(a) Explain the term ration as used in animal production. (b) Explain how each of the following factors influence feed formulation for farm animals: (i) phy...

(a) Explanation of Ration

Ration is the amount of feed/ diet that is given to animals daily / 24 hour period.

(b) Explanation of how factors affect feed formulation

(i) Physiological status of animal Animals of different physiological state will require different types of diet, e.g.

- Healthy animals need balanced, production or maintenance ration.

- Poor slate of an animal requires a fortified feed.

- Pregnant animals - Lactating animal.,

(ii) Age of animal

- Animals at different stages of growth will require different formulas ion of diet.

- Older animals require lower nutrients.

- Younger animals require higher nutrients.

(iii) Purpose of production

- Different breeds require different nutrient composition in the feed.

- Feed content will depend on the purpose of production which might be for lactation, egg production or wool production.

- Fattening/beef/broiler/growth will require higher energy and protein in the feed for efficient production.

- Higher energy and protein are required in the feed for traction, draught, work and transportation of animals.

(iv) Availability of feed

- Determines which ingredient

- Determines the nutrient

- Determines level of

 - Determines the cost

- Determines the quantity

(c) Preparation of palm

- Seeds of palm kernel

- The seeds are roasted.

- The seeds are crushed

- The ground seeds are

- The residue is pressed

(d) Differences between Broiler Starter Mash and Broiler Finisher Mash