Which of the following substance pass through the root cell membrane by osmosis?

Water is the substance that passes through the root cell membrane by osmosis. Osmosis is the process where water molecules move from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. In the case of a plant's root cell, water molecules move into the cell where the concentration of solutes (dissolved substances) is higher, resulting in a net movement of water from the soil into the root cell. This is an important process for plants as it allows them to absorb water and nutrients from the soil to support their growth and survival. The other substances listed, such as cell sap, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, can also move across the root cell membrane, but they do so through different mechanisms, such as active transport or diffusion.