JAMB UTME - Government - 2018

Unicameral legislatures are popular in

Answer Details

Unicameral legislatures are most popular in countries that have a unitary system of government. A unitary system is a type of government where power is centralized in a single governing body, with lower levels of government, such as provinces or states, having little autonomy. In this type of system, a unicameral legislature, which means a legislature with only one chamber or house, is often sufficient to represent the entire population and make decisions on their behalf. On the other hand, in a federal system of government, power is divided between a central government and multiple regional or state governments, which means a bicameral (two-chamber) legislature is often used to represent the different levels of government. In a confederal system, power is even more decentralized, with individual states or regions having more autonomy than in a federal system, which means a unicameral legislature may not be able to adequately represent the interests of all the states or regions. Lastly, the use of a unicameral legislature is not related to the rigidity or flexibility of a government system, but rather to the degree of centralization and autonomy of the lower levels of government.

A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous is a

Answer Details

A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous can be referred to as a nation. A nation is a group of people who share a common culture, history, language, and often a common ancestry. They feel a sense of belonging and identity with one another, and consider themselves to be part of the same community. It's important to note that the term "nation" is often used interchangeably with "country," but they are not exactly the same thing. A country is a political entity with defined borders and a government, while a nation is a cultural and ethnic community.

Nigeria’s membership of the ECOWAS is informed by her desire to___________

Answer Details

In pursuing the goal of regional economic cooperation and development, Nigeria helped create ECOWAS, which seeks to harmonise trade and investment practices for its 16 West African member countries and ultimately to achieve a full customs union.

In the old Oyo empire, the Ajele

Answer Details

In the old Oyo empire, the Ajele were responsible for ensuring the good governance of the district and ensuring the safety of the trade routes. They were not responsible for mobilizing the army or being the head of the army. The Ajele were appointed by the Alaafin (the king of the Oyo empire) to serve as his representatives in the provinces. They were responsible for overseeing the administration of the district, including the collection of taxes, settling disputes, and maintaining law and order. They were also responsible for protecting the trade routes within their district, which were crucial for the economic well-being of the empire. The Ajele played an important role in maintaining the stability and prosperity of the Oyo empire.

An important aspect of an unwritten constitution is that it

Answer Details

An unwritten constitution is a constitution not embodied in a single document but based chiefly on custom and precedent as expressed in statutes and judicial decisions. It means that a state or country does not have a single written law functioning as a constitution. In such states, the customs and values, which are expressed in statutes provide the organic and fundamental law of such state.

Nigeria is a member of____________

Answer Details

Nigeria is a member of ECOWAS, the OAU (now known as the African Union), and the UNO (now known as the United Nations). ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) is a regional organization consisting of 15 West African countries, with a mandate to promote economic integration and development in the region. Nigeria is one of the founding members of ECOWAS, and it plays a significant role in the organization's affairs. The OAU (Organization of African Unity) was established in 1963 to promote unity and solidarity among African states and to work towards the decolonization of the continent. The OAU has since been replaced by the African Union, which is a similar organization with a broader mandate. Nigeria was one of the founding members of the OAU and continues to be an active member of the African Union. The UNO (United Nations Organization) is an international organization established in 1945 to promote international cooperation and maintain international peace and security. Nigeria is a member of the UN and has been actively involved in its affairs since gaining independence in 1960. Nigeria is not a member of NATO, the Commonwealth of Nations, or the OAS (Organization of American States). It is, however, a member of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), which is a group of 13 oil-producing countries that coordinate their petroleum policies to stabilize oil markets and ensure a regular supply of petroleum to consumers.

The first Head of Government in Nigeria after independence was__________

Answer Details

The first Head of Government in Nigeria after independence was Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. He was a Nigerian statesman who was a key figure in Nigeria's struggle for independence from Britain and was the country's first prime minister after independence was achieved in 1960. Balewa was a charismatic and influential leader who played a key role in shaping the course of Nigeria's early years as an independent nation. He worked to build a strong and united Nigeria, and his leadership helped to lay the foundation for the country's continued growth and development.

A bye-law is made by

Answer Details

A bye-law is made by the local government. Bye-laws are a set of rules and regulations that are made to govern a specific area or community, such as a town, city, or village. These rules are created by the local government, which is the body responsible for managing and administering the affairs of the local community. Local government refers to the elected officials and administrative staff who are responsible for making decisions and implementing policies at the local level. This can include city councils, municipal corporations, or other similar bodies. These officials are elected by the people who live in the area they represent, and they are responsible for creating and enforcing the bye-laws that govern the community. So, if you want to know who makes bye-laws, the answer is the local government.

