Which of the following is a sign of overtraining in a strength training programme?

Overtraining occurs when the volume and intensity of exercise exceed the body's ability to recover. One of the hallmark signs of overtraining syndrome is persistent muscle soreness and fatigue that does not resolve with normal rest periods. This happens because the muscles, connective tissues, and nervous system are not given sufficient time to repair and adapt between training sessions, leading to a chronic state of breakdown rather than improvement.

Other common signs of overtraining include decreased performance, elevated resting heart rate, disturbed sleep, irritability, increased susceptibility to illness, and loss of motivation.

The other options describe the opposite of overtraining - they are indicators of a well-managed training programme:

• Increased motivation suggests the athlete is recovering well and enjoying training.
• Improved sleep quality is a positive adaptation to regular exercise, not a sign of overtraining. Overtraining typically disrupts sleep.
• Consistent strength improvements indicate that the body is adapting positively to the training stimulus, which means recovery is adequate.