(a) For each of specimens H (SPADE), l (SECATEURS) and J (OPEN ENDED SPANNER) name two farm tools that can perform functions similar to those of the specime...

Specimens: H (spade), I (secateurs), J (open-ended spanner).

(a) Two farm tools that perform similar functions to each specimen

• Specimen H (spade): shovel and hand trowel.
• Specimen I (secateurs): pruning saw and pair of shears (sickle).
• Specimen J (open-ended spanner): ring spanner and adjustable (monkey) wrench.

(b) How specimens I and J are used

• Specimen I (secateurs): open the handles to widen the blades, place the opened blades against the stem or branch to be cut, then press the handles together so that the sharp blade cuts cleanly through the material for pruning or harvesting soft twigs and fruits.
• Specimen J (open-ended spanner): fit the open jaw of the correct size squarely over the head of the nut or bolt, then turn the handle clockwise to tighten or anticlockwise to loosen, continuing to turn until the bolt is firmly fixed or freed before releasing.

(c) Description of specimens H and J

• Specimen H (spade): it has a long wooden or metal handle whose upper end widens into a triangular or D-shaped grip for firm handling; the blade is of steel, flat and rectangular, with a sharp lower edge for penetrating the soil.
• Specimen J (open-ended spanner): it is a metallic tool with a flattened elongated handle, having an open jaw at each end shaped to fit the hexagonal heads of bolts of various sizes.

(d) Four advantages of using farm tools for farm work

• They make work easier and minimise drudgery.
• They ensure faster completion of operations and save time.
• They increase the farmer's productivity and the quality of work done.
• They minimise injury to the farmer and are easy to operate and maintain.