Citizenship of a state by descent requires that ___________

Answer Details

Citizenship of a state by descent requires that one's parents or ancestors were citizens of that state. This means that if a person's parent or grandparent was a citizen of the state, then that person may be eligible to apply for citizenship by descent. Simply being born or bred in the state or being domiciled in that state does not automatically confer citizenship by descent. It is the lineage or ancestry that determines one's eligibility for citizenship by descent.

Bicameral legislatures are popular in____________

Answer Details

Bicameral legislatures are most commonly found in countries with a federal system of government. In a federal system, power is divided between a central government and regional governments, such as states or provinces. The two chambers of a bicameral legislature often have different functions and may represent different constituencies. For example, in the United States, the Senate represents the interests of the states, while the House of Representatives represents the interests of the people. This allows for a balance of power and helps to ensure that different perspectives are taken into account when making laws. Bicameral legislatures can also be found in some unitary systems, where power is concentrated in a central government but regional governments still have some authority. However, this is less common than in federal systems. Bicameral legislatures are not typically found in confederal systems, where power is held primarily by regional governments. Finally, whether a system is rigid or flexible is not directly related to the presence of a bicameral legislature. A rigid system generally refers to a constitution that is difficult to change, while a flexible system allows for easier changes to the constitution.

One major achievement of the Clifford constitution was _________

Answer Details

The Clifford Constitution of 1922 disposed the Nigerian Council of Lord Lugard (1914) and set up a new legislative council for the Southern Protectorate. The membership of the Clifford legislative council was 46. Twenty- seven out of the 46 members were officials while 19 were unofficial members. Ten out of the 19 unofficial members were Nigerians and out of the 10 unofficial Nigerians, 4 were elected, 3 from Lagos and 1 from Calabar. The remaining six were appointed by the governor.

The major difference between a state and a nation is that the latter presupposes a _______

Answer Details

The major difference between a state and a nation is that the latter presupposes a homogeneous population. A state is an organized political entity with a defined territory, a government, and a population. On the other hand, a nation is a group of people who share common cultural, linguistic, or historical characteristics. A nation may or may not have a defined territory, a government, or a state. The key characteristic that distinguishes a nation from a state is the homogeneity of its population. A nation is typically composed of people who share a common language, history, religion, or cultural heritage. In contrast, a state may have a diverse population with different languages, religions, or cultures. For example, the United States is a state with a diverse population, including people of different races, religions, and ethnic backgrounds. In contrast, Japan is a nation with a relatively homogeneous population that shares a common language, culture, and history. Therefore, the concept of a nation presupposes a homogeneous population, whereas a state may or may not have a homogeneous population.

In 1991, the African Economic Community Treaty was signed in

Answer Details

The African Economic Community (AEC) is an organization of African Union states establishing grounds for mutual economic development among the majority of African states. The AEC founded through the Abuja Treaty, signed in 1991 and entered into force in 1994 is envisioned to be created in six stages:
- (to be completed in 1999) Creation of regional blocs in regions where such do not yet exist
- (to be completed in 2007) Strengthening of intra-REC integration and inter-REC harmonisation
- (to be completed in 2017) Establishing of a free trade area and customs union in each regional bloc
- (to be completed in 2019) Establishing of a continent-wide customs union (and thus also a free trade area)
- (to be completed in 2023) Establishing of a continent-wide African Common Market (ACM)
- (to be completed in 2028) Establishing of a continent-wide economic and monetary union (and thus also a currency union) and Parliament

The institutions which constitute the main organs of the government of a nation are the ___________

Answer Details

The institutions which constitute the main organs of the government of a nation are the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The legislature is responsible for making laws, which are then implemented by the executive branch. The executive branch, which is led by the head of government (e.g. president, prime minister), is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws, as well as managing the day-to-day affairs of the state. The judiciary, which is typically independent of the other branches, interprets the law and ensures that it is applied fairly and consistently. In this way, the three branches of government work together to ensure that the state functions effectively and that the rights and interests of its citizens are protected. While the civil service and the senate may be important institutions in some countries, they are not the main organs of government in a nation, as they do not have the same level of responsibility and authority as the legislature, executive, and judiciary.

The goal of the theory of separation of powers is to

Answer Details

The goal of the theory of separation of powers is to protect individual liberty by dividing the powers of government into three branches - legislative, executive, and judiciary - each with separate and distinct functions. This separation ensures that no one branch has too much power or authority, and that each branch serves as a check and balance on the others. By limiting the power of each branch and preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful, the separation of powers helps to safeguard against tyranny and ensure that the government is accountable to the people it serves.

