(a) Name the industrial process by which ethene is obtained from petroleum fractions (b) Give the I. U. P.A.C name of the isomer whose structure is shown be...
Question 1 Report
(a) Name the industrial process by which ethene is obtained from petroleum fractions
(b) Give the I. U. P.A.C name of the isomer whose structure is shown below.
(c) Illustrate with an equation, one reaction in which benzene behaves as:
(i) unsaturated hydrocarbon
(ii) a saturated hydrocarbon
Answer Details
(a) Industrial process by which ethene is obtained from petroleum fractions: cracking (thermal or catalytic cracking).
(b) IUPAC name of the isomer shown
The structure is ClCH=CHCl, with the two chlorine atoms on opposite sides of the C=C double bond, so it is the trans isomer: (E)-1,2-dichloroethene (trans-1,2-dichloroethene).
(c) Reactions of benzene
(i) As an unsaturated hydrocarbon (addition reaction): benzene adds hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst to give cyclohexane. \[\text{C}_6\text{H}_6 + 3\text{H}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{Ni},\ 180^\circ\text{C}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\]
(ii) As a saturated hydrocarbon (substitution reaction): benzene reacts with chlorine in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 (or FeCl3) as catalyst, in the dark, to give chlorobenzene. \[\text{C}_6\text{H}_6 + \text{Cl}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{AlCl}_3} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Cl} + \text{HCl}\]
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