Doping is the deliberate addition of a very small, controlled amount of impurity to a pure semiconductor, such as silicon, to increase the number of charge carriers and therefore increase its electrical conductivity.
A pentavalent impurity provides extra electrons, producing an n-type semiconductor.
A trivalent impurity produces holes, producing a p-type semiconductor.
(b) Symbol for an OR gate
An OR gate gives an output of 1 when input A, input B, or both inputs are 1: \(Q=A\text{ OR }B\).
Examination reminder: Do not confuse an OR gate with an AND gate. The OR-gate symbol has a curved, inward left-hand side and a pointed curved right-hand side. Its output is 1 if at least one input is 1.
Doping is the deliberate addition of a very small, controlled amount of impurity to a pure semiconductor, such as silicon, to increase the number of charge carriers and therefore increase its electrical conductivity.
A pentavalent impurity provides extra electrons, producing an n-type semiconductor.
A trivalent impurity produces holes, producing a p-type semiconductor.
(b) Symbol for an OR gate
An OR gate gives an output of 1 when input A, input B, or both inputs are 1: \(Q=A\text{ OR }B\).
Examination reminder: Do not confuse an OR gate with an AND gate. The OR-gate symbol has a curved, inward left-hand side and a pointed curved right-hand side. Its output is 1 if at least one input is 1.