The Premier of Western region immediately after Independence was ______

Answer Details

<p>Nigeria became independent on 1st October 1960 and became a republic on 1 October 1963. On 16 January 1966 a military coup brought Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi to power, terminating the first period of democratic rule. During this period an appointed governor was nominal head of state while an elected premier led the government.<br><br>
The Premier of Western region immediately after Independence was <strong>Chief Samuel Ladoke Akintola</strong></p>

A political manifesto is a document which outlines__________

Answer Details

A political manifesto is a document which outlines a political party's programme, their goals, objectives and plans for the future if they were to be elected into power. It includes their policy positions on various issues such as the economy, education, health care, national security, and social welfare. Essentially, a manifesto is a public statement of a political party's intentions and priorities, and it is used to communicate their ideas and policies to voters before an election. The purpose of a political manifesto is to provide a clear and concise outline of what a political party stands for, and what they plan to achieve if elected, so that voters can make an informed choice at the ballot box.

In 1993, Nigerian troops were on peace-keeping assignment to

Answer Details

In 1993, Nigerian troops were on a peace-keeping assignment to Liberia and Somalia. Peacekeeping missions are operations undertaken by the United Nations (UN) to maintain peace and security in countries or regions where conflict has occurred. Nigeria, as a member of the UN, contributed its military personnel to support these missions. Liberia was in the midst of a brutal civil war that had started in 1989 and continued until 2003. The Nigerian troops, along with troops from other countries, were deployed to Liberia in 1990 as part of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) to help bring peace and stability to the country. The mission continued until 1998. Somalia had also experienced a protracted civil war that started in 1991 and led to widespread violence, famine, and displacement. The UN deployed a peacekeeping mission, UNOSOM II, to Somalia in 1993, and Nigeria contributed troops to this mission as well. Therefore, in 1993, Nigerian troops were on peacekeeping assignments to Liberia and Somalia to help maintain peace and security in these countries.

Public opinion is the view expressed by a_________

Answer Details

Public opinion is the view expressed by the majority of the members of a society. It represents the collective opinion of a group of individuals on a particular topic, issue or event. Public opinion can be shaped by various factors such as personal experiences, cultural values, media influence, and political ideology. It is often measured through surveys, polls, and other forms of social research. Public opinion can have a significant impact on government policies, social norms, and cultural values.

Rhodesia was the former name of

Answer Details

Rhodesia was the former name of Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was a country in southern Africa that was named after Cecil Rhodes, a British businessman, mining magnate, and politician who played a key role in the colonization of the region. The country was known as Southern Rhodesia from 1898 until 1965, when it unilaterally declared independence from Britain, and then simply Rhodesia until 1980, when it officially became the Republic of Zimbabwe. Today, Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa that shares borders with South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, and Mozambique. It is known for its rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, and rhinos.

The tenure of the president of the UN Secretary council is__________

Answer Details

The United Nations Security Council president is elected for one month in which it rotates among its members.

In a democratic government, franchise is given to all_________

Answer Details

In a democratic government, franchise is given to all adult citizens. This means that if you are a citizen of a country and are above the age of 18 or whatever the legal age for voting in that country is, you have the right to vote in elections and have a say in who represents you in government. Citizenship refers to the legal status of being a member of a particular country, and the term "adult" generally refers to anyone who is 18 years or older. Therefore, it is only fair and just in a democracy that all adult citizens are granted the right to vote and participate in the democratic process. Franchise or the right to vote is an essential part of any democracy, as it allows citizens to choose their leaders, hold them accountable, and have a say in the policies that affect their lives. This is why it is important for all adult citizens to exercise their right to vote and participate in the democratic process.

In the cabinet system of government, individual responsibility of ministers means that ____________

Answer Details

Individual ministerial responsibility is a constitutional convention that makes government ministers responsible for not only their own actions, but also for those of their department. It is not to be confused with collective cabinet responsibility, which states that cabinet members must approve publicly of its collective decisions or resign.

