(a) Make a diagram 8 — 10 cm long to show the relative position of the following organs in the mammalian gut: (i) stomach (ii) pancreas (iii) liver (iv) gal...
Question 1 Report
(a) Make a diagram 8 — 10 cm long to show the relative position of the following organs in the mammalian gut:
(i) stomach
(ii) pancreas
(iii) liver
(iv) gall bladder
(v) duodenum and label fully.
(b) (i) List two diseases of the liver.
(ii) State five effects of the diseases in (b) (i) on the human body.
(c) State the deficiency symptoms of the following vitamins:
(i) vitamin A
(ii) vitamin C
(ii) Vitamin K;
Answer Details
(a) Relative position of organs in the mammalian gut
A large labelled diagram (8 to 10 cm long) should show the stomach on the left, leading into the C-shaped duodenum; the pancreas lying in the loop of the duodenum; the liver above and to the right of the stomach; and the gall bladder tucked under the liver, with its bile duct joining the pancreatic duct to enter the duodenum.
(b)(i) Two diseases of the liver
- Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
- Liver cirrhosis (jaundice/liver cancer also accepted)
(b)(ii) Five effects of liver disease on the body
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) from build-up of bile pigment.
- Poor digestion and absorption of fats because bile production falls.
- Accumulation of toxins in the blood, as the liver can no longer detoxify them.
- Failure of blood clotting, leading to easy bleeding (reduced fibrinogen/prothrombin).
- General weakness, loss of appetite and swelling of the abdomen (accumulation of fluid).
(c) Vitamin deficiency symptoms
| Vitamin | Deficiency symptom |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A | Night blindness (poor vision in dim light); dry, rough skin |
| Vitamin C | Scurvy - bleeding, swollen and spongy gums; slow wound healing |
| Vitamin K | Failure of blood to clot (prolonged bleeding) |
Download The App On Google Playstore
Everything you need to excel in your exams
