about 25 kilometers north of the capital city of Khartoum. The Gezira region of Sudan is known for its large irrigation scheme, which utilizes water from the Blue Nile to cultivate various crops. The region has two major dams that are used for irrigation, namely the Sennar and Roseires dams. Therefore, if the question specifically refers to dams in the Gezira region, the answer would be either Sennar or Roseires.
Question 36 Report
Which of the following is not an element of climate
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Attitude is not an element of climate. Climate refers to the long-term patterns of temperature, precipitation, wind, and air pressure in a particular area. Attitude refers to a person's feelings or opinions about something, and does not relate to the physical characteristics of the climate.
Question 38 Report
Which of the following is a sedimentary rock.
Answer Details
Shale is a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sediment, such as dead plants and animals, sand, or mud, that have been compacted and cemented together over time. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compression of clay and silt. It is usually dark in color and can be easily split into thin layers. Marble, on the other hand, is a metamorphic rock, which means it was formed from the alteration of an existing rock, often through heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It is a dense, crystalline rock that is prized for its beauty and used in construction and sculpture. Graphite is a naturally occurring form of carbon and is not a rock. Schist is a metamorphic rock that forms from the alteration of existing rocks, often through heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It is characterized by its foliated texture, with flat, sheet-like minerals that are aligned in a particular direction.
Question 39 Report
The coastal regions of Sierra leonne record an annual rainfall of over
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The coastal regions of Sierra Leone record an annual rainfall of over 4,000 mm. Sierra Leone is a country located in West Africa, and its climate is generally tropical, with high temperatures and high humidity. The amount of rainfall that a place receives is determined by a number of factors, including its location and topography. The coastal regions of Sierra Leone are characterized by a dense forest and a humid climate, which is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. The prevailing winds from the ocean bring moisture and result in high levels of rainfall. This region receives an annual rainfall of over 4,000 mm, which is one of the highest levels of rainfall in the world. The high rainfall is beneficial for agriculture, as it provides the necessary moisture for crops to grow. However, it can also result in flooding and landslides, which can be hazardous for the people living in the region. In summary, the coastal regions of Sierra Leone receive an annual rainfall of over 4,000 mm, which is a result of the region's location and its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean.
Question 40 Report
The following are seaports used in the North Atlantic sea route except
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