A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous is a

Answer Details

A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, history, ethnicity, or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

Political authority is vested in the_________

Answer Details

Political authority is vested in the government. Political authority refers to the power and legitimacy that a government has to make decisions and take actions on behalf of a country or a state. This authority is given to the government by the people who live in that country through a process of democratic elections, where citizens choose their representatives to hold political office. The government is the primary institution responsible for exercising political authority. It is made up of elected officials, such as the president or prime minister, who are responsible for making decisions and implementing policies that affect the lives of citizens. The government also includes a range of administrative agencies and departments, such as the treasury, defense, and health departments, that are responsible for carrying out specific functions of governance. The government is accountable to the people who elected it, and it must act in the best interests of the citizens it serves. If the government does not meet the needs and expectations of the people, it can be replaced through the democratic process in the next election. Therefore, when we talk about where political authority is vested, the answer is the government, as it is the institution that is responsible for exercising political power and making decisions on behalf of the people.

The tenure of the president of the UN Security Council is

Answer Details

The tenure of the President of the United Nations (UN) Security Council is one month. The presidency of the UN Security Council rotates among the 15 members of the Council on a monthly basis, according to the English alphabetical order of their country names. Each member state takes its turn to assume the presidency, which means that each country holds the position for one month throughout the year. During its presidency, the country in charge of the UN Security Council sets the agenda, presides over meetings, and represents the Council in its interactions with other parts of the UN and the wider world. After one month, the presidency is then transferred to the next country in the alphabetical order of member states' names.

A constitution of any country is basically___________

Answer Details

A constitution of any country is a guide to how the country should be governed. It is a written document that outlines the fundamental principles and rules by which a country is governed. The constitution defines the powers and limitations of the government, as well as the rights and freedoms of the people. It establishes the framework for the organization of the government, the roles and responsibilities of its branches, and the procedures for making and enforcing laws. In essence, the constitution sets the foundation for the political and legal systems of a country and serves as a framework for the governance of its people.

The Yoruba traditional system of government was

Answer Details

The Yoruba traditional system of government was monarchical, meaning that power and authority rested with a king or monarch known as an "Oba." The Oba was believed to be divinely chosen and had considerable control over political, economic, and social affairs within his kingdom. However, the Yoruba system of government also incorporated elements of democracy, as the Oba was advised by a council of chiefs and elders who represented different interest groups within the society. Additionally, the Yoruba people placed a strong emphasis on consensus-building and conflict resolution, which allowed for broad participation in decision-making and contributed to the stability of the system.

The role of an Alkali under the Hausa-Fulani political system is primarily to _____________

Answer Details

Under the Hausa-Fulani political system, the role of an Alkali is primarily to adjudicate disputes and resolve conflicts based on Islamic laws and customs. Alkalis are traditionally recognized as judges and arbitrators in their communities, and they are responsible for interpreting and applying Islamic law to resolve disputes between individuals, families, and even entire communities. The Alkali's main responsibility is to ensure that justice is served and that conflicts are resolved peacefully, fairly, and in accordance with Islamic principles. They are expected to be knowledgeable in Islamic law, and they are usually selected based on their reputation for wisdom, fairness, and integrity. While Alkalis may have some influence in the making of Islamic laws and the negotiation of treaties, their primary role is to act as judges and arbitrators in the administration of Islamic justice in their communities.

A society that is politically organized under a government is called

Answer Details

A society that is politically organized under a government is called a polity. This means that there is a system of rules and regulations that guide the behavior of individuals within the society and that these rules are enforced by a centralized authority, such as a government. The term "polity" can be used to describe any form of political organization, from a small town to a large nation-state. It is important to note that a polity may also be referred to as a sovereign state or a national state, but these terms imply additional characteristics, such as a defined territory and recognition by other states.

The British government revoked the charter of the Royal Niger Company and took over the administration of Nigeria in which year?

Answer Details

The Royal Niger Company was a mercantile company chartered by the British government in the nineteenth century. The company existed for a comparatively short time (1879–1900) but was instrumental in the formation of Colonial Nigeria, as it enabled the British Empire to establish control over the lower Niger against the German competition led by Bismarck during the 1890s. In 1900, the company-controlled territories became the Southern Nigeria Protectorate, which was in turn united with the Northern Nigeria Protectorate to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914 (which eventually gained independence within the same borders as the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1960).

Based on its objectives, the Organization of African Unity can primarily be classified as

Answer Details

The Organization of African Unity (OAU) can primarily be classified as a political organization. Its main objective was to promote cooperation and solidarity among African states, and to promote their collective self-reliance. The OAU sought to achieve these goals by fostering cooperation and coordination among African countries on political, economic, and social issues. In this sense, it played a key role in promoting peace, stability, and development in Africa, and in advancing the cause of African unity and independence. Therefore, it is primarily a political organization, with a focus on the promotion of African unity and cooperation on political and economic issues.

