(a) State four functions of carbohydrates in farm animals. (b) List four organs associated with respiration in farm animals. (c) Mention two diseases that a...

(a) Four functions of carbohydrates in farm animals

• Provide energy and heat for body activities.
• Excess is stored as fat (reserve energy) and glycogen.
• Spare protein so that it is used for growth rather than energy.
• Provide raw material for the formation of fat and milk.

(b) Four organs associated with respiration

• Nostrils/nose
• Trachea (windpipe)
• Bronchi
• Lungs (also air sacs in birds and the diaphragm)

(c) Two diseases that affect the respiratory system

• Pneumonia
• Chronic respiratory disease (CRD), also infectious bronchitis and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

(d) Definitions of terms used in animal physiology

• (i) Exhalation: the breathing out or expulsion of air (rich in carbon dioxide) from the lungs to the atmosphere.
• (ii) Inhalation: the breathing in or taking in of air (rich in oxygen) from the atmosphere into the lungs.
• (iii) Peristalsis: the wave-like rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the alimentary canal that moves food along the gut.
• (iv) Ovulation: the release of a mature ovum (egg) from the ovary.
• (v) Rumination: the regurgitation, re-chewing and re-swallowing of cud by a ruminant animal.