(a) What is depreciation in agricultural production? (b) Distinguish between the following pairs of terms as used in agricultural production: (i) farm recor...

(a) What is depreciation in agricultural production?                       

(b)  Distinguish between the following pairs of terms as used in agricultural production:
(i)  farm records and farm accounts;
(ii)  credit and subsidy;
(iii) assets and liabilities.                                              

(c)  State five problems of agricultural extension in West Africa.              

(d)  Enumerate five factors that affect the supply of cassava in West Africa

Answer Details

(a) Depreciation in agricultural production refers to the decrease in value of an asset due to wear and tear, obsolescence, or other factors that reduce its usefulness over time. In agriculture, this might refer to things like tractors, machinery, or other equipment that becomes less effective as it is used.

(b)

1. Farm records are a systematic way of keeping track of information about a farm, such as production and expenses. Farm accounts are a more comprehensive way of tracking the financial performance of a farm, including both income and expenses.

2. Credit refers to the loan of money or other resources, usually with the expectation that it will be repaid with interest. Subsidy refers to financial assistance from the government to support a particular industry or activity, such as agriculture.

3. Assets are resources that a farm has and can be used to generate income, such as land, buildings, or equipment. Liabilities are obligations or debts that the farm owes, such as loans or taxes owed.

(c)

Five problems of agricultural extension in West Africa are:

1. Lack of funding and resources, which limits the ability of extension services to reach farmers and provide them with the information and support they need.
2. Limited access to information and technology, which can make it difficult for farmers to adopt new practices and improve their production.
3. Inadequate infrastructure, such as roads, storage facilities, and communication networks, which can limit the ability of extension services to reach farmers in remote areas.
4. Limited capacity and skills of extension workers, which can make it difficult for them to provide farmers with the information and support they need.
5. Lack of coordination and collaboration between different organizations and government agencies, which can result in duplication of effort and a lack of consistency in extension services.

(d)

Five factors that affect the supply of cassava in West Africa are:

1. Climate: Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns can affect the growth and productivity of cassava crops.
2. Soil fertility: Poor soil quality can limit the ability of cassava plants to grow and produce a high yield.
3. Pest and disease management: Outbreaks of pests and diseases can cause significant damage to cassava crops and reduce their yield.
4. Access to markets: The ability of farmers to sell their cassava products is influenced by the availability of markets and the price they can receive for their crops.
5. Availability of inputs: Factors such as the availability of seeds, fertilizer, and labor can affect the ability of farmers to grow and harvest cassava crops.