Pressure groups are formed mainly to__________

Answer Details

Pressure groups are formed mainly to satisfy the needs and interests of their members. These groups are organizations that aim to influence policy and decision-making by exerting pressure on government officials and other key decision-makers. They do this by organizing members and supporters to advocate for their shared interests and goals. Pressure groups can represent a wide range of interests, including business, labor, environmentalism, civil rights, and many others. These groups may seek to achieve their goals through various methods, such as lobbying, public demonstrations, media campaigns, and other forms of advocacy. By bringing together individuals who share common concerns and objectives, pressure groups can amplify their members' voices and provide a platform for collective action. In this way, pressure groups can be an effective means of advancing the interests of specific groups and shaping public policy to better serve those interests.

Answer Details

A major feature of the pre-colonial Igbo political system was that power was effectively decentralized. This means that there was no central authority or king who held absolute power over the entire society. Instead, political power was dispersed among a network of village councils, age grades, and other community organizations. Decisions were made through a process of consensus-building, and each member of the community had a voice in the decision-making process. This system was based on customs and traditions, and was not autocratic, meaning that there was no single ruler with the power to make unilateral decisions. The Igbo political system was not theocratic, meaning that it was not based on religious authority or the rule of religious leaders. While religion played an important role in Igbo society, it was not the basis of the political system. Overall, the decentralized nature of the pre-colonial Igbo political system was a key feature that allowed for a high degree of individual autonomy and self-governance, while also promoting community cohesion and cooperation.

Power refers to the__________

Answer Details

Power is the capacity of an individual to influence the conduct (behaviour) of others. The term "authority" is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate by the social structure.

The citizenship of a country could be acquired through_____________

Answer Details

Citizenship of a country can be acquired through two main ways: birth and naturalization. Birthright citizenship is the most common way of acquiring citizenship, where a person automatically becomes a citizen of a country if they are born within its territorial boundaries or if their parents are citizens of that country. This means that a person can acquire citizenship by simply being born in a particular country or by being born to parents who are citizens of that country. On the other hand, naturalization is the process by which a person who is not a citizen of a country can become one. Naturalization requirements vary by country, but typically involve a period of legal residency, a demonstrated understanding of the country's language, history, and government, and passing a citizenship test. Once these requirements are met, an individual can apply to become a citizen and, if approved, will be granted citizenship. While parliamentary legislation or presidential proclamation can also be used to confer citizenship in certain circumstances, they are not as commonly used as birthright citizenship and naturalization. Registration and arbitration, on the other hand, do not typically confer citizenship on an individual but may be used to resolve disputes related to citizenship.

Answer Details

A typical form of delegated legislation is a bye-law. Bye-laws are regulations made by local councils, government departments or other bodies that have been given the power to make them by a higher authority, usually an Act of Parliament. These bye-laws set out specific rules and regulations for a particular area or issue, and help to ensure that the policies set out by the higher authority are carried out effectively at a local level. Bye-laws can cover a wide range of topics, from parking regulations to waste management. They are an important tool for ensuring that the law is applied in a way that is appropriate to local circumstances and needs.

The main source of local government finance since the 1976 reform has been___________

Answer Details

The main source of local government finance since the 1976 reform has been local rates. Local rates are taxes that are collected by local governments on properties within their jurisdiction. This tax is based on the value of the property and is used to finance the provision of local services, such as road maintenance, waste management, and community services. This revenue is a crucial source of income for local governments and enables them to provide essential services to their communities. It's important to note that while other sources such as levies, revenue from court fines and licences, and even the federal government may provide funding for local governments, local rates remain the primary source of funding for local governments in many countries.

The second ballot is based on the principle that a successful candidate must obtain

Answer Details

The second ballot is based on the principle that a successful candidate must obtain an absolute majority. This means that in order to win, the candidate must receive more than half of the total votes cast. In other words, the candidate must get at least 50% plus one of the votes. This ensures that the winning candidate has the support of the majority of the voters, rather than just a plurality of the votes. If no candidate receives an absolute majority in the first round of voting, a second ballot is held between the two candidates who received the most votes, to determine the winner.

Answer Details

The correct answer is Zenith Bank Plc. A public corporation is a government-owned entity that operates as a business or provides a public service. In Nigeria, examples of public corporations include the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB), the Nigerian Steel Development Authority, and the Nigeria Railway Corporation. However, Zenith Bank Plc is not a public corporation in Nigeria, but a private bank that is owned by shareholders. While it is a highly respected financial institution in Nigeria, it is not owned or controlled by the Nigerian government, and therefore cannot be classified as a public corporation.