(a) Explain five factors affecting the choice of transport of frozen products. (b) State five disadvantages of air transport.

(a) Factors affecting the choice of transport for frozen products

• Perishability of the goods: Frozen products spoil quickly, so a fast means of transport that gets them to the market in good time is essential.
• Availability of refrigeration: The transport chosen must be fitted with cold-storage or refrigerated facilities to keep the products frozen throughout the journey.
• Distance to be covered: For long distances, faster transport such as air or refrigerated vehicles is needed to avoid deterioration, while short distances allow cheaper means.
• Cost of transport: The trader must weigh the transport cost against the value of the goods, choosing a means that is affordable yet preserves the products.
• Nature of the route and infrastructure: Good roads, ports or airports and the condition of the terrain determine which means of transport can reliably reach the destination.

(b) Disadvantages of air transport

• It is the most expensive means of transport, with high fares and freight charges.
• It cannot carry very heavy and bulky goods such as machinery and building materials.
• It is greatly affected by bad weather, which can cause delays or cancellation of flights.
• It requires expensive airports and terminals, so it cannot deliver goods directly to the customer's door.
• Accidents in air transport are usually very serious, often resulting in total loss of lives and goods.